Nutrition Exam 2

MYTH: Proteins from different plant foods must be carefully mixed and eaten together in the same meal.

Proteins do not have to be eaten at the same meal, it is more important to eat a variety throughout the day.

A benefit of resistance training is that: Select one: a. high resistance and few repetitions build strength without bulk. b. it prevents weight loss with reduced calorie intakes. c. women will be able to greatly increase bulk in their muscles. d. training will reduce 24-hour energy expenditure.

A

A weight lifter is taking creatine supplements to increase the power in his muscles. What is the most likely effect of taking the supplement? Select one: a. weight gain b. stimulation of muscle growth c. energy enhancement from additional stored creatine phosphate in the muscles d. enhanced endurance activity performance

A

A zinc toxicity reduces _____. a. iron absorption b. LDL cholesterol c. insulin response d. bone density

A

As physical activity continues beyond the first few minutes, which of the following flows into the bloodstream to signal the liver to liberate its stored energy nutrients? Select one: a. glucagon b. thyroxine c. lactic acid d. a and b e. a and c

A

Chromium works closely with: a. insulin. b. collagen. c. hemoglobin. d. enzymes.

A

Copper is an essential nutrient because of its role in: a. forming hemoglobin and collagen. b. increasing free radical activity. c. regulating zinc absorption. d. regulating blood glucose.

A

In which of the following situations would a vitamin E deficiency be least likely? a. someone who eats a diet high in fat b. someone who is born prematurely c. someone who consumes a low-fat diet composed largely of convenience foods d. someone with a disease condition that causes malabsorption of fat

A

Phosphorus is critical to the acid-base balance in cells because of its role in: a. creating buffers to maintain the correct pH. b. creating phospholipids to carry fats through the blood. c. binding with calcium in muscle tissues. d. transporting sodium from the cells.

A

The principal food source of chloride is: a. salt. b. animal products. c. plants. d. grains.

A

MYTH: Plant proteins are not complete; they lack certain amino acids.

All essential amino acids are obtainable through plants by eating a variety of foods (complementary proteins). One example is a meal containing grains and legumes.

All of the following dietary factors are protective against CVD except: Select one: a. omega-3 fatty acids. b. a low-carbohydrate diet. c. legumes. d. fish oils.

B

An individual has developed heart disease and high blood lipid values and refuses to take lipid-lowering prescription medications. Which vitamin might be suggested by his physicians as an alternative for lowering blood lipids? a. vitamin A b. niacin c. vitamin C d. thiamin

B

Calcium in the body's fluids performs all of the following major roles except: a. regulating the transport of ions across cell membranes. b. helping maintain normal blood glucose. c. participating in blood clotting. d. facilitating muscle contraction.

B

Calculate the recommended daily protein intake for a female marathon runner weighing 126 pounds. Select one: a. 46-50 g b. 69-80 g c. 88-92 g d. 92-97 g

B

If a person has a deficient dietary intake of calcium, what will be the result? a. a reduced rate of calcium absorption b. no change in levels of calcium in the blood because calcium will be pulled from the bones c. a gain of body weight d. lowered levels of calcium in the blood because of the deficiency

B

Joe's doctor tells him his CVD risk is low when tests reveal Joe's: Select one: a. LDL cholesterol is 150 mg/dL. b. diastolic blood pressure is 80 mm Hg. c. HDL cholesterol is 25 mg/dL. d. blood cholesterol is 240 mg/dL.

B

Low blood selenium correlates with development of: a. chronic fatigue. b. prostate cancer. c. poor immunity. d. lung cancer.

B

Sulfate is adequate in a diet that contains sufficient: a. fat. b. protein. c. carbohydrate. d. vitamins.

B

The role of inflammation in the development of atherosclerosis includes: Select one: a. damage to the cells lining the arteries by factors such as high HDL cholesterol. b. white blood cells being sent to the site by the immune system to try to repair the damage. c. production of foam cells that help to capture and remove LDL from the artery wall. d. proliferation of muscle cells of the artery wall, which repair the site.

B

When a child has a virus that has caused vomiting and diarrhea over several days' time it is critical for her to receive medical care because: a. her fever will cause her to retain too much extra fluid. b. she may need help in replacing extreme fluid losses. c. in the cells, sodium concentration increases, leading to danger of swelling. d. her kidneys will pump extra fluids into the bloodstream.

B

Which of the following is not a result of obesity? Select one: a. a tripled risk for diabetes b. a doubled risk for osteoporosis c. up to half of hypertension cases d. a shift in adipokine balance

B

Which of the following must be available for thyroxine to be synthesized? a. iron b. iodine c. zinc d. fluoride

B

Which of the following would be a good suggestion for making small changes in your diet for better health? Select one: a. Spread margarine instead of butter on your toast for breakfast. b. Instead of a snack of potato chips and sour cream dip eat carrot sticks and hummus. c. Purchase only foods labeled "no trans fats" to be guaranteed they are low in fat. d. Select chicken nuggets instead of a hamburger at a fast-food restaurant.

B

MYTH: People cannot meet protein needs with plant proteins alone.

By eating a variety of foods, protein needs can be met with plant proteins alone.

A person who lives in a city with high air pollution levels may be exposed to increased oxidative damage in the lungs from breathing the contaminated air. Which antioxidant vitamin is needed to protect the cells from damage? a. vitamin A b. vitamin C c. vitamin E d. vitamin K

C

All of the following are fat-soluble vitamins except: a. vitamin A. b. vitamin D. c. vitamin C. d. vitamin K.

C

An endurance athlete can lose _____ of fluid an hour during activity. Select one: a. 2 cups b. 4 cups c. 1.5 quarts d. 2.5 gallons

C

Any meal should be finished at least _____ hours before an athletic competition. Select one: a. 1 or 2 b. 2 or 3 c. 3 or 4 d. 4 or 5

C

Calculate the calories needed from fat each day for a triathlete who requires 4500 calories a day. Select one: a. 550-700 b. 750-875 c. 900-1575 d. 1580-1650

C

In the early minutes of an activity, _____ provides the majority of energy the muscles use to go into action. Select one: a. fat b. liver glycogen c. muscle glycogen d. protein

C

Over half of the body's magnesium is stored in the: a. teeth. b. liver. c. bones. d. blood.

C

The amount of protein needed for physical activity varies depending on: Select one: a. the type of exercise, with endurance exercise requiring more. b. carbohydrate intake, with high carbohydrate intakes requiring more protein. c. the amount of training in a particular exercise an athlete has had. d. the need for BCAA supplementation to increase protein synthesis.

C

The hormone produced by adipose tissue in response to a gain in body fatness that helps to control obesity is: Select one: a. endorphin. b. ghrelin. c. leptin. d. insulin.

C

The metabolic syndrome greatly increases a person's risk of developing: Select one: a. hypertension. b. cancer. c. CVD. d. AIDS.

C

To prevent neural tube defects in the U.S., the FDA instituted a fortification program for all grain and cereal products in conjunction with public health programs. Which vitamin was added to these foods? a. vitamin A b. vitamin E c. folate d. vitamin B 6

C

What is the intensity level of a physical activity that causes some increase in breathing, is a perceived exertion of 5 or 6, and allows you to have a conversation while doing the activity? Select one: a. sedentary b. light c. moderate d. vigorous

C

When setting a target for weight loss, an appropriate goal would be: Select one: a. rapid weight loss the first several weeks. b. reduction of BMI by at least 5 points. c. reduction of body weight by 5-10% over a year's time. d. a large, long-term goal to work toward.

C

When trying to consume adequate dietary iron it is helpful to: a. eat non-heme iron found only in plants because it is absorbed more efficiently. b. consider adding supplements because they are better absorbed than iron in foods. c. combine vitamin C-rich foods with non-heme iron sources to increase absorption. d. avoid combining heme-iron foods with non-heme-iron foods in the same meal.

C

Which of the following statements about basal metabolism is true? Select one: a. It supports the work that goes on all the time. b. It is directly controlled by the hormone thyroxine. c. It accounts for the smallest component of the average person's daily energy expenditure. d. a and b e. b and c

D

A 55-year-old woman with a BMI of 31 and waist circumference of 37 whose father and grandfather died of heart disease is at _____ risk of developing heart disease. Select one: a. low b. increased c. high d. very high

D

A 58-year-old woman with hypertension and elevated LDL blood levels is complaining that she suddenly is feeling very tired, dizzy, and weak. What would you advise her to do? Select one: a. lie down and rest for a short time until she feels better b. eat a light snack to help relieve her nausea c. see her doctor as soon as she is able to get an appointment to have her lungs checked d. go with you to the emergency room because she may be having a heart attack

D

A person who has taken antibiotics for several months because of a severe bacterial infection may develop a deficiency of: a. vitamin A. b. vitamin D. c. vitamin E. d. vitamin K.

D

All of the following are involved in signaling satiation except: Select one: a. the stomach. b. the small intestine. c. the brain's hypothalamus. d. the heart.

D

At what weight can a 165-lb. woman with hypertension who plans to lose weight first expect to see a significantly lower blood pressure value? Select one: a. 125 pounds b. 135 pounds c. 145 pounds d. 155 pounds

D

Calculate how much carbohydrate a 175-pound athlete who is in training for a marathon should eat each day in order to enhance his body's storage of glycogen. Select one: a. 385-550 grams b. 40-56 grams c. 88-123 grams d. 477-795 grams

D

Characteristics of victims of anorexia nervosa include: Select one: a. they come from middle- or upper-class families. b. they tend to be perfectionists. c. they are unfamiliar with the calorie content of foods. d. a and b e. b and c

D

Characteristics of water-soluble vitamins include all of the following except: a. they seldom reach toxic levels. b. they are easily absorbed and excreted. c. they dissolve in water. d. they are stored extensively in tissues.

D

In general, studies of populations have suggested that low cancer rates correlate with: Select one: a. high vegetable intakes. b. high whole grain intakes. c. high fat intakes. d. a and b e. b and c

D

Magnesium is an important mineral that works with calcium in the body to: a. increase bone density. b. maintain acid-base balance in the cells. c. control blood glucose levels. d. help muscles contract and relax.

D

Researchers measure cardiovascular fitness with VO 2 max, which will: Select one: a. remain the same when exercising at varying altitudes. b. increase the resting heart rate to pump blood more rapidly. c. decrease the amount of oxygen needed for exercising. d. increase as fitness improves and blood is pumped more efficiently.

D

Water intake is governed by: a. thirst. b. sodium intake. c. satiety. d. a and c e. b and c

D

Weight training results in all of the following except: Select one: a. improved posture. b. muscle strength and endurance. c. prevention and management of chronic diseases. d. decreased bone density.

D

Which of the following is not one of the risk factors for CVD? Select one: a. diabetes b. hypertension c. high blood LDL d. high blood HDL

D

Which of the following is the most potentially toxic of all vitamins? a. A b. E c. K d. D

D

Which statement about the best way to schedule daily physical activity is accurate? Select one: a. You can achieve weight loss with 30 minutes a day of physical activity. b. Daily physical activity goals must be met within one continuous session. c. Strength training must be done every day. d. Moderate-intensity activity can be divided into smaller sessions throughout the day.

D

MYTH: Plant proteins are difficult to digest.

Digestibility depends on the source and preparation of the protein. Some plant proteins are very easy to digest.

Antioxidant nutrients that actively scavenge and quench free radicals in the body include: a. vitamin E. b. riboflavin. c. vitamin C. d. a and b e. a and c

E

Body mass index is unsuitable for use with: Select one: a. adolescents. b. athletes. c. pregnant women. d. a and b e. b and c

E

Characteristics of cardiorespiratory endurance include: Select one: a. increased cardiac output and oxygen delivery. b. reduced blood pressure. c. increased resting pulse. d. a and c e. a and b

E

To lower LDL cholesterol levels you would tell someone to: Select one: a. lose weight. b. consume a low-fat diet. c. increase physical activity. d. a and b e. a and c

E

Which of the following raises HDL concentration? Select one: a. weight loss b. low cholesterol intake c. physical activity d. b and c e. a and c

E

MYTH: Plant proteins are lacking in nutritional value because they are not balanced.

There is no evidence that amino acid imbalances are important. Imbalance can be caused by improper supplementation.

MYTH: Plant proteins are lower in quality than animal proteins.

protein quality is dependent partially on variety. plant proteins can be just as high in quality as animal proteins.