Nutrition Exam 2

after the krebs cycle, what do the fatty acids that produce acetyl CoA become?

ATP

Which of the following factors influences the metabolism of alcohol in the human body? - All of these choices are correct. - Body size and composition - Prior drinking history - Age

All of these choices are correct

Cole was told by his healthcare provider that he has metabolic syndrome. Which of the following can occur as a result of metabolic syndrome? - All of these choices are correct. - Increased breakdown of glycogen from the liver to replenish blood glucose levels - Increased insulin secretion - Insulin resistance

All of these choices are correct.

Because of the high glycemic index (GI), which of the following foods should be avoided or consumed in moderation by a person with diabetes? - Apple - Whole grain spaghetti - Edamame (sweet green soybeans) - Baked potato

Baked potato

Which of the following is an essential amino acid?

Leucine

Which of the following traits or circumstances poses the greatest risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD)? Low body fat Vitamin D intake Male sex Household income

Male sex

Which of the following is a complex carbohydrate? - Glucose - High-fructose corn syrup - Soluble fiber - Lactose

Soluble fiber

what is the metabolic process of building molecules into bigger ones from smaller ones?

anabolism

Liana has elevated blood levels of LDL. To lower her LDL levels, she should _______. - consume more partially-hydrogenated fats - eat fewer fruits and vegetables - use more coconut oil in baking - eat less red meat

eat less red meat

what is the same in all amino acids?

nitrogen base

what does anerobic mean?

no oxygen required

Which of the following plant oils contains the highest amount of saturated fat per tablespoon? - Safflower oil - Canola oil - Coconut oil - Walnut oil

coconut oil

Pancreatic amylase... - digests starch in the small intestine. - is secreted by the gallbladder. - contributes to cystic fibrosis. - converts glucose to energy in cells.

digests starch in the small intestine

A man weighs 180 Ibs or 82 kg, based on the RDA for protein intake, what is the minimum amount of protein he should be eating a day?

0.8 x 82 kg = 66 grams

Based on what the RDA recommends, for a 30 year old woman, how much fiber should she be eating?

25 grams

Felix generally consumes about 2500 kcal/day. He wants to reduce the amount of added sugars in his diet to meet the recommendation for added sugar intake according to the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Based on this information, Felix will limit his daily intake of added sugars to less than ________ kcal. - 60 - 345 - 250 - 115

250

Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a hormone that ________. - decreases the excretion of sodium ions from kidneys - stimulates the gallbladder to release bile into the small intestine - enables glucose to enter muscle cells - increases the production of salivary amylase

stimulates the gallbladder to release bile into the small intestine

A ________ reaction is one in which the nitrogen-containing group of one amino acid is transferred to another substance (such as a Kreb's Cycle intermediate) to make a nonessential amino acid. - condensation - deamination - aminopeptidase - transamination

transamination

Petros is a 20-year-old male who weighs 180 lbs (82 kg). Based on the RDA for protein for a healthy young adult, what is the minimum amount of protein should Petros consume daily? - 104 grams - 180 grams - 92 grams - 66 grams

66 grams

how many essential amino acids are there?

9

________ is a chemical pathway involved in the catabolism of an activated fatty acid and occurs in the mitochondria. - Glycogenesis - Beta-oxidation - Glycogenolysis - Ketogenesis

Beta-oxidation

Which of the following foods is NOT usually responsible for causing allergic responses? - Peanuts and other nuts - Wheat and shellfish - Fish and shellfish - Carrots and celery

Carrots and celery

Which of the following chemical pathways of glucose catabolism produces the highest amount of ATP molecules? - Electron chain transport - Fermentation - Glycolysis - Citric acid cycle

Electron chain transport

Which of the following statements is true? - To remain healthy, your fasting blood glucose level should always be at least 140 mg/dl. - A healthy person's hemoglobin A1c level is greater than 7.5%. - People who have excess body fat are more likely to develop type 1 diabetes than type 2 diabetes. - Excessive thirst and frequent urination are signs of diabetes.

Excessive thirst and frequent urination are signs of diabetes

what enzyme facilitates lipolysis?

HSL (hormone sensitive lipase)

Which of the following statements about hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) is false? - HSL facilitates lipolysis. - HSL is an enzyme that facilitates the removal of three fatty acids from the glycerol backbone of a triglyceride. - HSL acts predominately in liver cells. - HSL functions only when insulin levels are low.

HSL acts predominately in liver cells

Which of the following statements describes lactic acid? - Lactic acid is a two-carbon molecule. - Lactic acid is a primary source of energy in the human body. - Lactic acid is made under anaerobic conditions. - Lactic acid is made from acetyl CoA.

Lactic acid is made under anaerobic conditions

Which of the following statements about phospholipids is FALSE? - Lecithin is an example of a phospholipid found naturally in egg yolks. - Phospholipids have a similar chemical structure to cholesterol. - Phosopholipids have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic portions. - Phospholipids are naturally found in both plant and animal foods.

Phospholipids have a similar chemical structure to cholesterol

what makes amino acids different from each other?

R group

Which of the following statements about resistant starches is false? - Food manufacturers can add resistant starches to their food products. - Resistant starches act similar to dietary fiber in the GI tract. - Seeds, legumes, and unripened bananas are natural food sources of resistant starches. - Resistant starches are more fully broken down in the human GI tract than regular starches.

Resistant starches are more fully broken down in the human GI tract than regular starches

Which of the following grains does NOT contain gluten? - Quinoa - Barley - Rye - Semolina flour

Rye

Which of the following substances is an enzyme that participates in the digestion of proteins? - Bile - Trypsin - Amylase - Cholecystokinin

Trypsin

Which of the following foods is a rich source of saturated fat and cholesterol? - Whole milk - Coconut oil - Peanut butter - Margarine

Whole milk

During the beta-oxidation of fatty acids, what is produced? (the only thing that can go through the Krebs cycle or citric acid cycle)

acetyl CoA

The process of ________ occurs when energy is wasted as heat rather than being converted to ATP. adaptive thermogenesis - beta-oxidation - glycogenolysis - ketosis

adaptive thermogenesis

The citric acid cycle is a/an ________ process. - anaerobic - aerobic - thermoneutral - mitochondratic

aerobic

According to the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, healthy adults should consume ________. - as little cholesterol as possible while following a healthy diet - no cholesterol - less than 400 mg cholesterol/day - less than 200 mg cholesterol/day

as little cholesterol as possible while following a healthy diet

The breakdown of glycogen into individual glucose molecules is an example of ________. - catabolism - homeostasis - glycogenesis - anabolism

catabolism

The body uses proteins to make ________. - magnesium ions - trans fats - certain hormones - calcium carbonate

certain hormones

Victor is making cake batter. When he added canola oil, low-fat milk, baking powder, and salt together, the oil and milk separated into two layers. To make a mixture that does not separate into oily and watery components, Victor should add ________ and stir the ingredients together. - fruit juice - whey protein - high-fructose corn syrup - egg yolks

egg yolks

True or False: diets high in fiber would be at a higher risk for type 2 diabetes?

false

Most lipids have ________ in their chemical structures. - nitrogen and sulfur - fatty acids - amino acids - glucose polymers

fatty acids

What is a highest branched carb storage form?

gylcogen

Compared to a triglyceride molecule, an amino acid molecule ________. - has nitrogen in its chemical structure - is comprised of glucose units - provides more energy - has three fatty acids attached to a glycerol

has nitrogen in its chemical structure

Insulin... - is released during fasting periods, such as between meals. - helps glucose enter cells. - increases blood glucose levels after meals. - stimulates cells to break down glycogen for energy.

helps glucose enter cells

A fasting blood LDL cholesterol level of 165 mg/dL is considered ________. - optimal - borderline high - high - near optimal

high

If someone is dealing with constipation, and only poops 2x a week, what should be recommended for her?

increase her insoluble fiber intake

Betty is constipated; she generally has bowel movements only twice a week. To help relieve her constipation without taking medications, Betty should - increase her intake of hard cheese and yogurt. - increase her intake of foods that contain soluble fiber. - increase her intake of foods that contain insoluble fiber. - increase her intake of ultraprocessed foods.

increase her intake of foods that contain insoluble fiber

Adrian's diet supplies only about 5% of his daily energy needs from carbohydrates. Therefore, most of his energy intake is provided by proteins and fats. As a result of following this diet, Adrian's body may go into - ketosis - lipolysis - glycogenesis - proteolysis

ketosis

In an incomplete protein, the ______ is/are the essential amino acid(s) found in the lowest amount(s) in the food source. - incomplete amino acid(s) - limiting amino acid(s) - conditionally essential amino acid(s) - missing amino acid(s)

limiting amino acid(s)

According to Shawn's physician, Shawn has a high risk of ________ because his waist circumference is 42 inches, his blood pressure consistently measures 140 mm Hg/90 mm Hg, and his fasting blood glucose level is 110 mg/dl. - constipation - diverticulitis - cystic fibrosis - metabolic syndrome

metabolic syndrome

what is the study of how nutrients effect gene expression called?

nutrigenomics

What enzyme is responsible for the breakdown of starch in the small intestines?

pancreatic amylase

Jacob is a healthy, active 14-year-old boy. Recently, he began to experience a growth spurt. Based on this information, his body is in ________ nitrogen balance. - positive - inverted - activated - negative

positive

what energy yielding nutrient is the most satiating?

protein

Hemoglobin is an example of a protein that exists in the ________ form. - tertiary - secondary - quaternary - primary

quaternary

What structure is hemoglobin part of?

quaternary structure

which disease is caused by a sequencing error in the structure of hemoglobin?

sickle cell anemia

Which of the following statements about epinephrine is false? - also called adrenaline - increases lipolysis in adipose tissue - stimulates anabolism - increases glycogenolysis in the liver and muscle

stimulates anabolism