Nutrition Exam B

Which of the following statements regarding the metabolism of fatty acids is FALSE? (Fatty acids can be broken down to produce glucose) or (The production of ATP from fatty acids includes beta-oxidation and the citric acid cycle) or (The production of ATP from fatty acids requires oxygen) or (The production of ATP from fatty acids requires mitochondria)

Fatty acids can be broken down to produce glucose

Which of the following does NOT occur in response to a high-fat meal? (formation of micelles in the small intestine) or (formation of very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs) in the liver) or (formation of chylomicrons in the small intestine) or (storage of triglycerides in adipose tissue)

formation of very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs) in the liver

Folate is...

fortified in enriched grains

a maltose molecule is...

two molecules of glucose joined together

The most common type of diabetes in which cells fail to respond to insulin is called...

type 2 diabetes

Hydrogenation changes the characteristics of an oil by converting

unsaturated fatty acids into saturated fatty acids

When amino acids are broken down to generate energy or synthesize glucose, the amino group must be removed. What waste product is generated from it?

urea

How many Calories per gram does added starch contain?

4

What percentage of calories from carbohydrates is recommended per day for a healthy adult?

45-65%

Daily dietary fiber is...

25-30 grams...average now is 15 g

Which of following is NOT within the recommended intake range? (13-year-old consuming 22% of calories as fat) or (28-year-old consuming 33% of calories as fat) or (40-year-old consuming 9% of calories as saturated fat) or (2-year-old consuming 37% of calories as fat)

13-year-old consuming 22% of calories as fat

Which of the following is considered a simple sugar? (maltose) or (glucose) or (lactose) or (disaccharide) or (monosaccharide) or (All of the choices)

All of the choices

Which of the following statements regarding bile is TRUE? (Bile creates a neutral pH to allow the pancreatic lipases to function) or (Bile is produced and concentrated in the gallbladder) or (Bile breaks down large lipid droplets into small globules) (Bile breaks down triglycerides into monoglycerides, fatty acids and glycerol)

Bile breaks down large lipid droplets into small globules

Amino acids that cannot be made by the adult human body in sufficient amounts are called ________.

Essential amino acids

Which of the following is a person who eats a diet high in enriched grains deficient in? (niacin) or (starch) or (fiber) or (riboflavin)

Fiber

The transport of cholesterol to the liver for elimination is accomplished by ________.

HDLs

A 45-year-old male at risk of cardiovascular disease consumes a 2900-Calorie per day diet containing 110 grams of fat with 25 grams of saturated fat and 240 mg of cholesterol. How does his intake compare with the recommendations provided for him in the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans?

His total fat intake is higher than is recommended

Which of the following foods is high in sucrose? (homemade lemonade) or (orange juice) or ( peanuts) or (white bread)

Homemade Lemonade

How does insulin affect blood glucose levels?

Insulin causes blood glucose to enter muscle cells for energy use. Insulin lowers blood glucose levels.

Which is most likely to happen after a meal?

Insulin is released from the pancreas.

Facts about Cholesterol

It is used to synthesize vitamin D It is needed to make bile It is an essential component of animal cell membranes It is needed to make the hormones estrogen and testosterone

Glycogen is stored for later use in

Muscle and liver cells

Why is arachidonic acid NOT considered to be an essential fatty acid?

Our bodies can synthesize arachidonic acid from linoleic acid.

what is an indigestible carbohydrate?

Resistant starch

Which of the following is considered a completely digestible carbohydrate? ( starch) or (insoluble fiber) or (resistant starch) or (soluble fiber)

Starch

Why can't the human body use fiber for energy?

The human body lacks enzymes to digest fiber.

When salivary amylase enters the stomach, it no longer functions to break down starch into smaller pieces. This loss of enzyme function is a result of...

The unfolding or denaturation of the enzyme's natural shape

kwashiorkor facts

They are more susceptible to infections than healthy children They have swollen bellies They have hair color changes They do not grow well

Fact about fatty acids

They have straighter carbon chains than a corresponding cis fatty acid.

Fact about micelles

They help facilitate the absorption of lipids in the small intestine.

enzymes are made from...

amino acids

Pancreatic amylase is an example of a/an

an enzyme

Omega-3 fatty acids have a beneficial effect on blood lipid levels but also reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases because they

are converted into eicosanoids

What is the cause of type 1 diabetes?

autoimmune response

Which of the following dietary changes will help to reduce the intake of hidden fats? (adding less butter to baked potatoes) or ( removing the skin from chicken) or (trimming the fat from steak) or (boiling eggs instead of frying them)

boiling eggs instead of frying them

The digestive enzymes that break disaccharides into monosaccharides are located in the

brush border

Lactose is an example of a/an

carbohydrate

An individual has the following blood lipid levels: 190 mg/100mL cholesterol, 130 mg/100mL LDL-cholesterol, 50 mg/100mL HDL-cholesterol and 160 mg/100mL triglycerides. Which of these blood lipid concentrations is considered to be low risk of cardiovascular disease? (LDL-cholesterol) or (triglycerides) or (HDL-cholesterol) or (cholesterol)

cholesterol

Most dietary lipids are transported from the small intestine through the lymphatic system in

chylomicrons

Which of the following requires oxygen? blood glucose regulation or citric acid cycle or glycolysis

citric acid cycle

How could increasing dietary intake of vitamin E and beta-carotene help to slow the development of atherosclerosis?

decrease the formation of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol

Which of the following is directly correlated with high added sugar intake?

dental caries

maltose is a...

disaccharide

sucrose is a...

disaccharide

A condition in which outpouches (or sacs) form in the wall of the large intestine is called

diverticulosis

Which of the following dietary changes will help to REDUCE cholesterol intake? (using butter instead of margarine) or (drinking almond milk instead of skim milk) or (eating lentils instead of salmon) or (using olive oil instead of peanut oil)

eating lentils instead of salmon

Which part(s) of the grain remain(s) after the refining process?

endosperm

Which is an example of a refined grain?

enriched white bread

Maltase is an example of a/an

enzyme

linoleic and α-linolenic are considered...

essential two considered fatty acids

When excessive carbohydrate is consumed...

excess glucose is converted to fat for energy storage.

Anaerobic metabolism can only take place in the presence of oxygen. (True or false)

false

Metabolism in the absence of oxygen is called aerobic metabolism (true or false)

false

Oligosaccharides are carbohydrates containing many sugar units (greater than 10) linked together. (true or false)

false

After being digested, what molecule(s) is/are lactose absorbed as?

glucose and galactose

Starch is made up of long chains of

glucose molecules

The amount of rise in blood glucose concentration immediately following consumption of a specific food is called

glycemic index

The human storage form of carbohydrate is called

glycogen

Which of the following takes place in the cytosol of the cell? (aerobic metabolism) or (electron transport chain) or (glycolysis) or (citric acid cycle) or (digestion)

glycolysis

Glucagon is an example of a/an

hormone

If a person with type 1 diabetes injects too much insulin what will occur?

hypoglycemia

Which of the following is NOT a means by which fish intake can decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease? (decrease blood triglyceride concentrations) or (decrease inflammation) or (increase low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentrations) or (reduce blood clotting)

increase low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentrations

Which of the following is likely to occur after consuming a 16-oz glass of skim milk first thing in the morning? (increased production of ketone bodies in the liver) or (increased delivery of triglycerides to adipose tissue in chylomicrons) or (increased production of triglycerides in the liver) or (increased release of fatty acids from adipose tissue)

increased production of triglycerides in the liver

Where can you find information about added sugar on a food label?

ingredients list

Cellulose is an example of a/an

insoluble fiber

One result of low carbohydrate intake and/or insufficient glycogen stores is the production of

ketone bodies

The enzyme found in the intestines that digests the sugar found in milk is called

lactase

Legumes are often considered a healthier alternative protein source to meat. This is because...

legumes are higher in fiber than meats

Starch is made up of ...

long chains of glucose molecules.

Which of the following dietary strategies may help to INCREASE the concentration of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol in blood? (soluble fiber consumption) or (omega-9 fatty acid consumption or (moderate alcohol consumption) or (plant sterol consumption)

moderate alcohol consumption

Glucose is an example of a/an

monosaccharide

Increasing fiber intake too quickly may cause

obstruction of the GI tract.

No carbohydrate digestion occurs in the

stomach

digestive tract where chemical digestion of protein occurs

stomach and small intestine

A carbohydrate made up of 3-10 glucose molecules is considered a/an

oligosaccharide

If a mixture of lipids was placed within an aqueous solution, which of the following would likely be found on the outer surface of fat droplets containing the following lipids?

phospholipids

Fiber is an example of a/an

polysaccharide

glycogen is a...

polysaccharide

Transamination

process of transferring an amino group from an amino acid to another molecule to form a second amino acid.

Which of the following is NOT a function of liver cells in lipid metabolism? (synthesis of triglycerides from non-lipid precursors) or (synthesis of cholesterol) or (elimination of cholesterol from the body) or (synthesis of lipoprotein lipase)

synthesis of lipoprotein lipase

The RDA for carbohydrate on the Nutrition Facts label represents

the amount of carbohydrate needed to prevent ketosis.

In what part of the GI tract does fiber digestion occur?

the large intestine

Lactase breaks lactose into glucose and galactose. (true or false)

true