Nutrition Exam Questions

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Based upon expert estimates of nutrient intake by a defined group of healthy people. These are used when there is insufficient scientific evidence to establish an EAR

Dietary Reference Intake

Which of the following are functions of dietary fat

Dissolve and transport micronutrients, contribute to flavor, odor, and texture of food, carry fat-soluble substances through the digestive process, improving intestinal absorption and bioavailability

What is the dangerous pathogen (bacteria) that is being found in our beef supply?

E. coli

The extra calories in foods such as fat and sugar that are not accounted for in the MyPlate suggested daily amounts of food for certain energy intake levels are considered

Empty calories

The nutrient intake level estimated to meet the needs of 50 percent of the individuals in a life-stage and gender group is known as

Estimated Average Requirement

The nutrient intake level estimated to meet the needs of 50% of the individuals in a life-stage and gender group

Estimated Average Requirement

True or False? Adequate Intake (AI) is equivalent to the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)

False

True or False? An apple typically has a high amount of protein while being low in lipids

False

True or False? The results from animal studies are usually directly transferable to humans

False

True or false? A positive effect of consumption of sugar is that it kills harmful bacteria in the mouth

False

True or false? Fructose, glucose, and galactose are good examples of disaccharides

False

True or false? Large amounts of glycogen can be consumed through eating beef or chicken

False

True or false? The body will burn protein first, prior to carbohydrate as a source of energy

False

True or false? The majority of digestion occurs in the large intestine

False

TRUE or FALSE Beets are a good source of iron?

False Beet greens are a good source of iron. The fallacy stems from the fact that beets are red and the redness of foods is not related to the iron content.

Which food group is not shown on the MyPlate icon, suggesting we have little of it in our diet

Fats, Oils, and Sweets

Bacon

Fats, oils and sweets

Cream cheese

Fats, oils and sweets

Sour Cream

Fats, oils and sweets

Prolonged excess intake of fluoride causes

Flurosis

As people from other cultures immigrate to new lands, they will adopt new behaviors consistent with their new homes; however, their _______are the last to change.

Food habits

Select each of the following enzymes that are involved in lipids digestion

Gastric lipase, pancreatic lipase, lingual lipase

A hormone produced by the stomach that stimulates feeding by increasing release of neurpeptide Y

Ghrelin

Corn

Grains

The chief cause of ulcers is

H. pylori bacteria

The "good" cholesterol in your blood

HDL (high density lipoproteins)

Which of the following best describes how the build environment positively impacts (prevents) overweight and obesity rates

Having access to safe green spaces and playgrounds

A comprehensive set of disease prevention and health promotion objectives for the nation

Healthy People 2020

Which organ is not part of your gastrointestinal (GI) tract

Heart

experienced as a negative sensation; the recurrent and involuntary lack of access to food

Hunger

Which of the following is NOT one of the enzymes in the stomach

Hydrochloric acid (Enzymes: pepsin, gastric lipase)

Which nutrient contains the most calories per gram?

Lipids

An organ that produces and secretes bile

Liver

Bile is formed in the __________ and stored in the ________

Liver, gallbladder

Which company buys the most hamburger and potatoes in the US?

McDonald's

Yogurt

Milk/dairy

The best tool to use as a guide to a nutritious diet, for the average American is _________

My Plate

A natural stimulant that is thought to affect athletic performance through facilitating signs between the nervous system and the muscles as well as decreasing an athlete's perceived effort during exercise is

NOT ATP

A factor that can decrease BMR is

NOT being pregnant

endurance training enhances the body's use of _____as fuel

NOT glycogen

When the diet contains more energy than is expended, the excess kcalories

NOT increase the basal metabolic rate

Because of its link with glucose use and insulin, this mineral is sometimes used as a supplement to enhance exercise performance

NOT iron

The preschool years are marked by

NOT more rapid growth than infancy

The major goal for weight reduction in the treatment of obesity is the loss of

NOT weight

The best predictor of your basal metabolic rate is

NOT your exercise pattern

A neurotransmitter widely distributed throughout the brain and peripheral nervous tissue, with activity that has been linked to eating behavior, depression, anxiety, and cardiovascular function

Neuropeptide Y

Which food group is the most important to consume for good health

None is the most important, all are important (Fruits, protein, milk)

Where would you find "Daily Values" used

On a food label

What popular TV personality was sued by the Texas Cattle Producers because of comments made by them against eating beef?

Oprah winfrey

An organ that secretes enzymes and releases hormones that regulate metabolism

Pancreas

Eggs

Protein

Which nutrient is important for normal growth and development for the body (building and repairing body tissue)

Protein

The nutrient intake level that is sufficient to meet the needs of 97-898% of the individuals in a life-stage and gender group

Recommended Dietary Allowance

Which of the following best describes why carbohydrates digestion stops while food is in the stomach

Salivary enzymes lose their ability to continue digestion in an acid environment

Which of the following actions often contribute to an increase in the number of hungry people in a country by limiting access to agricultural supplies, fuel, and food-processing supplies?

Sanctions and embargoes

Using reframing disengagement imagery and self-soothing to reduce or manage negative emotions

Self-monitoring?

What form must food be in to be absorbed and transported throughout your body

Small, movable parts

Which of the following organism creates havoc within the gastrointestinal tract by producing a toxin

Staphylococcus aureaus

________ sweeteners are not as sweet as sugar but less likely to cause tooth decay. They are commonly found in sugar-free gum and mints

Sugar alcohol

The Choose My Plate tool

Suggests food to increase and foods reduce in our diet AND encourages variety nutrient density, calorie control and moderation

Current intake recommendations for fat intake come from both the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010 and the American Heart Association. From the list below, select all current fat intake resommendations

The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range for total fat intake for adults is 20-35 percent of overall calories AND keep trans fat intake as low as possible

What is the main difference between essential and nonessential amino acids

The body can make nonessential amino acids, but it cannot make essential amino acids

What could happen if a person does not consume protein-containing foods

The body will have trouble making certain proteins, which are needed for proper functioning of the body

TRUE or FALSE Your weight depends on the balance between the amount of food you eat and the calories you burn off.

The bottom line is that if a person eats more calories than their body requires, they will gain weight.

Heartburn is caused by

The esophageal sphincter allowing backflow of stomach acid into the esophagus

When there is an excess of nutrients in the body, which of the following will occur

The liver begins storing glucose

All of the following statements about the preexercise meal are true except:

The size and timing of the preexercise meal are not interrelated (connected) (True: The preexercise meal improves performance compared with exercising in the fasted state, the preexercise meal should be high in carbohydrate, the preexercise meal should be low in fat and fiber, the preexercise meal should contain familiar foods

Why are so many snack foods and "dollar" menu items so cheap?

They are heavily subsidized

Which of the following is true of the RDA's

They are high, in order to meet the majority of people's needs

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of fat soluble vitamins

They are vitamins C and B (Are: they are not easily lost in cooking water, they are stored in the body, they may be toxic)

How do prebiotics benefit gastrointestinal health

They stimulate the growth of helpful bacteria in your colon

Which of the following is NOT one of the functions of nutrients/food

To taste good (Functions: Growth, maintenance and development (build and repair body tissue). Regulate body processes. Fuel your body (provide energy))

The maximum level of daily nutrient intake that poses little risk of adverse health effects to almost all of the individuals in a defined group

Tolerable Upper Intake Level

The Dietary References Intakes include a category of some nutrients that we need to be sure not to get too much of. This category is called

Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL)

The most abundant form of fat in food and your body

Triglycerides

If you would follow the dietary guidelines you would likely be eating healthy

True

True or False? A kilocalories is defines as the amount of heat energy needed to raise 1 kilogram of water 1 degree Celsius

True

True or False? A placebo can have an effect on the patient if he or she believes the placebo will work

True

True or False? Carbohydrates contain 4 Kcal/g

True

True or False? Compared to our lifestyle factors, such as smoking and exercise, our food choices are more likely to affect our risk for developing chronic diseases such as heart disease or cancer

True

True or False? Exchange Lists can help individuals plan diets with controlled levels of energy and carbohydrates

True

True or False? Foods high in nutrient density are those that provide substantial amounts of vitamins and minerals and relatively few calories

True

True or False? Recommended Dietary Allowances are the suggested amount of a nutrient that meets the needs of most people in a particular age group

True

True or False? The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) is the daily level that meets the needs of the majority of people (over 97 percent)

True

True or False? The six classes of nutrients in foods are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and water

True

True or False? The study of how different foods can interact with genes to alter a person's risk of developing a chronic disease is called nutrigenomics

True

True or false? Ammonia is toxic to the cells and is expelled into the bloodstream as a waste product and carried to the liver to produce urea and water

True

True or false? Another name for table sugar is sucrose

True

True or false? Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death in the United States

True

True or false? Carotenoids have appeared to help reduce the rate of cataracts, certain cancers, and skin ailments and perhaps immune function

True

True or false? Chyme is a mixture of partially digested food and juices moving from the stomach to the small intestine

True

True or false? Gastric acid is an enzyme that assists in the digestion of starch by breaking starch into many units of the disaccharide maltose

True

True or false? Harmful bacteria can cause gastritis and peptic ulcers

True

True or false? Intrinsic factor is a substance necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12

True

True or false? Metabolic syndrome is when a person has at least 3 of five risk factors that dramatically elevate heart disease risk

True

True or false? Proteins play a major role in the body's immune system

True

TRUE or FALSE You can be overweight and still be malnourished.

True This happens when you eat a lot of no-nutrient value, high calorie foods.

What should you look for on a supplement's label to be assured it actually contains what it states on the label

USP approval

This vegetarian will eat no animal products

Vegan

In the small intestines there are muscosal folds to help increase the absorptive area. _________ are also present to further increase the absorptive area

Villi and microvilli

Fruits and vegetables are high in these 2 Vitamins.

Vitamin A and C

Which of the following is NOT a fat-soluble vitamin

Vitamin C (Fat-soluble: E, A, D)

These are the fat-soluble vitamins

Vitamins A, D, E, and K

This is a government food supplement program providing foods with key nutrients to pregnant women, infants and children up to age 5.

WIC

Which federal program was created to help prevent malnutrition and hunger in childhood

WIC

Chloride is

a component of hydrochloric acid

Lanugo is

a fine downy hair covering the body

When a child wants to eat the same food repeatedly, it is called

a food jag

A food that may provide some health benefit but is not necessarily an essential nutrient.

a functional food

Garlic, which contains sulfur compounds that may reduce heart disease risk, is an example of

a functional food

Which of the following would assist in the absorption of iron

a glass of orange juice

Which of the following foods is the most likely to cause a foodborne infection

a hamburger cooked rare

A body mass index of 32 represents

a high risk for health problems

A pretend or an imitation treatment that looks the same as the "real thing" is called

a placebo

This substance is something a vitamin can be made of if the body needs it. It only becomes active if needed, therefore we cannot get too much of it.

a precursor or provitamin

If you have an illness that is causing you to be deficient in a nutrient, it is called

a secondary deficiency

When reading labels, the number of calories listed is not the number of calories in the entire box or container, but the number per this.

a serving

Too much fat in the arteries that lead to your heart can cause a heart attack. When plaque forms in arteries leading to the brain, this occurs.

a stroke

Which of the following is NOT one of the main processes that allow nutrients to be absorbed from the GI tract into circulation

active diffusion

Tea beverages with enhanced antioxidant content and yogurt with added prebiotics or probiotics are common examples of

additives in functional foods with intended health benefits

Energy needs, in total kilocalories per day, are greater during ____________________ than any other time of life

adolescence

Running a marathon will require your body to use which of the following energy pathways the most

aerobic

Which factor is NOT involved in the development of obesity in childhood

age (behavior, genetics, activity level)

An important function of vitamin K in the body is

aid in blood clotting

What factor(s) contribute(s) to childhood obesity

all (TV watching or playing video games, genetics, high fat, high kcalorie snacks, little physical activity)

Measurements of height, weight, and head circumference over time

all (are used to assess an infant's growth and development, are typically divided into percentiles, should follow a curve when plotted on a growth chart)

Total energy expenditure is estimated from

all (basal metabolic rate, thermic effect of food, physical activity)

A protein deficiency increases the risk of ________ for long-term care residents

all (bed sores/decubiti, poor recovery from illness, slowed recovery from surgery)

Antioxidants are thought to function as anticarcinogens. Which of the following nutrients is classified as an antioxidant

all (beta carotene, vitamin E, vitamin C)

WIC is a program for

all (children up to age 5, newborn and infants, pregnant mothers)

Which of the following practices is most likely to help a binge eater who enters therapy for the disorder

all (counting kilocalories of every food eaten for a week, limiting oneself to a 1,500 kilocalorie per day diet plan, learning to identify emotions so one can express feelings

Which medical condition is less likely to occur in breastfed infants compared to infants who are not breastfed

all (ear infections, allergies, diarrhea)

The advantage(s) of breast feeding is (are)

all (economical. it costs less than formula, convenience. there is nothing to be prepared. sanitation, it is sterile)

which is an important component of nutrition assessment during the preconception period

all (evaluation of a woman's vitamin status, measurement of weight, obtaining information about the use of substances such as alcohol and tobacco)

What do preschool children like to eat

all (familiar foods, foods served at comfortable temperatures, mild flavors, crisp textured foods)

Factor(s) involved in the development of overweight in childhood include

all (genetics, environment, behavior)

A nursing infant is getting enough milk if the infant

all (has 6 or more wet diapers per day, shows normal weight gain, regains their birthweight by 2 weeks)

Obesity is a risk factor for which of the following chronic diseases

all (heart disease, diabetes, cancer)

Which of the following is used to help determine Estimated Energy Expenditure

all (height and weight, age, physical activity level)

The purpose of exercise is to

all (increase muscle flexibility, increase muscle strength, increase endurance)

What is/are the treatment(s) of choice for childhood obesity

all (increase physical activity, decrease intake of high-fat, high kcalorie foods, allow them to grow into their weight)

When an obese diabetic person loses weight, he or she is likely to see an improvement in

all (insulin utilization, glucose tolerance, blood pressure)

What is/are the likely nutritional problem(s) of adolescent girls

all (not drinking milk, so not taking enough calcium, iron-deficiency anemia, anorexia nervosa and bulimia)

Athletes at greatest risk of poor micronutrient status usually

all (restrict energy intake (especially over ling periods), have severe weight-loss practices, eliminate one or more food groups from their diet, rely on foods with a low nutrient density)

Which of the following is NOT a good question to consider prior to buying a supplement

all of the above are good questions (is the quantity enough to have an effect? Who is selling the product? Is the product new to me?)

Which of the following factors is associated with the development of disordered eating or eating disorders

all of these are correct (history of post-traumatic stress disorder, negative self body image, unrealistic expectations to be perfect)

Building blocks of protein

amino acids

These are the basic building blocks of protein.

amino acids

What are the building blocks of protein called?

amino acids

One of the only enzymes that is found in the mouth is

amylase

Hypertrophic obesity results from

an increase in the size of fat cells

How does an infant's protein needs compare to an adult's when measured in grams per kilogram

an infant needs about twice as much protein as an adult

The typical person suffering from Bulimia is

an unmarried Caucasian woman in her twenties or thirties

Infants' nutrient needs are determined by

analysis of breast milk composition

Excess storage of fat located primarily in the abdominal area

android obesity

Dietary heme iron comes from

animal flesh

An eating disorder common among adolescents who have the false image that they are fat.

anorexia

This disorder is characterized by self starvation which leads to an unhealthy, low body weight.

anorexia nervosa

the internal, physiological drive to find and consume food, often experienced as a negative sensation;the recurrent and involuntary lack of access to food

appetite

In choosing what and when to eat, most Americans usually respond to

appetite-related signals, external cues

Fat-soluble vitamins

are slower than water-soluble vitamins to show deficiencies

Select each statement that is true about why direct additives are used in foods

are used to enhance flavor or give desired color, provide leavening or control acidity and alkalinity, improve or maintain nutritional value, maintain product consistency, keep food appetizing and wholesome

Which of the following amino acids is considered to be essential only during periods of rapid growth and development like childhood

arginine

The salivary glands, liver, pancreas, and gallbladder are _______

assisting (or accessory) organs

The average person with bulimia nervosa has a body weight for height that is

at or a bit above normal

Segmentation as a function of the GI tract involves

back and forth contractions that breaks apart the food mass

Which meal contains the highest amount of vitamin C

baked fish with lemon, broccoli, cole slaw, strawberries

For most adults, the greatest portion of their energy expenditure is for

basal metabolism

Which of the following sports is not typically associated with anorexia athletica

basketball

Why do kcalorie needs decrease in the elderly

because of decreased muscle, less activity and decreased metabolism

A common deficiency associated with thiamin is

beriberi

A precursor of vitamin A is

beta-carotene

The pyloric sphincter is located

between the stomach and the duodenum

Which eating disorder is marked by repeated episodes of chronic eating along with a feeling of loss of control

binge-eating disorder

Where is vitamin E primarily stored

body fat

The pattern of fat distribution on the body

body fat distributions

The majority of initial weight loss is most likely the result of the loss of

body fluid

Ninety-nine percent of the calcium in the body is found in

bones and teeth

Over 99 percent of calcium in the body is found within the

bones and teeth

A toxin producing bacterium from improperly canned foods which causes a rare but deadly virus

botulism

Which of the following factors is not a common cause of failure to thrive in infants and small children

breastfeeding past 12 months of age

Select each of the following that are physical consequences of obesity during childhood

breathing problems, increased risk of heart disease, trouble sleeping, diabetes, high blood pressure

It looks like a tree, it's green, it gives you Vitamin A and C, and it is a vegetable.

broccoli

The following foods all contain fat except one: A) nuts B) margarine C) salad dressing D) broccoli

broccoli (d)

Which of the following is NOT a function of lipids

build and repair body tissue (Function: carry fat-soluble vitamins A,D,E,K, Insulate and protect vital organs, Provide energy reserves

This eating disorder usually has a better recovery rate because the person usually realizes what they are doing is not normal.

bulimia

which eating disorders is marked by repeated episodes of binge eating and purging along with a feeling of loss of control

bulimia nervosa

Because they usually are disgusted by their behavior and know it is abnormal, this eating disorder group is usually easier to treat

bulimics

Which of the following statements generally applies to the family backgrounds of people with bulimia nervosa

bulimics did not obtain an adequate sense of security and structure from their families

An average 1-year old requires about ______ kilocalories per day

c850 to 1,000

A natural stimulant that is thought to affect athletic performance through the central nervous system and improve exercise capacity is

caffeine

The active form of vitamin D is

calcitriol

The dairy group is a main supplier of the nutrient

calcium

The mineral found in the body in the most abundance is

calcium

The mineral that helps us have strong bones and teeth.

calcium

Vitamin D is essential in the proper absorption and metabolism of

calcium and phosphorus

Select each of the following that are true regarding lead toxicity in children

can result in slow growth and iron-deficiency anemia, can damage brain and the central nervous system, children with adequate intakes or iron, calcium, and zinc show less incidence of lead toxicity

Three of the following foods are good sources of potassim, this one is not: A) bananas B) canned peaches C) oranges D) potatoes

canned peaches (b)

To replace saturated fats with monounsaturated fats in your diet, you could use ________ instead of _________

canola oil, butter

A key ingredient of pre-exercise meals is

carbohydrate

A pre-exercise meal/snack should have this nutrient as it's main component.

carbohydrate

Nutritionists recommend that 50% or more of your daily calories should come from this nutrient.

carbohydrate

Protein combined with ___________ in a postexercise meal increases glycogen synthesis more than just carbohydrate alone

carbohydrate alone

A practice that is sometimes used by athletes for endurance events which loads up their easiest to burn energy and extends their performance time before they "hit the wall" is called

carbohydrate loading

This practice may be used by endurance athletes once or twice a year to extend their available energy for as long as possible before they "hit the wall".

carbohydrate loading

Sugars, starches, and dietary fibers are examples of

carbohydrates

The enzyme (from previous question) works on the nutrient group __________

carbohydrates

Energy-yielding nutrients (those providing kcalories) include

carbohydrates, proteins, and fats

Which of the following common foods provide the highest nutrient density for vitamin A (ug/kcal)

carrots

Which of the following is NOT part of the small intestine

cecum (Parts: duodenum, ileum, jejunum)

Individuals with _____________ disease cannot properly digest gluten found in wheat, rye, and oats

celiac

Intrinsic factor is produced by

cells in the stomach

Which of the following is not considered a pathogenic organism

chemicals

All of the following foods are high in sodium except one: A) sauerkraut B) pickles C) olives D) hotdogs E) chicken

chicken (e)

Introducing foods by the "one-bite" option means that the

child takes at least one bite of the foods presented

Vitamin A deficiency is rare in North America and Western Europe, however it is the leading cause of _________ worldwide

childhood blindness

People with bulimia nervosa often have low

chloride levels

A waxy like substance that clogs arteries and veins.

cholesterol

There are two types of fat in your blood, triglycerides and this one, which we try to eat less of.

cholesterol

Because of its link with glucose use and insulin, this mineral is sometimes used as a supplement to enhance exercise performance

chromium

_______help glucose be taken up by cells

chromium

The series of chemical reactions that take place in the cell's mitochondria to produce energy is called the ______

citric acid cycle

Most of out fluoride intake is from

city water

Which of the following substances crosses the placenta and enters into the fetus

cocaine, alcohol, marijuana

Most B vitamins function as

coenzymes

Prospectively recording information about behavior to identify the antecedents the behaviors of interest and the consequences

cognitive coping?

Which of the following will NOT denature a protein's shape

cold temperatures (Will: changes in alkalinity, changes in acidity, oxidation)

The first fluid from the breast, abundant in immune factors produced by the mother after birth is called

colostrum

Which type of weight-management approach is characterized as providing group or individual counseling and support while also selling prepackaged foods and nutritional supplements

commercial program

This is the process of putting two incomplete proteins together to create a complete protein.

complementing

These foods are an important source of energy, low in calories, and athletes load up on them before an event.

complex carbohydrates

Eating a high-fiber diet during pregnancy is likely to prevent

constipation, hemorroids, heartburn

The following statement(s) about recovery nutrition is/are true

consume 24 oz of fluid every pound of bosy weight loss and consume 16 oz of fluid for every pound of bosy weight loss

The most likely cause of vitamin A toxicity would be

consuming high levels of vitamin A supplements

To reduce the risk of cancer, the American Cancer society recommends all of the following except

controlling blood pressure (Recommends: maintaining a healthy weight, limiting alcohol consumption, eating a variety of foods with an emphasis on plant sources)

Much of our industrial Produced Food comes from what food (crop)?

corn

What's the main ingredient in animal feed?

corn

What is the primary source of protein in standard infant formulas

cow's milk

Which baby has the greatest risk for a deficiency of vitamin D

dark-skinned infant living in Alaska

The process of "unwinding" or taking apart a protein

denaturation

The process of "unwinding" or taking apart a protein.

denaturation

Android obesity (waist circumference of >40 inches for men, and >35 inches for women) is associated with increased risk of ______ and _____

diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease

The digestive system's main functions are

digestion and absorption

As as emulsifier, bile is needed for the

digestion of fat

Which of the following causes is not considered a political disruption to food distribution?

droughts

Which of the following is defined as a substance intended to diagnose, cure, mitigate, treat, or prevent disease

drug

The majority of digestion occurs in the

duodenum

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT regarding food labels

each manufacturer must decide what size serving they will use (Correct: The B vitamins are no longer required to be on the labels, they are regulated by the FDA, health claims are limited to a few of which have been proven)

All of the following are warning signs of Anorexia Nervosa EXCEPT

eating large quantities of food when eating out (Signs: loss of a significant amount of weight, amenorrhea (cessation of the mentrual period), preoccupation with food, calories, nutrition, and/or cooking)

They come from chickens; they give you protein just like meat, but they are also high in cholesterol, so we should only eat 2-3 per week.

eggs

Vitamin B is composed of how many compounds

eight

Consuming carbohydrates during exercise lasting one hour or longer

enhances physical performance and maintains blood glucose levels

A grain product with added thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, folic acid, and iron to replace those nutrients lost or diminished in food processing is

enriched

Replacing lost nutrients in foods is called

enrichment

Failure of the _____ sphincer will cause food to slide from the stomach back into the esophagus

esophageal

Nutrients that must be taken in through the diet because the body cannot make them are called

essential nutrients

The body cannot make this group of amino acids

essential or indispensable amino acids

Which of the following is NOT a function of the GI tract

exchange of oxygen within the blood vessels (Functions: movement of undigested material, secretion of digestive enzymes, transport of ingested food)

Chloride resides mainly in_______fluid and is critical for transporting nerve impulses and to maintaining acid-base balance

extracellular

A meal of steak and eggs is recommended for athletes before a game

false

Almost all physicians, dietitians, and nutrition scientists know that pregnant women will instinctively choose a diet providing all the necessary nutrients in approximately the recommended amounts

false

Athletes can safely use their thirst as an accurate indicator of how many fluid they need

false

Athletes should consume diets with less than 15 percent of their kcalories coming from fat

false

Because of a child's desire for sweets, they work well and are good to use as a reward

false

Breast size is an indicator of whether mothers will be successful with breast feeding

false

Honey is a good source of quick energy before a game

false

If a small amount of a vitamin is good, then a lot will always be better

false

Natural vitamins are superior to synthetic vitamins

false

Only liquid water can count as the water in the recommended adult intake of six to eight glasses per day

false

TRUE or FLASE The vitamins and minerals in "natural" and "health" foods are better for you than the vitamins and minerals in regular foods.

false

Thirst is an accurate indicator of fluids needed during exercise

false

To be Marketed and sold, nutritional ergogenic aids must meet rigorous government standards for safety, efficacy, potency, and legality

false

True or false? A negative energy balance occurs when you take in more calories than you need, and a positive energy balance occurs when you take in fewer calories than you need

false

True or false? A tell-tale warning sign for bulimia nervosa is a rapid change in body weight

false

True or false? A typical pregnancy lasts about 36 weeks

false

True or false? A water loss of 10% of body wight can cause coma and death

false

True or false? An individual's risk for developing atherosclerosis can be predicted by assessing total cholesterol more so then assessing either blood low-density lipoproteins or high-density lipoproteins in the blood

false

True or false? Anaerobic training builds endurance, which increases the number of mitochondria and improves the body's ability to deliver adequate amounts of oxygen to the mitochondria

false

True or false? Android obesity, or "apple shape," has fat predominantly distributed higher up around the abdomen and is more common in women, posing a higher health risk than gynoid obesity

false

True or false? Bone loss during amenorrhea which results as part of the female athlete triad is not as extreme as that which occurs during natural menopause, and typically does not result in further consequences

false

True or false? Bread is often fortified with vitamin D

false

True or false? Calcium is the most common nutrient deficiency among the US children

false

True or false? Carbohydrate loading starts about three weeks before an event, with glycogen content more than doubling in the athletes who follow a regimented high-carbohydrate program

false

True or false? Chloride is not a compound of table salt

false

True or false? Cholesterol is considered essential because it cannot be produced in the body

false

True or false? Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) tends to be based on controlled research

false

True or false? Consuming sugar-laden foods causes hyperactivity

false

True or false? Dietary supplements are regulated by the FDA in the same manner that all prescription and over-the-counter drugs are

false

Which has more vitamin C

1 C strawberry halves

The recommended range of protein intake for athletes is

1.2 to 1.7 g of protein/kg/day

The number of lbs that equal a kg.

2.2

A cup of water contains haw many cc's

240

A cup of water contains how many mls

240

To be on a low cholesterol diet, you must keep your milligrams of cholesterol this low.

300 milligrams

How many kcalories equal one pound of body weight

3500

The number of kcalories that equals 1 pound of weight.

3500

Alcohol contains

7 Kcal/g

1 gram of alcohol

7 kilocalories

Fat contains ________ Kcal/g

9

Fat has this many calories per gram, and protein and carbohydrate have four calories per gram.

9

The number of kcalories per gram for fat

9

True or false? Eating carbohydrates two to three hours prior to exercise often causes athletes to feel sluggish and bloated and should be avoided

false

True or false? Eating disorders are usually a temporary or mild change in eating patterns

false

The small intestine is divided into three parts. Which is the correct order (from the beginning in descending order)

Duodenum, jejunum, ileum

A survey that measures the prevalence and severity of food insecurity and hunger is:

Food Security Supplement survey

The organization responsible for the food label is the

Food and Drug Administration

Banana

Fruits

An organ that stores and concentrated bile from the liver

Gallbladder

The only form of sugar found in the blood that your body uses

Glucose

True or false? Family history is a risk for type 1 diabetes mellitus, but family history is not a risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus

false

True or false? For exercise lasting less than one hour, sports drinks containing carbohydrate are necessary to promote rapid absorption and to maintain hydration and energy levels

false

True or false? Generally, medications so not pass through breast milk and it is safe for mothers who are taking most prescription or over-the-counter medications to breastfed their babies

false

True or false? Irradiation is a process that destroys pathogenic bacteria by heating liquid foods to a prescribed temperature for a specified amount of time

false

Compared to 50 years age Americans today have a higher incidence of obesity primarily because we

Have less physical activity

True or false? It is possible that the genetic modifications that give crops the ability to kill insects can migrate to weeds that are growing nearby

false

True or false? Manufacturers must have approval from the FDA prior to marketing a supplement

false

True or false? Most patients with anorexia nervosa are cured after they are discharged from the hospital or treatment program

false

True or false? Most people overestimate the amount of food they consume

false

The mineral that is necessary for the proper functioning of the thyroid gland is:

Iodine

Why is your gastrointestinal (GI) tract an essential part of your body

It turns the food you eat into nutrients

A hormone produced by adipose cells that signals the amount of body fat content and influences food intake

Leptin

Using sports drinks to replace electrolytes is suggested for activities that last a minimum of ____ hours

NOT 2

A coordinated wave-like muscular contraction that propels food down the GI tract is called

Peristalsis

The major nutrients are

Protein, CHO, vitamins, water, minerals, fat

Which of the following statements best describes enzymes

Proteins that speed up chemical reactions but are not altered in the process

Glands in the mouth that release saliva

Salivary glands

True or false? Niacin is crucial to DNA synthesis and cell division, amino acid metabolism, and the maturation of red blood cells and other cells

false

True or false? Good dental hygiene, adequate fluoride, and a well-balanced diet are all key components for strong tooth formation will help prevent cavity formation

True

True or false? The GI tract is also known as the alimentary canal

True

True or false? Obesity is rare among low-income food-insecure groups due to a poor diet accompanied by disordered eating patterns.

false

True or false? Over the last 10 years the number of vegetarians has doubled in the United States

false

True or false? People with elevated high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels appear to have an increased risk of heart disease and stroke

false

True or false? Phytochemicals are complex plant chemicals that are essential for life

false

If you have diabetes, you need to watch food labels, particularly for this content per serving.

carbohydrate content

Pre-exercise meals should consist primarily of

carbohydrates

When you eat a sandwich and drink a glass of fruit juice, your GI tract breaks down the starch into glucose, a process referred to as:

catabolism

Fiber helps prevent this kind of cancer.

colon cancer

Persons with family history of _____are more likely to develop eating disorders

depression

Along with insulin and exercise, fiber also helps in the management of this disease.

diabetes

Exchange Lists were originally developed to help people with

diabetes

Increasing ________ is one of the most effective treatments for bowel and bladder problems

dietary fiber and fluids

Products that are intended to supplement the diet but are not conventional food or meals are known as

dietary supplements

The breaking apart of foods into smaller and smaller units is called

digestion

To get the nutrients you need, you must do the following: A) take vitamins B) eat large amounts of meat C) eat plenty of fruits and vegetables D) be a vegetarian E) eat a variety of foods from the food group

eat a variety of foods from the food groups? (e)

Allergic reaction; gastrointestinal side effect

echinacea

this is the part of the egg that is high in protein but has no cholesterol.

egg white

Proteins that speed up chemical reactions without being used up or destroyed in the process are called

enzymes

______ are used in the digestive systems to help break carbohydrates down into _______

enzymes, glucose

Which type of research study will compare disease rates among population groups and attempt to identify related conditions or behaviors

epidemiological

Which types of research study compares disease rates among population groups and attempts to identify related conditions or behaviors

epidemiological

Increasing protein intake will build muscle

false

Milk is a very good source of iron

false

True or false? Taking protein supplements or eating high-protein diets is an effective way to lose fat and gain muscle mass

false

True or false? Ten to 15 minutes of daily sunshine will provide an adequate supply of vitamin C

false

True or false? The RDA for vitamin C is 60 milligrams per day for men and 45 milligrams per day for women

false

True or false? The body can typically make nine essential amino acids

false

True or false? The estimated total kilocalorie intake increases as age advances

false

True or false? The majority of protein digestion occurs in the stomach

false

True or false? Plant food mineral content is typically pretty consistent, whereas animal-foods mineral content is more likely to vary

false

True or false? st. John's wort, gingseng, ginkgo biloba, and licorice are examples of herbal remedies known to be potentially dangerous for people taking medication for cardiovascular disease

false

Chronic pain in the upper abdomen that has no obvious physical cause is referred to as

functional dyspepsia

A food that may provide a health benefit beyond basic nutrition is known as a

functional food

Which of the following statements is true

human milk contains more cholesterol than infant formulas

Fluid found inside the cells is called

intracellular

Which toxicity can result in slow growth and iron-deficiency anemia and can damage the brain and central nervous system

lead

Headache, fluid retention, increased blood pressure, electrolyte imbalance, weakness, paralysis, and occasionally brain damage

licorice

A typical girl has achieved about 95 percent of her adult height by

menarche

Fetal alcohol syndrome causes

mental retardation

The major problem with fast foods for adolescents is that these are

often high in fat and kcalories and often low in calcium and fiber

These types of fatty acids have been shown to decrease the risk of abnormal heartbeats, decrease triglyceride levels, slow the rate of atherosclerosis, and slightly lower blood pressure

omega-3 fatty acids

Examples of ________ fatty acids include seeds, nuts, and vegetable oils

omega-6

You can season your food with all these except this one to keep it low in salt: A) lemon juice B) vinegar C) onion salt D) garlic powder E) fresh herbs

onion salt (c)

Which of the following foods is not a common food allergen for infants

rice

This type of formula is lactose-free, iron-fortified, and the main carbohydrate sources are corn syrup and sucrose

soy-based formula

_____is an example of a neural tube defect in infants

spina bifida

Carbohydrates are fuel nutrients and come from these two types of foods.

starches and sugars

If a food is labeled "enriched" that means that

the nutrients that were lost during processing have been put back in

True or false? Elders are more susceptible to infection and other types of illness

true

Being overweight can increase your risk of all the following except one: A) hypertension or high blood pressure B) heart disease C) ulcers D) diabetes

ulcers (C)

When you eat more protein than you need, your kidneys excrete______in urine, and your liver uses carbon skeletons to produce energy glucose, or fat

urea

Select each of the following vitamins and minerals which are of most concern in adolescence because they play important roles in adolescent growth

vitamin A, iron, and calcium

A deficiency of this vitamin will eventually result in the disease scurvy

vitamin C

This vitamin's chemical name is ascorbic acid.

vitamin C

True or false? Prions are chemicals used to control and kill insects and fungi on plants and fruit that we eat

false

True or false? Protein-energy malnutrition is most common in Europe and the United States

false

True or false? Salting, drying, or fermenting foods creates an environment in which bacteria are able to easily multiply

false

True or false? Secondary behavior in children, such as long periods of television watching, is thought to be unrelated to the development of dietary eating habits of children

false

True or false? The most common types of dietary supplements used in the United States are over-the-counter weight loss products

false

True or false? The onset of osteoporosis occurs rapidly and usually as a result of a fall, or hip injury

false

True or false? The surgeon general recommends avoiding phytochemicals in the diet

false

True or false? Vegetarians typically have a higher incidence of colon cancer and heart disease

false

True or false? Water-soluble vitamins are stored in the body

false

True or false? Weight-cycling is pattern of losing weight and modifying the diet to keep the weight off.

false

True or false? Wheat bran and phytate (e. g., whole grains, nuts, and seeds) and oxlate (e.g., spinach) increase calcium absorption

false

Vitamin and mineral supplements are needed by most athletes

false

TRUE or FALSE Diabetes is caused from eating too many sweets.

false Diabetes is a disease of the pancreas caused by heredity, a virus, is sometimes drug induced, and can be brought on by obesity.

TRUE or FALSE When using sugar, it is better to use raw sugar or honey because they contain less calories than white sugar.

false Honey (22 calories per teaspoon) contains more calories than white sugar (16 calories per teaspoon).

TRUE or FALSE Margarine contains fewer calories than butter.

false Margarine and butter both contain 45 calories per teaspoon. But most margarines are polyunsaturated where butter contains saturated fat and is high in cholesterol.

TRUE of FALSE Vitamins and minerals add calories to food.

false Only carbohydrates, proteins, and fats provide calories in the diet.

Cake icing, butter, margarine, salad dressing, gravy, and cheese or cream sauce all have a high content of this nutrient that we need less of.

fat

If you have a gallbladder disease, you need to eat a diet low in this nutrient.

fat

Most American eat too much of this nutrient, especially in saturated form.

fat

In situations when the body cannot use glucose for energy, such as in the case with diabetes, cells turn to _______ as an energy source

fat and protein

Vitamins are classified as

fat soluble and water soluble

A clinical symptom of iron-deficiency anemia is

fatigue and pale skin

Which of the following statements is true with regards to sociocultural influences on obesity

fatness is increasing in the United States, and so is idealized wight

The most kcalorie dense food sources are

fats

All types of plant foods, but not animal sources of food, contain this type of carbohydrate

fiber

This CHO aids in relieving constipation and diarrhea by it's ability to absorb water.

fiber

This is found in whole grain breads and cereals, nuts, legumes, and raw fruits and vegetables.

fiber

Which of the following groups, based on recent research, is likely to live the longest

fit, overweight men/women

This mineral is added to municipal water supplies and important for strong tooth enamel.

flouride

This is very important to increase when you increase the fiber content of your diet

fluid

This is very important to increase when you increase the fiber content of your diet.

fluid

The body is said to be in water balance when

fluid intake equals output

This is very important to increase at the same time you increase fiber in your diet.

fluid/water

The mineral added to water that helps prevent tooth decay is

fluoride

A defect in the formation of the neural tube during early fetal development can occur from a deficiency of

folate

Spina befida is an example of a neural tube defect. Women are being urged to take supplements of _____ before conception to decrease the risk of these birth defects

folate

Spina bifida and heart disease have been associated with a deficiency in which of the following

folate

The nutrient that decreases the risk of neural tube defects is

folic acid

This nutrient is vital for pregnant women to have early in their pregnancy to help prevent neural tube defects.

folic acid

Which of the following is defined as a product that we eat or drink as well as all of the components of that product

food

An anxiety about having enough to eat or running out of money to purchase food is called

food insecurity

The primary food security program that helps participants purchase food but not nonfood items is called the

food stamp program

A reliable food source of vitamin D is

fortified milk

A substance continually produced in our cells that over time may cause damage to DNA and other important cell structures is known as a

free radical

This substance "bounces around" inside us, damaging cells and contributing to the aging process. Antioxidants help "neutralize" them.

free radicals

Typically, candies, soft drinks, deserts, and jellies are high in

fructose

Apples, peaches, oranges, and pears are all part of this group that we need 2-4 servings of daily.

fruit group

What food groups do most of us need more of and are your "good friends"?

fruits and vegetables

This monosaccharide does not usually exist in food by itself, but is joined to other sugars to form disaccharides, starch, or dietary fiber

galactose

Bile is stored and concentrated in the

gall bladder

The primary function of the ________is to store and concentrate bile from the liver

gallbladder

This surgery is often used as a last resort to "force" the person to lose weight.

gastric bypass (gastroplasty or stomach stapling)

Which is NOT a maternal physiological change

gastrointestinal motility speeds up to get mote nutrients to the fetus (fat stores increase to provide energy for late pregnancy and lactation, blood volume expands by nearly 50 percent, breast tissues prepare for lactation)

The most common surgical procedure for treating morbid obesity is

gastroplasty or gastric bypass

GRAS measn

generally recognized as safe

The type of diabetes that develops as a result of pregnancy, and usually goes away once the pregnancy is over is called

gestational diabetes

The first phase of adolescent physical growth is

getting taller

Headache, nausea, gastrointestinal upset, diarrhea, dizziness, allergic skin reactions, increased bleeding risk

ginkgo biloba

The only form of sugar found in the blood that your body uses.

glucose

The primary fuel in the body is

glucose

All of the following amino acids are essential EXCEPT

glutamate (Essential: valine, tryptophan, phenylalanine)

The storage form of CHO

glycogen

The storage form of CHO.

glycogen

A deficiency of iodine can cause a

goiter

Which of the following is NOT a mandatory requirement for a food label

gross weight of contents (Requirements: nutrition information, name and address of manufacturer, statement of identity)

A pattern of fat being predominantly distributed around the hips and thighs, more common in women, is known as

gynoid obesity

excess storage of fat located primarily in the buttocks and theighs

gynoid obesity

The statement "I need to run 10 miles or get some laxatives," is probably said by a person who

has bulimia nervosa

The contents of the gallbladder and pancreas enter

he duodenum

A diet too high in cholesterol may lead to this disease.

heart disease

Which type of food iron is most efficiently absorbed

heme iron

A high sodium intake is associated with one of the following health problems. A) arthritis B) kidney disease C) high blood pressure

high blood pressure (c)

Which characteristics do PHF (potentially hazardous foods) have

high protein, high moisture, and low acidity

Select each of the following that are considered goals of the genetic modification of foods

higher crop yields, lower costs, increased amount of critical nutrients, creating a healthier mix of plant oils)

Ingredients should be posted in order of

highest concentration to lowest concentration

Which of the following is NOT classified as one of the ten nonessential amino acids

histidine (Nonessential: asparagine, serine, alanine)

Vitamin D is considered both a vitamin and a(n)

hormone

Which of the following would be the worst choice in a pre-game meal?

hot dogs

Water needs of a 4-month-old infant who does not eat solids are best met by

human milk or formula

_________ kills many disease-causing bacteria that may have been ingested

hydrochloric acid

The chemical process where a unsaturated fat is turned into a saturated fat

hydrogenation

The chemical process where a unsaturated fat is turned into a saturated fat.

hydrogenation

Having more fat cells than average is called ____ obesity

hypercellular

An abnormally high blood glucose level is called

hyperglycemia

The most successful treatment for anorexia nervosa involves

impatient psychological, nutritional, and medical therapy, often involving the whole family

A good idea for preventing constipation it to

include more high-fiber foods intake

Which of the following does not describe a physiological change of aging

increase in taste sensitivity

Which of the following dietary guidelines is INCORRECT

increase intake of fats and oils high in saturated and trans fatty acids (Correct: increase fruits and vegetables, limit foods with refined grains and added sugar, reduce your sodium intake)

Which is NOT part of the recommended nutrition guidelines for vegetarians

increase intake of refined foods (Part: choose a variety of fruits, choose a variety of vegetables, include nuts, seeds, and legumes)

If the elderly would increase physical activity they could

increase muscle strength and mobility

The age-related change of increased gastric pH production will impact nutrient requirements in which of the following ways the most

increase need for vitamin B12, folic acid, calcium, iron, and zinc

Which of the following is NOT a sign of dehydration

increased appetite (Signs: elevated heart rate at given exercise intensity, decreased performance, increased rate or perceived exertion during activity)

The female athlete triad includes all of the following EXCEPT

increased red blood cell volume (Includes: disordered eating, ammenorhea, osteoporosis)

Trans fatty acids are associated with

increasing blood cholesterol levels

Trans fatty acids are associated with

increasing heart disease risk

Protein needs are higher during ____than at any other time in the life cycle

infancy

This stage of life is when we have the highest requirement for both kcalories and protein for our weight.

infancy

Which individual should have the highest percentage of protein in his or her diet

infant

Select each of the correct statements regarding insulin

insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas, insulin production is stimulated by the intake of fat and amino acids

This is required for B12 to be absorbed through the stomach lining.

intrinsic factor

What mineral deficiency is the largest cause of preventable brain damage and impaired psychomotor development in the developing world?

iodine

The most dependable and abundant source of iodine in the American diet is

iodized salt

A low serum (blood) concentration of hemoglobin is most associated with a deficiency of

iron

Infants are born with a supply of this nutrient that will last them about 4-6 months.

iron

The increased breakdown of red blood cells in the foot capillaries of long distance runners contributes to a low status of which nutrient

iron

The most common mineral deficiency in the world is

iron

The protein group is a main supplier of

iron

This mineral regulates our red blood cells and keeps us from being anemic.

iron

Which mineral deficiency is the most common worldwide

iron

Which mineral is known for transporting oxygen in blood

iron

Which combination of nutrients are the most difficult to consume in sufficient amounts by healthy pregnant women who eat well-balanced diets

iron, folate

During childhood, the group of vitamins that require the most concern include

iron, zinc, vitamin E, and vitamin D

What is a good first food to offer an infant

iron-fortified rice cereal

Cow's milk should not be used in infant feeding until the infant

is 1 year old

The gestational diabetes that disappears at delivery

is linked to development of diabetes later in life

Whole cow's milk should be avoided during infancy because it

is too high in protein

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of breastfeeding for the mother

it is a reliable form of birth control (it is inexpensive, breastfeeding stimulates uterine contractions which helps the uterus return to normal size, possible savings in health care costs for the infant)

Preconception healthcare is most important for a woman who wants to have a baby because

it is important to resolve health concerns that could harm he or her baby

What is the main advantage for introducing one new food at a time to an infant

it will be easier to identify foods that cause allergic reactions

Which if the following is a water-insoluble fibrous protein that is responsible for string hair and nails

keratin

This is what forms when the body burns too much of it's body fat and doesn't have enough CHO to "get the fire roaring"

ketones

This is what forms when the body burns too much of it's body fat and doesn't have enough CHO to "get the fire roaring".

ketones

When no carbohydrates are available, fat is burned for energy and is not completely broke down. That causes these acidic compounds to form

ketosis

Excess amounts of most water-soluble vitamins are excreted by the

kidneys

A protein deficiency resulting in swelling of the body tissue primarily in the feet, legs, and belly is called

kwashiorkor

The energy system that is the speediest ans simplest access to glucose and doesn't require oxygen is the

lactic acid energy system

Milk sugar is known as

lactose

The kind of sugar found in milk

lactose

The kind of sugar found in milk.

lactose

Adequate iron intake is a general concern for children. From the list of foods, select those that are good sources or iron

legumes, broccoli, poultry, ground beef, orange and yellow colored vegetables, raisins

Which of the following is a characteristic of the organism Escherichia coli

likely sources include raw or undercooked meat

How fat travels in the blood

lipoprotein

How fat travels in the blood?

lipoprotein

Once absorbed, amino acids travel from the small intestine via the portal vein to the

liver

The organ that stores nutrients and also detoxifies is the

liver

The organ which produces bile is the

liver

Which organ stores and releases glucose as needed to maintain blood sugar levels

liver

The main cause of diverticulosis is due to a diet

low in fiber

Characteristics of the DASH diet include which of the following

low-fat dairy products, low in total fat, low in saturated fat, low in cholesterol, rich in fruits and vegetables

Compared to men, the basal metabolism rate of women is

lower

Which of the following is not one of the three parts of the small intestine

macrodenum

The Exchange Lists define groups in terms of

macronutrient content

Carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids are considered

macronutrients

Failure to achieve nutrient requirements, which can impair physical and mental health, is called

malnutrition

Two glucose molecules joined together form

maltose

Which is NOT a common monosaccharide found in the diet

maltose

reducing negative self-talk increasing positive self talk and challenging beliefs that undermine your resolve and contribute to negative emotions

managing emotions?

In the mouth, __________ is the mechanical process which breaks up food

mastication

This is the technical name for chewing.

mastication

The typical American diet is usually high in

meats and potatoes

All of the following are typical symptoms of foodborne illness EXCEPT

memory loss (diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal cramps)

During vitamin absorption, water-soluble vitamins are absorbed into the bloodstream, whereas fat-soluble vitamins are carried to the brush border for absorption by

micelles

It comes from cows. it makes cheese, and it gives you protein and calcium.

milk

It is the best source of calcium in our diet.

milk

The most nutrient dense food source of calcium with high bioavailability is

milk and milk products

This group provides an important mineral, calcium, and a significant source of protein in our diet that we need 2-3 servings daily.

milk group

Calcium, phosphorous, iron, and potassium are examples of this important nutrient that helps you grow and helps your body use food.

minerals

Which of the following is an inorganic nutrient?

minerals

The power plant within a cell that contains many of the breakdown pathways that produce energy is the

mitochondrion

All CHO must be broken down into these before they can be absorbed

monosaccharides

All CHO must be broken down into these before they can be absorbed.

monosaccharides

Which is NOT considered a lipid

monosaccharides (Lipids: sterols, triglycerides, phospholipids)

Type of fat recommended to raise good cholesterol.

monounsaturated/polyunsaturated

The largest seed company in the world is?

monsanto

According to CDC date on obesity trends, which of the following states had the lowest rate of obesity in the year 2010

montana

Which of the following statements is FALSE

most people with eating disorders will be cured if treated early (True: anorexics "feel fat" despite their low body weight, many anorexics have experienced an emotional trauma in their past, bulimics usually realize their behavior is abnormal)

These are two of the most common symptoms of foodborne illness.

nausea and vomiting

A severely ill person would likely have which of the following nitrogen balances

negative

A dislike for anything new or unfamiliar is called

neophobia

Which of the following biological factors appears to influence the development of eating disorders

neurotransmitter levels in the brain

The body needs __________ to synthesize fatty acids

niacin

The vitamin that is currently being used to lower blood cholesterol levels is

niacin

Tryptophan is a precursor of

niacin

The element that gives protein it's unique body building properties

nitrogen

Which of the following is NOT one of the most common additives

nitrogen

Some behaviors adopted by those with bulimia nervosa to avoid gaining weight include all the following except

none (self-induced vomiting, use of laxatives, excessive exercise)

Some behaviors adopted by those with bulimia nervosa to avoid gaining weight include all of the following except

none of these are correct (Self-induced vomiting, use of laxatives, excessive exercise)

The nutrient content of a food, compared to its total kcalories (or as I like to refer to it - the "pricetag" of the food), is referred to as

nutrient density

Select each of the following characteristics of type 1 diabetes mellitus

occurs in people younger than 30 and often develops suddenly, symptoms include excessive thirst, frequent urination, rapid weight loss and blurred vision, although blood glucose levels are high, the lack of insulin prevents glucose from entering cells to be burned for energy, glucose has trouble entering body cells because either the pancreas cannot produce insulin or cells in the body become resistant to the action of insulin

One of the following foods helps to increase iron absorption: A) milk B) spinach C) whole wheat bread D) orange juice

orange juice (d) Vitamin C or ascorbic acid improves absorption of iron from either food sources or supplements.

The best source of most B vitamins are

organ meats, breads and cereals, pork

Using high doses of a nutrient to treat or prevent disease is called

orthomolecular nutrition

Long term lack of enough calcium in the diet can cause this disease.

osteoporosis

The female athlete triad combines disordered eating with what other condition

osteoporosis and amenorrhea

A condition caused by overeating and not enough activity.

overweight or obesity

By the end of a marathon, approximately 98 percent of your muscles' needs are met by the

oxygen energy system

Which energy burning systems will breakdown and use both CHO and Fat for energy

oxygen energy system

Which energy system can extract energy from fat as well as glucose

oxygen energy system

Which of the following energy system is aerobic (require oxygen in order to work)

oxygen energy system

Which of the following groups would be most at risk for potassium deficiency

patients taking diuretics

All of the following foods except this are good sources of protein: A) meat B) milk C) pears D) nuts

pears (c)

which of the following statements is true with regards to sociocultural influences on obesity

people residing in the Southern United States have a higher incidence of obesity

This is the wave like muscular action that moves food along the digestive system.

peristalsis

Waves of muscular contraction which push food down the esophagus are part of

peristalsis

Which mineral is a component of ATP, DNA, and RNA, a component of the mineral complex hydroxyapatite in bone, and is abundant in our food supply

phosphorus

The practice of eating nonfood substances such as clay or laundry starch during pregnancy is called

pica

Which type of fatty acid has two or more carbon double bonds

polyunsaturated

This item has no fat. It mainly contains sugar and far too much is consumed by the average American (and is "evil" according to your instructor).

pop/soda

Both cholesterol and saturated fat in foods can increase blood cholesterol. This food contains cholesterol along with saturated fat: A) palm oil B) pork lard C) peanut butter D) shortening made from vegetable fat

pork lard (b)

Once in the bloodstream, carbohydrates travel to the liver through the _________

portal vein

when a person eats more than they need they have a

positive energy balance

Too much of this mineral can slow and eventually stop the heart, therefore supplementation should be taken only under the care of a physician

potassium

Salt substitute is a combination of these two minerals.

potassium and chloride

The most important underlying reason for chronic hunger is

poverty

Which infant formula s typically the least expensive

powdered

Impaired glucose tolerance that results in a blood glucose level that is higher than normal yet not high enough to be diagnosed as diabetes is known as

pre-diabetes

A substance from which the body can manufacture a vitamin is called

precursor

Which is added to foods to prevent spoilage and increase shelf life

preservatives

Between potato chips and pretzels, This one is the better low fat choice of snack food.

pretzels

To reduce the risk of cancer, a person should decrease fat consumption and increase consumption of all of the following except

processed grains (Increase: fiber, vegetables, fruits)

The most common cause of low blood potassium include

prolonged vomiting, chronic diarrhea, laxative abuse, and use of diuretics

The constant recycling of protein in the body is known as

protein turnover

Three of the six nutrients that are essential for the body's good nutrition.

proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water

Besides nutrients to make us grow and function, we need calories to burn for energy. These three nutrients also provide calories: A) protein B) vitamins C) fats D) minerals E) carbohydrates F) water

proteins, fats, and carbohydrates (a, c, e)

All foods are on an exchange list, such as the bread/starch list, will

provide about the same amount of carbohydrates, protein, and fat per serving

Which of the following is NOT a function of water

provides caloric energy in the body (Functions: serves as a shock absorber and cleaning agent, carries food through the digestive system, transports nutrient to cells and tissues)

What is missing from the binge-eating disorder cycle that is present in the emotional/behavioral cycle of a bulimic

purging

What is the most common reason for tooth decay in an infant

putting the baby to bed with a bottle

The best common food source of iron is

red meats

This process removes the outer husk, bran layers, and sometimes the inner germ of the grain kernel. White flour is an example of this process, which is called

refinement

To learn about diet of any kind, or about nutrition, you should ask this professional.

registered dietitian

The most dependable sources for up-to-date, accurate nutrition information are

registered dietitian nutritionists (RDN)

Most of our energy is typically expended on basic body functions that account for 60 to 75 percent of total energy expenditure; this energy use is called

resting energy expenditure

The energy spent in maintaining all involuntary processes in the body at rest for a period of 24 hours is called

resting energy expenditure

Another term for basal metabolic rate is

resting metabolic rate

Upon hospitalization, the first concern in treating anorexia nervosa patients is

restoring nutritional status

This is the best first solid food to give babies, as it is very unlikely to cause an allergic reaction.

rice cereal (iron-fortified)

Which of the following diseases is associated with a vitamin D deficiency

rickets

One of the following foods does not contain any carbohydrates: A) lentils B) yogurt C) rice D) roast beef

roast beef (d)

Snack foods and commercially prepared foods normally have a great deal of this added and are best eaten sparingly.

salt

The most obvious way to decrease sodium intake is to reduce the use of this substance, both in cooking and at the table.

salt

We add it during cooking. We sprinkle it on our meal at the table. It makes food taste good.

salt

Boullion cubes are low in fat, but high in this mineral that causes high blood pressure if we eat too much of it.

salt or sodium

As taste threshold declines with age, the sense of which flavors declines first

salty and sweet

Feeling of satisfaction and fullness that terminates a meal

satiation

the effects of a food or meal that delay subsequent intake

satiety

Both coconut and palm oils are considered vegetable oils, but they contain a large amount of this fat that should be avoided when possible.

saturated fat

Solid at room temperature & includes all animal fats.

saturated fat

Solid at room temperature and includes animal fat

saturated fat

This fat is solid at room temperature and raising your blood cholesterol more than anything else in your diet.

saturated fat

A deficiency associated with inadequate levels of vitamin C is

scurvy

This type of hypertension results for another problem, such as a kidney defect

secondary hypertension

A series of muscular contractions that breaks up and mixes chyme within the small intestine is called

segmentation

The overweight woman (BMI 25 to 29.9)

should gain about 15-25 pounds

The part of the large intestine which is s-shaped is the

sigmoid colon

Which of the following signs is NOT used to determine that a breastfed infant is obtaining adequate nourishment

sleeping through the night (Weight gain, frequency of urination, frequency of bowl movements)

During the second and third trimesters, the suggested weight gain for a pregnant woman who is carrying one fetus and whose pre-pregnancy weight was normal is ___ per week

slightly less than 1 pound

Most carbohydrate digestion takes place in the

small intestine

Most digestion and absorption take place here.

small intestine

Most of the digestive processes occur in the stomach

small intestine

which eating disorder factor involves pressure from the media, society, and other women to attain unrealistic levels of thinness

sociological

Which micronutrient is NOT a particular concern for the growth of adolescents

sodium

Of the following minerals, this one is found in higher concentrations in soft water than in hard water: A) calcium B) magnesium C) potassium D) sodium

sodium (d)

Salt is a combination of these two minerals.

sodium and chloride

Key minerals involved in fluid balance are

sodium and potassium

The following statement is true about replacing fluid losses during exercise

sodium should also be replaces when exercise lasts more than 2 hours

Which of the following is NOT one of the 3 tastes humans are "hard-wired" to like?

sour

The esophageal sphincter is located between the

stomach and esophagus

A claim that describes the potential effect of a food, food component, or a dietary supplement is called a

structure/function claim

Cakes, cookies, and candy are examples of foods with a lot of this high calorie, no nutrient value food that also causes tooth decay.

sugar

What is wrong with giving juice in a bottle or propping up a bottle of formula for him/her to drink at bed time

sugar bathes the teeth, bacteria grow and produce acids from sugar, acids dissolve tooth structre

The Dietary Guidelines

suggest foods to increase foods to increase and foods to reduce in our diet AND encourage variety, nutrient density, calorie control and moderation

Which agency provides food assistance, nutrition education, and referrals to health care services to low-income pregnant, postpartum, and breastfeeding women as well as infants and children up to the age of five

supplemental food program for women, infants, and children

Some research indicates that lowering sodium may reduce

systolic blood pressure

Most of our dietary chloride comes from

table salt

Heat exhaustion/heat stroke are more likely to occur under what condtion

temperature + humidity = 150 or more

A pharmacological dose (megadose) of a vitamin is defined as an intake of more than

ten times the RDA

The body cannot make this group of amino acids.

the Essential AA's (or indispensable AA's)

Our immediate surroundings influence our behaviors and may contribute to weight issues. This is an example of

the build environment

This is the name of the energy producing cycle of chemical reactions, that takes place in the cell's mitochondria.

the citric acid cycle (or the Kreb's cycle)

In the process of swallowing, food cannot normally enter the trachea because

the epiglottis covers over the trachea

What sphincter is between the esophagus and the stomach

the esophageal valve

Foodborne illness symptoms are very similar to what other common sickness

the flu

This is the only place you find the nutrient content of a food listed in percent, as in % Daily Value

the food label

This food group is a main supplier of the B vitamins and carbohydrates (and fortified iron).

the grain/bread food group

What is the likely cause of iron-deficiency anemia in infants

the infant consumes a cow's milk diet which has little iron

What accounts for a 3-month-old infant not being able to swallow strained foods that are offered on a spoon

the infant still exhibits the extrusion reflex

Why should formula over 48 hours old be discarded

the infant's saliva has contaminated formula with bacteria and enzymes

In the elderly, excessive intake of dietary protein may be a problem for

the kidneys

If a food is labeled as "enriched" that means that

the nutrients that were lost during processing have been put back in

This food group is our main naturally occurring source of iron.

the protein/meat group

The body expends energy to digest, absorb, and metabolize nutrients, which is referred to as _________and accounts for approximately 10 percent of total energy expenditure

thermic effect of food

Which of the following is not true about vitamins

they are an important source of energy for us

What is the main advantage of soy-based formula

they are lactose-free

What do eggs, fish, and nuts have in common

they are likely to cause allergies in infants

The vitamin that prevents beriberi is

thiamin

The best indicator of how much water/fluid a healthy person needs to

thirst

If a pregnant woman needs to increase the amount of vitamin A in her body, the best source of vitamin A would be in foods such as

those that contain bate-carotene

Which of the following is not an objective that caregivers want to accomplish

to control their child's discipline through food (to form lifelong habits, to find a happy medium between too strict of a diet or too many inappropriate items, a willingness to try foods)

The vitamin called E is actually a family of compounds called

tocopherols

Lycopene is commonly found in

tomato sauce

Besides causing weight gain, eating a lot of sweets can cause this health problem and you may have to make a trip to the dentist.

tooth decay

The largest category of lipids is

triglycerides

The most abundant form of fat in food & your body.

triglycerides

___ are the major energy source in human milk, providing about 50 to 55 percent of the calorues

triglycerides

A child's dislike of a food should be accepted without carrying on about them not eating the item

true

A person is more likely to develop an eating disorder if he or she has a family history of obsessive-compulsive disorders, anxiety disorders, and depression

true

A person more likely to develop an eating disorder if he or she has a family history of obsessive-compulsive disorders, anxiety disorders, and depression

true

As we age, the percent of water in out body decreases

true

Breast milk is the best food for infants

true

For short-term exercise, carbohydrate is the main energy source ; for long endurance events, fat is the primary energy source

true

It is a good idea to avoid or limit caffeine during pregnancy

true

Many studies report high levels of well-being among elders

true

Milk production in breast feeding is determined by infant demand (sucking), ex=more sucking, more milk produced or less sucking, less milk produced

true

Nearly half of the adult skeletal mass is formed during the teen tears

true

Protein combined with carbohydrate in a post-exercise meal increases glycogen restoration more than carbohydrate alone

true

Regular exercise helps control appetite

true

Salt tablets are not advised for athletes

true

The increased calorie needs for athletes can be met by a balanced diet

true

The major component of the blood is water

true

The major source of calories from exercise should be complex carbohydrates

true

True or false? A benefit of breastfeeding to the mother is increased uterine contractions, which helps the uterus return to its normal size

true

True or false? A healthy liver can store up to a year's supply of vitamin A

true

True or false? A high serum HDL level indicated a healthier cholesterol value than a high serum LDL level

true

True or false? A process called hydrogenation creates most trans fatty acids

true

True or false? A supplement may enhance the diet of a child who is a picky eater

true

True or false? Adding hydrogen atoms to an unsaturated fatty acid will make the texture of that fatty acid more solid

true

True or false? Adolescence commonly is defined as the time between the onset of puberty and adulthood

true

True or false? Adolescent pregnancy poses concern in regard to nutritional deficiencies and risk for preeclampsia, anemia, premature birth, low birth weight, infant mortality, and sexually transmitted diseases

true

True or false? Adolescents who engage in unhealthful weight-loss methods are more likely to engage in other risky behaviors, such as tobacco, alcohol, or other drug use, unprotected sex, suicide attempts, and delinquency

true

True or false? After treatment, about 30% of patients with Bulimia Nervosa become symptom-free; the rest struggle with the disorder to some degree throughout their lives

true

True or false? Although bone loss with age is a major contributor to osteoporosis, maximizing peak bone mass early in life can go a long way toward preventing or at least delaying osteoporosis

true

True or false? Although less than 1% of body calcium is in blood and soft tissue, that small amount is vitally important in muscle contraction, nerve impulse transmission, blood clotting, and cell metabolism

true

True or false? An adolescent who is malnourished and has small stature at the point of epiphyseal (long bone) closure may not achieve his or her full potential height

true

True or false? An iron deficiency can cause profound fatigue and possibly death.

true

True or false? Atypical girl will achieve about 95 percent of her adult height by menarche and grow only 2 to 4 inches during the remainder of adolescence

true

True or false? Because of menstrual losses and lower dietary iron intakes, female athletes have a greater risk of iron deficiency than male athletes

true

True or false? Because of possible vitamin A toxicity, pregnant women should be wary of retinol-containing supplements and avoid retinoid-containing medications

true

True or false? Both too much and too little Iodine cause the condition goiter

true

True or false? By his or her first birthday, an infant will have tripled his or her birth weight and increased his or her length by about 50 percent

true

True or false? By the age of 10 years old, the daily energy requirements are bout double that compared to when the child was 1 year old

true

True or false? Calcium-fortified orange juice, yogurt with live cultures, and cereals with folic acid are examples of functional foods

true

True or false? Calories saved by eating "low-fat" fast foods are often negligible

true

True or false? Carbohydrate loading for events lasting less than 60 to 90 minutes provides little benefit

true

True or false? Cardiovascular disease is the number one killer in the United States, and a good example of how genetic influences affect the development of disease

true

True or false? Claims that a product has benefits only and has no side effects should be considered false

true

True or false? Countries that have begun to use iodized salt have seen tremendous decreases in the prevalence of iodine deficiency disorder.

true

True or false? Development of foodborne illness results from the interaction of three factors: the pathogen, the host, and the environment

true

True or false? Development of foodborne illnesses result from the interactions between the pathogen, the host, and the environment in which they exist and interact

true

True or false? Diets high in animal proteins are linked to high cholesterol level and heart disease

true

True or false? Drinking fluids high in glucose after exercise can partially compensate for and decrease the negative effects of glycogen depletion

true

True or false? During the childhood years, a typical child will gain about 5 pounds and grow 2 to 3 inches each year

true

True or false? During the process of osmosis, when the concentration of eater inside the cell is greater than outside of the cell, water flows into the cell to equalize the concentration

true

True or false? Eating disorders frequently beings during adolescence because teens often become preoccupied with their weight, appearance, and eating habits

true

True or false? Eating preserved meat and salt-preserved foods are both probable factors related to increased risk of cancer development

true

True or false? Endurance athletes involved in heavy training should consume 1.2 to 1.4 grams of protein per kilogram body weight each day

true

True or false? Endurance training enhances the body's use of fat as fuel

true

True or false? Energy intake that is too low can lead to loss of muscle mass, menstrual dysfunction, lower bone density, and increased risk of fatigue, injury, and illness

true

True or false? Excess protein consumption may cause dehydration and strain kidneyfunction

true

True or false? Excess protein is either used for energy or stored as fat

true

True or false? Expectant mothers' blood volume increases during pregnancy

true

True or false? Fewer men are diagnosed with anorexia nervosa than females

true

True or false? For girls, a growth spurt begins between ages 10 and 12

true

True or false? For obese people with sleep apnea, modest weight loss can improve the condition as well as sleep quality

true

True or false? Good guidelines to consider if selecting a multivitamin supplement is that the supplement contains at least 20 different vitamins and minerals each no more than 100% of its Daily Value

true

True or false? Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) is a food industry program that focuses on preventing food contamination by identifying ares in food production and retail where contamination could possibly occur

true

True or false? High doses of niacin can cause an uncomfortable flushing reaction of the face and arms, along with headache, blurred vision, and, in severe cases, liver damage

true

True or false? High intake of foods rich in dietary fiber offer many health benefits, including reduced risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and gastrointestinal disorders

true

True or false? Homeless individuals often rely on soup kitchens or other pubic programs for much of their food.

true

True or false? If all bonds between the carbon atoms in a fatty acid chain are single bonds, then the fatty acid is called saturated

true

True or false? If you do not eat enough calcium in your diet, and your blood calcium levels fall as a result, your body will draw on reserves of calcium and phosphorus in bones in an effort to maintain blood calcium levels

true

True or false? If your body does not have a sufficient carbohydrates and fat to break down into energy, the body breaks down protein and extracts energy from the amino acids

true

True or false? If your body does not have sufficient carbohydrates and fat to break down into energy, the body breaks down protein and extracts energy from the amino acids

true

True or false? In adults, vitamin K deficiency is extremely rare and occurs in people with fat malabsorption problems

true

True or false? In the female athlete triad, stress fractures often result because of the lack of estrogen

true

True or false? Inadequate weight gain and poor nutrition during the first stages of pregnancy are associated with preterm birth

true

True or false? Increased consumption of foods that contain carotenoids, such as dark-green leafy vegetables, corn, and egg yolks, is associated with a lower incidence and slower progression of age-related mascular degeneration

true

True or false? Infectious diarrhea is especially dangerous and can cause infants and children to die quickly.

true

True or false? It is suggested that the same lifestyle changes that help to reduce the risk of atherosclerosis and hypertension can also reduce the risk of cancer

true

True or false? Many eating disorders start with a simple diet

true

True or false? Megadoses of vitamin B6 can cause painful, partly irreversible nerve damage that causes numbness in the extremities and interferes with walking

true

True or false? Millions of illnesses, hundred of thousands of hospitalizations, and thousands of deaths per year are caused by foodborne illnesses

true

True or false? Obesity is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease

true

True or false? Obesity is defined as a BMI equal or greater than 30 or a body weight that exceeds 20 percent above a recommended weight range in a height-weight table

true

True or false? One nutrient known to prevent birth defects is folic acid

true

True or false? Osmosis cause water to flow back and forth through the cell membrane

true

True or false? Our food choices are more likely to affect our risk for developing chronic diseases, such as heart disease, or cancer, than to affect our susceptibility to acute diseases such as getting a fever or the flu

true

True or false? People in rural areas may live far from food resources and lack access to transportation to food sources.

true

True or false? People tend to eat more in cold weather and less in hot weather

true

True or false? People with higher amounts of lean body mass typically have a higher resting metabolic rate

true

True or false? People with malabsorption syndrome often may try large nutrient doses to compensate for nutritive losses and to override intestinal barriers to absorption

true

True or false? Phytochemicals help neutralize free radicals

true

True or false? Prior to supplementation and fortification programs, deficiency of iodine was more common in the Midwest region of America

true

True or false? Researchers have found that food insecurity is strongly associated with poverty and interlinked with economic and social factors.

true

True or false? Sales of organic foods are regulated by the National Organic Program (NOP) standards through the USDA

true

True or false? Saliva production and digestive secretion tend to decrease in old age, whereas constipation, gas, and bloating are common complaints

true

True or false? Salmonella bacteria are prevalent in poultry and eggs that are not thoroughly cooked

true

True or false? Smoking during pregnancy increases the risks of all of the following: placental problems, miscarrying, delivering a stillborn infant, giving birth prematurely, and delivering a low-birth-weight infant

true

True or false? Some combinations of supplements or using some supplements together with either prescriptions or over-the-counter medications could produce potentially harmful adverse effects

true

True or false? Sources of phosphorus include protein-rich foods such as milk, meat, and eggs along with processed meats and soft drinks

true

True or false? Sources of riboflavin include dairy products, enriched grains, eggs, and organ meats

true

True or false? Studies have linked abnormal levels or neurotransmitters, especially serotonin, in people to eating disorders

true

True or false? Studies show that a child who is obese between the ages of 10 and 13 has an 80 percent chance of becoming an obese adult

true

True or false? Taking a vitamin at megadose levels can cause the vitamin to act as a drug, rather than as a supplement

true

True or false? The Supplemental Food Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) provides food to pregnant and breastfeeding women, infants, and preschoolers.

true

True or false? The average patient with builima nervosa is an unmarried Caucasian woman in her twenties or thirties with a normal or near-normal body weight

true

True or false? The best way for athletes to sensibly lose weight is to reduce caloric intake moderately and modify their training program

true

True or false? The first nutrition priority for athletes should be to obtain adequate energy intake

true

True or false? The human body requires over 100 milligrams per day of major minerals less than 100 milligrams per day of trace minerals

true

True or false? The long-term effectiveness of gastric surgery depends on how patient manage their eating

true

True or false? The meals on wheels program is a voluntary, not-for-profit organization established to provide nutritious meals to homebound poeple

true

True or false? The primary therapeutic goals for treatment of anorexia nervosa are the restoration of body weight and return of menses

true

True or false? The protein hormones insulin play a key role in regulating the amount of glucose in the blood

true

True or false? The release of milk from the breast tissue in response to the stimulus of the hormone oxytocin is called the let-down reflex

true

True or false? The thirst mechanism is the best indicator of fluid needs for the typical healthy person

true

True or false? There is a high risk that crops engineered to contain insecticides will harm nondestructive species important to biodiversity

true

True or false? To balance energy needs as we age, a 60-year-old, for example, will need to increase his/her physical activity and/or decrease calories intake in order to maintain weight

true

True or false? To provide adequate levels of energy, young athletes are encouraged to eat healthy meals and snacks prior to and after exercise

true

True or false? Under FDA guidelines, a functional food's label may have a nutrient content claim, health claim, or structure/function claim

true

True or false? Vitamin B12 is absorbed in the stomach and requires a substance called intrinsic factor

true

True or false? Vitamin C helps protect cells from oxidative damage and may reduce the risk of heart disease and certain types of cancer

true

True or false? Vitamin D is important for calcium absorption

true

True or false? Vitamin D is unique because given sufficient sunlight, your body can make all that it needs and dietary vitamin D intake is not necessary

true

True or false? Vitamins are found in every food group, including fats and oils

true

True or false? Water loss of 20 percent of body weight can cause coma and death

true

True or false? We tend to require less than energy as we age, mainly because of reduced physical activity and loss of lean body mass

true

True or false? When one is obese, a modest wight loss can reduce the risk of heart disease and diabetes

true

True or false? Women who smoke tobacco or marijuana during pregnancy have an increased risk or miscarriage

true

True or false? body mass index (BMI) has become the accepted method for assessing body weight for height

true

True or false? some obese children already deal with the cardiovascular consequences of obesity, such as lipid abnormalities andhypertension

true

TRUE or FALSE Fiber, which is indigestible carbohydrate, is beneficial for good health.

true Fiber helps prevent constipation, colon cancer, helps regulate blood sugar, and is known to help keep cholesterol down and weight under control.

Which has more Vitamin E

two large egg yolks

Which of the following contains the most sodium

two slices of thick-crust cheese pizza (one fourth of the 14" diameter pizza)

What disease has become an "epidemic" in our country, mainly due to our increased obesity?

type 2 diabetes

Drowsiness; withdrawal symptoms if abruptly discontinued

valerian

This vegetarian will eat no animal products.

vegan

This is the type of fat that is located in the part of the body that causes the most health damage.

visceral fat

Night blindness may be caused by a deficiency of

vitamin A

Night-blindness is caused from the lack of this vitamin.

vitamin A

The leading cause of childhood blindness in the world today is a dietary deficiency of

vitamin A

Which vitamin deficiency can possibly lead to permanent blindness

vitamin A

Which vitamin plays a primary role in vision and the development of body cells

vitamin A

Which of the following is the developing world's most common cause of preventable blindness in children

vitamin A deficiency

Which of the following nutrients are all important dietary factors for reducing osteoporosis risk

vitamin A, calcium, Vitamin D

Dried beans & peas area good source of fiber and several other nutrients. They are not a good source of this: A) protein B) iron C) vitamin C D) B vitamins

vitamin C? (C)

In the aged, aging skin is less able to make

vitamin D

The vitamin is called the sunshine vitamin

vitamin D

The vitamin that aids in the prevention of rickets is

vitamin D

This vitamin helps you absorb Calcium.

vitamin D

This vitamin is found widely available and functions as an antioxidant

vitamin E

This vitamin helps your blot clot.

vitamin K

Which nutrient is given to newborns because their intestinal tracts are sterile at birth

vitamin K

Which vitamin is primarily responsible for blood clotting

vitamin K

this vitamin is important in helping your blood to clot and make you stop bleeding when you cut yourself. Spinach is a good source of it.

vitamin K

Megadoses of this vitamin in it's active form may be a teratogen (cause birth defects)

vitamins A

The human body has more of this substance (by weight) than any other substance

water

This nutrient helps carry other nutrients around in your body, helps you digest food and carry waste away, and helps keep your body at the right temperature.

water

This nutrients accounts for over half of most peoples body weight.

water

Which nutrient is NOT required to be posted on the Nutrition Facts panel

water (Required: vitamins A and C, carbohydrate grams, fat grams)

On average a full term infant at birth

weighs 7 to 8 pounds, is about 20 inches long

The RDA for an adult for protein

what is .8 grams per kilogram

Which of the following is not correct about feeding a resident

when the resident is done with what they want, you may finish the rest to avoid wasting food (the resident should be positioned upright for feeding, you should engage in pleasant conversation with the resident while feeding them, items should be fed individually and not mixed together)

To avoid constipation the pregnant woman should increase her intake of

whole-grain bread, bran, fluids, and fruits

The statement. "I only ate 125 kcalories today," is probably said by a person

with anorexia nervosa

Between ice cream and yogurt, you would choose this one to eat less fat.

yogurt

Potassium aids in regulating the contractions of what important muscle

your heart

This is the best, easy to understand tool to use as a guide to a nutritious diet for the average American.

"Choose My Plate"

This is the "good" cholesterol in your blood.

"HDL's" (high density lipoproteins)

Which component of the Nutrition Facts panel can be used as an effective way to compare the fat, cholesterol, sodium, carbohydrates, or protein content in one serving of the product

% Daily Value

One of the following oils is not recommended and should be "watched for" on product labels: A) coconut oil B) safflower oil C) olive oil D) peanut oil

(a) Coconut oil is saturated fat while the others are all polyunsaturated or monounsaturated and are recommended for use by the American heart Association.

Our bodies can manufacture Vitamin D from the sun. The substance Vitamin D is made from is _________

(not bacteria)

Which of the following is true about water soluble vitamins

(not they may be toxic)

The RDA for an adult for protein.

.8 grams per kilogram

Vitamins contain

0 Kcal/g

A daily deficit of 500 kcalories should result in a loss of approximately_______ pounds of body fat per week

1

During the Early period of recovery (up to four hours) after glycogen-depleting exercise, the athlete should consume

1 g of carbohydrate/kg/hour

Which has more Potassium

1 medium-sized white potato (baked)

One serving from the Bread/Cereal Group would be equivalent to this much bread or this much rice or pasta.

1 slice of bread and 1/2 cup rice or pasta

An effective way to replenish glycogen stores after an event is to consume _______ of body weight within_________of completing the exercise

1 to 1.5 grams/kg, 30 minutes

A healthy newborn can consume about _____ of break milk or formula in one feeding

1 to 2 fluid ounces

Infants should be fed breast milk or formula until they are this age.

1 year

The American Heart Association recommends limiting sodium to ___________milligrams per day

1,500

Which of the following contains the least sodium

1/2 C chocolate ice cream

which has more Vitamin A

1/2 carrot strips or slices

Of the following foods, this contains the most proteitn: A) 1 slice of bread B) 1 Tbsp. Peanut Butter C) 1/2 C. cooked navy beans D) 1/2 C. ice cream

1/2 cup cooked navy beans (c)

Which has more magnesium

1/4 C dried sesame seeds (whole)

Doses of a nutrient that are _____ or more times the recommended amount are called mega-doses

10

Doses of a nutrient that are _____or more times the recommended amount are called megadoses

10

The amount of a nutrient (taken as a supplement) that is considered a mega-dose?

10 times the RDA

The AMDR for protein is ___________ percent of the total calories each day

10 to 35

If a food contains 12 gms of fat, how many kcalories from fat does it have

108

The number of kcalories a food has that contains 5 grams of CHO & 10 grams fat.

110 kcalories

The number of kcalories a food has that contains 5 grams of CHO and 10 grams fot

110 kcalories

How many major slaughter houses exist in the US today?

13

When the temperature + humidity equal this amount, there is an increased risk of heat exhaustion/heat stroke?

150 or more

A women who is 5'10 and large framed has an ideal body weight of

165 lbs

How many kilocalories are in 21 grams of fat

189

According to the information included in your slides, for every pound lost during physical activity the athlete needs to replace how much fluid

2 cups

For every pound of fluid loss an athlete has during a practice or event they need to replace this amount of fluid.

2 cups (16 ounces)

Which of the following contains the most sodiumm

2 tablespoon (Tbsp) mustard

A fluid loss as low as _____ of initial body weight can decrease performance by elevating heart rate and lowering cardiac output

2%

Percent Daily Values (PDV) represents a __________ calorie/day diet

2,000

Lean women with a BMI less than ____ have increased risks of preterm delivery and delivering a low-birth-weight infant

20

When body fat falls below ____, the athlete's body often stops producing the hormones needed to make estrogen, resulting in menstrual cycle irregularities

20%

The AMDR for fat is ___________ percent of daily kilocalorie intake

20-35

The average American consumes how many pounds of meat per year?

200

We need to keep our total blood cholesterol below this amount to prevent atherosclerosis.

200

The approximate amount of CHO the body can store as glycogen

200-500 gm (800-2000 Kcal)

The approximate amount of CHO the body can store as glycogen.

200-500 gm (800-2000 Kcal)

One teaspoon of salt contains about _____ of sodium

2000 milligrams

One teaspoon of salt is this many milligrams of sodium.

2000 milligrams

Weight gain in pregnancy for an average weight person should usually be about

25 to 35 pounds

Of the following foods, which is the best source of Vitamin K

3 cups spinach

Which has more iron

3 ounces (oz) cooked 90% lean ground beef

Which has more Calcium

3 oz canned salmon with bones (drained)

Approximately _______________ people die in the United States each year from foodborne illnesses

3,000

We usually achieve our peak bone mass around the age of

30

What % of our crop land is planted in corn?

30%

Your body can take about _________ to absorb and distribute water you drink throughout the body

30-60 minutes

It is recommended to consume less than __________mg of cholesterol per day to decrease the risk for developing heart disease

300

Protein and CHO have this many kcalories per gram.

4

The kcalorie content per gram of CHO and Protein

4 Kcal/gram

What is the kcalorie content per gram of CHO & Protein?

4 Kcal/gram

1 gram of carbohydrates

4 kilocalories

1 gram of protein

4 kilocalories

The daily recommended level for folic acid supplementation during pregnancy is ____micrograms

400-900

The AMDR for carbohydrate is __________ percent of the daily kilocalories

45 to 65

Overall, water is somewhere between _______percent of a person's body weight

45 to 75

Athletes engaging in moderate-intensity exercise for 60 to 90 minutes per day consume

5 to 7 g of carbohydrate/kg/day

The estimated minimal level of body fat compatible with health is

5% for males and 12% for females

The thermic effect of food accounts for approximately______ of energy expenditure

5% to 10%

Research has found that a weight loss of this amount will likely result in significant health improvement, typically improving BP, glucose, cholesterol and trigylceride levels.

5-10%

Significant health improvement is seen when an overweight/obese person loses what % of body weight

5-10%

What percent of minorities will end up with this disease (from previous question)?

50%

Protein powder supplements are a relatively easy way to add extra kilocalories to a person's diet. About how many kilocalories per day are suggested to increase if a person is trying to gain weight

500 to 1,000 kilocalories

How much sodium is in a Lean Cuisine Chicken Chow Mein with Rice frozen entree

550 mg

The protein RDA a 154 lb person needs

56 grams

The protein RDA a 154 lb person needs?

56 grams

Infant iron stores are depleted by ________ of age and need to be replaced in their diet

6 months

What is the recommended age for beginning iron supplementation of a breastfed infant

6 months

Your body is approximately ______ percent water

60

How much sodium is in a 1/2 C of spaghetti sauce with meat

600 mg

The grams of fat someone eating 1900 total kcalories per day should have if they want 30% of the kcalories come from fat

63 gram fat

The grams of fat someone eating 1900 total kcalories per day should have if they want 30% of the kcalories to come from fat.

63 grams fat

The number of kcalories per gram for fat.

9

1 gram of fat

9 kilocalories

In 2008, what percent of the soybeans were "round-up ready"?

90%

How much sodium is in a Burger King Whopper

99 mg

Serious birth defects may occur when pregnant women consume very large supplement doses of vitamin

A

If you have an illness that is causing you to be deficient in a nutrient, it is called

A secondary deficiency

A circular muscle that can open and close and regulates the flow of materials in one direction is referred to as

A sphincter

Phosphorus is necessary for the forming of the high energy bond in _________

ATP

This is what energy is stored as.

ATP

This energy system energy gives energy very quickly but is also used up within seconds.

ATP-CP

Which energy system can power all-out effort from 3 to 15 seconds

ATP-CP

Reading food labels help consumers

All (identify amounts of salt or sodium in the product, determine the sugar content of the product, determine amount and kind of fat in the product, choose foods with good sources of dietary fiber)

Which of the following nutrients may be absorbed by the colon

All (minerals such as sodium and potassium, some vitamins synthesized by bacteria, water)

A major social factor involved in the development of eating disorders, especially among women, is

All (peer pressure to be more in control of one's behavior, an unrealistic standard of thinness, the fashion industries failure to design attractive clothes for heavy people)

Learning new ways or responding to old cues or circumstances that can't be changed or avoided

Alternate behaviors?

The grain group is a main supplier of _______

B vitamins and carbohydrates

Strict vegetarians or Vegans may have a deficiency of this vitamin after a few years when the body is deleted of its stores, as it is only provided by animal products

B-12

Breastfed infants of vegan mothers may need which vitamin supplement

B12

The best current method used to determine whether someone is overweight or obese is

BMI

This is the currently used assessment to determine if you are normal weight, overweight or obese.

BMI

Which of the following would provide the best sources of potassium

Banana, orange juice, dates

Jane has celiac disease. How can she fight against abdominal pain, bloating, and constipation

By eating food that is free of gluten

Sarah suffers from constipation. How can her digestion be improved

By performing mild exercise, and adding fiber and water to her diet

The nutrient that is the primary fuel for your body

CHO

The nutrient that is the primary fuel for your body.

CHO

These are the two minerals most often deficient in American's diets.

Calcium and Iron

What are the three MAJOR categories of nutrients your body requires daily

Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats

A nonprofit recreation center that wants to provide lunches for the elderly can apply for food funding through the ___ program.

Child and Adult Care Food

Which program provides funds for children's meals and snacks at nonprofit licensed child-care centers, day care homes, after-school programs, and similar settings?

Child and Adult Care Food Program

Which of the following is an educational tool that translates the principles of the Dietary Guidelines for Amerricans

Choose My Plate

The fluid mixture that moves from the stomach to the duodenum is called

Chyme

Which of the following systems is used to transport nutrients in your body

Circulatory

What Supreme Court Justice was previously an attorney for the largest seed company in American?

Clarence Thomas

A toxin-producing bacterium from improperly canned foods that causes a rare but deadly illness is

Clostridium botulinum

Dietary standards used to compare the amount of nutrients in a serving of food to

Daily Values

The ______ states food additives cannot be approved if they cause cancer in humans or animals

Delaney clause


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