Nutrition Exam Questions
Based upon expert estimates of nutrient intake by a defined group of healthy people. These are used when there is insufficient scientific evidence to establish an EAR
Dietary Reference Intake
Which of the following are functions of dietary fat
Dissolve and transport micronutrients, contribute to flavor, odor, and texture of food, carry fat-soluble substances through the digestive process, improving intestinal absorption and bioavailability
What is the dangerous pathogen (bacteria) that is being found in our beef supply?
E. coli
The extra calories in foods such as fat and sugar that are not accounted for in the MyPlate suggested daily amounts of food for certain energy intake levels are considered
Empty calories
The nutrient intake level estimated to meet the needs of 50 percent of the individuals in a life-stage and gender group is known as
Estimated Average Requirement
The nutrient intake level estimated to meet the needs of 50% of the individuals in a life-stage and gender group
Estimated Average Requirement
True or False? Adequate Intake (AI) is equivalent to the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)
False
True or False? An apple typically has a high amount of protein while being low in lipids
False
True or False? The results from animal studies are usually directly transferable to humans
False
True or false? A positive effect of consumption of sugar is that it kills harmful bacteria in the mouth
False
True or false? Fructose, glucose, and galactose are good examples of disaccharides
False
True or false? Large amounts of glycogen can be consumed through eating beef or chicken
False
True or false? The body will burn protein first, prior to carbohydrate as a source of energy
False
True or false? The majority of digestion occurs in the large intestine
False
TRUE or FALSE Beets are a good source of iron?
False Beet greens are a good source of iron. The fallacy stems from the fact that beets are red and the redness of foods is not related to the iron content.
Which food group is not shown on the MyPlate icon, suggesting we have little of it in our diet
Fats, Oils, and Sweets
Bacon
Fats, oils and sweets
Cream cheese
Fats, oils and sweets
Sour Cream
Fats, oils and sweets
Prolonged excess intake of fluoride causes
Flurosis
As people from other cultures immigrate to new lands, they will adopt new behaviors consistent with their new homes; however, their _______are the last to change.
Food habits
Select each of the following enzymes that are involved in lipids digestion
Gastric lipase, pancreatic lipase, lingual lipase
A hormone produced by the stomach that stimulates feeding by increasing release of neurpeptide Y
Ghrelin
Corn
Grains
The chief cause of ulcers is
H. pylori bacteria
The "good" cholesterol in your blood
HDL (high density lipoproteins)
Which of the following best describes how the build environment positively impacts (prevents) overweight and obesity rates
Having access to safe green spaces and playgrounds
A comprehensive set of disease prevention and health promotion objectives for the nation
Healthy People 2020
Which organ is not part of your gastrointestinal (GI) tract
Heart
experienced as a negative sensation; the recurrent and involuntary lack of access to food
Hunger
Which of the following is NOT one of the enzymes in the stomach
Hydrochloric acid (Enzymes: pepsin, gastric lipase)
Which nutrient contains the most calories per gram?
Lipids
An organ that produces and secretes bile
Liver
Bile is formed in the __________ and stored in the ________
Liver, gallbladder
Which company buys the most hamburger and potatoes in the US?
McDonald's
Yogurt
Milk/dairy
The best tool to use as a guide to a nutritious diet, for the average American is _________
My Plate
A natural stimulant that is thought to affect athletic performance through facilitating signs between the nervous system and the muscles as well as decreasing an athlete's perceived effort during exercise is
NOT ATP
A factor that can decrease BMR is
NOT being pregnant
endurance training enhances the body's use of _____as fuel
NOT glycogen
When the diet contains more energy than is expended, the excess kcalories
NOT increase the basal metabolic rate
Because of its link with glucose use and insulin, this mineral is sometimes used as a supplement to enhance exercise performance
NOT iron
The preschool years are marked by
NOT more rapid growth than infancy
The major goal for weight reduction in the treatment of obesity is the loss of
NOT weight
The best predictor of your basal metabolic rate is
NOT your exercise pattern
A neurotransmitter widely distributed throughout the brain and peripheral nervous tissue, with activity that has been linked to eating behavior, depression, anxiety, and cardiovascular function
Neuropeptide Y
Which food group is the most important to consume for good health
None is the most important, all are important (Fruits, protein, milk)
Where would you find "Daily Values" used
On a food label
What popular TV personality was sued by the Texas Cattle Producers because of comments made by them against eating beef?
Oprah winfrey
An organ that secretes enzymes and releases hormones that regulate metabolism
Pancreas
Eggs
Protein
Which nutrient is important for normal growth and development for the body (building and repairing body tissue)
Protein
The nutrient intake level that is sufficient to meet the needs of 97-898% of the individuals in a life-stage and gender group
Recommended Dietary Allowance
Which of the following best describes why carbohydrates digestion stops while food is in the stomach
Salivary enzymes lose their ability to continue digestion in an acid environment
Which of the following actions often contribute to an increase in the number of hungry people in a country by limiting access to agricultural supplies, fuel, and food-processing supplies?
Sanctions and embargoes
Using reframing disengagement imagery and self-soothing to reduce or manage negative emotions
Self-monitoring?
What form must food be in to be absorbed and transported throughout your body
Small, movable parts
Which of the following organism creates havoc within the gastrointestinal tract by producing a toxin
Staphylococcus aureaus
________ sweeteners are not as sweet as sugar but less likely to cause tooth decay. They are commonly found in sugar-free gum and mints
Sugar alcohol
The Choose My Plate tool
Suggests food to increase and foods reduce in our diet AND encourages variety nutrient density, calorie control and moderation
Current intake recommendations for fat intake come from both the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010 and the American Heart Association. From the list below, select all current fat intake resommendations
The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range for total fat intake for adults is 20-35 percent of overall calories AND keep trans fat intake as low as possible
What is the main difference between essential and nonessential amino acids
The body can make nonessential amino acids, but it cannot make essential amino acids
What could happen if a person does not consume protein-containing foods
The body will have trouble making certain proteins, which are needed for proper functioning of the body
TRUE or FALSE Your weight depends on the balance between the amount of food you eat and the calories you burn off.
The bottom line is that if a person eats more calories than their body requires, they will gain weight.
Heartburn is caused by
The esophageal sphincter allowing backflow of stomach acid into the esophagus
When there is an excess of nutrients in the body, which of the following will occur
The liver begins storing glucose
All of the following statements about the preexercise meal are true except:
The size and timing of the preexercise meal are not interrelated (connected) (True: The preexercise meal improves performance compared with exercising in the fasted state, the preexercise meal should be high in carbohydrate, the preexercise meal should be low in fat and fiber, the preexercise meal should contain familiar foods
Why are so many snack foods and "dollar" menu items so cheap?
They are heavily subsidized
Which of the following is true of the RDA's
They are high, in order to meet the majority of people's needs
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of fat soluble vitamins
They are vitamins C and B (Are: they are not easily lost in cooking water, they are stored in the body, they may be toxic)
How do prebiotics benefit gastrointestinal health
They stimulate the growth of helpful bacteria in your colon
Which of the following is NOT one of the functions of nutrients/food
To taste good (Functions: Growth, maintenance and development (build and repair body tissue). Regulate body processes. Fuel your body (provide energy))
The maximum level of daily nutrient intake that poses little risk of adverse health effects to almost all of the individuals in a defined group
Tolerable Upper Intake Level
The Dietary References Intakes include a category of some nutrients that we need to be sure not to get too much of. This category is called
Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL)
The most abundant form of fat in food and your body
Triglycerides
If you would follow the dietary guidelines you would likely be eating healthy
True
True or False? A kilocalories is defines as the amount of heat energy needed to raise 1 kilogram of water 1 degree Celsius
True
True or False? A placebo can have an effect on the patient if he or she believes the placebo will work
True
True or False? Carbohydrates contain 4 Kcal/g
True
True or False? Compared to our lifestyle factors, such as smoking and exercise, our food choices are more likely to affect our risk for developing chronic diseases such as heart disease or cancer
True
True or False? Exchange Lists can help individuals plan diets with controlled levels of energy and carbohydrates
True
True or False? Foods high in nutrient density are those that provide substantial amounts of vitamins and minerals and relatively few calories
True
True or False? Recommended Dietary Allowances are the suggested amount of a nutrient that meets the needs of most people in a particular age group
True
True or False? The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) is the daily level that meets the needs of the majority of people (over 97 percent)
True
True or False? The six classes of nutrients in foods are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and water
True
True or False? The study of how different foods can interact with genes to alter a person's risk of developing a chronic disease is called nutrigenomics
True
True or false? Ammonia is toxic to the cells and is expelled into the bloodstream as a waste product and carried to the liver to produce urea and water
True
True or false? Another name for table sugar is sucrose
True
True or false? Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death in the United States
True
True or false? Carotenoids have appeared to help reduce the rate of cataracts, certain cancers, and skin ailments and perhaps immune function
True
True or false? Chyme is a mixture of partially digested food and juices moving from the stomach to the small intestine
True
True or false? Gastric acid is an enzyme that assists in the digestion of starch by breaking starch into many units of the disaccharide maltose
True
True or false? Harmful bacteria can cause gastritis and peptic ulcers
True
True or false? Intrinsic factor is a substance necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12
True
True or false? Metabolic syndrome is when a person has at least 3 of five risk factors that dramatically elevate heart disease risk
True
True or false? Proteins play a major role in the body's immune system
True
TRUE or FALSE You can be overweight and still be malnourished.
True This happens when you eat a lot of no-nutrient value, high calorie foods.
What should you look for on a supplement's label to be assured it actually contains what it states on the label
USP approval
This vegetarian will eat no animal products
Vegan
In the small intestines there are muscosal folds to help increase the absorptive area. _________ are also present to further increase the absorptive area
Villi and microvilli
Fruits and vegetables are high in these 2 Vitamins.
Vitamin A and C
Which of the following is NOT a fat-soluble vitamin
Vitamin C (Fat-soluble: E, A, D)
These are the fat-soluble vitamins
Vitamins A, D, E, and K
This is a government food supplement program providing foods with key nutrients to pregnant women, infants and children up to age 5.
WIC
Which federal program was created to help prevent malnutrition and hunger in childhood
WIC
Chloride is
a component of hydrochloric acid
Lanugo is
a fine downy hair covering the body
When a child wants to eat the same food repeatedly, it is called
a food jag
A food that may provide some health benefit but is not necessarily an essential nutrient.
a functional food
Garlic, which contains sulfur compounds that may reduce heart disease risk, is an example of
a functional food
Which of the following would assist in the absorption of iron
a glass of orange juice
Which of the following foods is the most likely to cause a foodborne infection
a hamburger cooked rare
A body mass index of 32 represents
a high risk for health problems
A pretend or an imitation treatment that looks the same as the "real thing" is called
a placebo
This substance is something a vitamin can be made of if the body needs it. It only becomes active if needed, therefore we cannot get too much of it.
a precursor or provitamin
If you have an illness that is causing you to be deficient in a nutrient, it is called
a secondary deficiency
When reading labels, the number of calories listed is not the number of calories in the entire box or container, but the number per this.
a serving
Too much fat in the arteries that lead to your heart can cause a heart attack. When plaque forms in arteries leading to the brain, this occurs.
a stroke
Which of the following is NOT one of the main processes that allow nutrients to be absorbed from the GI tract into circulation
active diffusion
Tea beverages with enhanced antioxidant content and yogurt with added prebiotics or probiotics are common examples of
additives in functional foods with intended health benefits
Energy needs, in total kilocalories per day, are greater during ____________________ than any other time of life
adolescence
Running a marathon will require your body to use which of the following energy pathways the most
aerobic
Which factor is NOT involved in the development of obesity in childhood
age (behavior, genetics, activity level)
An important function of vitamin K in the body is
aid in blood clotting
What factor(s) contribute(s) to childhood obesity
all (TV watching or playing video games, genetics, high fat, high kcalorie snacks, little physical activity)
Measurements of height, weight, and head circumference over time
all (are used to assess an infant's growth and development, are typically divided into percentiles, should follow a curve when plotted on a growth chart)
Total energy expenditure is estimated from
all (basal metabolic rate, thermic effect of food, physical activity)
A protein deficiency increases the risk of ________ for long-term care residents
all (bed sores/decubiti, poor recovery from illness, slowed recovery from surgery)
Antioxidants are thought to function as anticarcinogens. Which of the following nutrients is classified as an antioxidant
all (beta carotene, vitamin E, vitamin C)
WIC is a program for
all (children up to age 5, newborn and infants, pregnant mothers)
Which of the following practices is most likely to help a binge eater who enters therapy for the disorder
all (counting kilocalories of every food eaten for a week, limiting oneself to a 1,500 kilocalorie per day diet plan, learning to identify emotions so one can express feelings
Which medical condition is less likely to occur in breastfed infants compared to infants who are not breastfed
all (ear infections, allergies, diarrhea)
The advantage(s) of breast feeding is (are)
all (economical. it costs less than formula, convenience. there is nothing to be prepared. sanitation, it is sterile)
which is an important component of nutrition assessment during the preconception period
all (evaluation of a woman's vitamin status, measurement of weight, obtaining information about the use of substances such as alcohol and tobacco)
What do preschool children like to eat
all (familiar foods, foods served at comfortable temperatures, mild flavors, crisp textured foods)
Factor(s) involved in the development of overweight in childhood include
all (genetics, environment, behavior)
A nursing infant is getting enough milk if the infant
all (has 6 or more wet diapers per day, shows normal weight gain, regains their birthweight by 2 weeks)
Obesity is a risk factor for which of the following chronic diseases
all (heart disease, diabetes, cancer)
Which of the following is used to help determine Estimated Energy Expenditure
all (height and weight, age, physical activity level)
The purpose of exercise is to
all (increase muscle flexibility, increase muscle strength, increase endurance)
What is/are the treatment(s) of choice for childhood obesity
all (increase physical activity, decrease intake of high-fat, high kcalorie foods, allow them to grow into their weight)
When an obese diabetic person loses weight, he or she is likely to see an improvement in
all (insulin utilization, glucose tolerance, blood pressure)
What is/are the likely nutritional problem(s) of adolescent girls
all (not drinking milk, so not taking enough calcium, iron-deficiency anemia, anorexia nervosa and bulimia)
Athletes at greatest risk of poor micronutrient status usually
all (restrict energy intake (especially over ling periods), have severe weight-loss practices, eliminate one or more food groups from their diet, rely on foods with a low nutrient density)
Which of the following is NOT a good question to consider prior to buying a supplement
all of the above are good questions (is the quantity enough to have an effect? Who is selling the product? Is the product new to me?)
Which of the following factors is associated with the development of disordered eating or eating disorders
all of these are correct (history of post-traumatic stress disorder, negative self body image, unrealistic expectations to be perfect)
Building blocks of protein
amino acids
These are the basic building blocks of protein.
amino acids
What are the building blocks of protein called?
amino acids
One of the only enzymes that is found in the mouth is
amylase
Hypertrophic obesity results from
an increase in the size of fat cells
How does an infant's protein needs compare to an adult's when measured in grams per kilogram
an infant needs about twice as much protein as an adult
The typical person suffering from Bulimia is
an unmarried Caucasian woman in her twenties or thirties
Infants' nutrient needs are determined by
analysis of breast milk composition
Excess storage of fat located primarily in the abdominal area
android obesity
Dietary heme iron comes from
animal flesh
An eating disorder common among adolescents who have the false image that they are fat.
anorexia
This disorder is characterized by self starvation which leads to an unhealthy, low body weight.
anorexia nervosa
the internal, physiological drive to find and consume food, often experienced as a negative sensation;the recurrent and involuntary lack of access to food
appetite
In choosing what and when to eat, most Americans usually respond to
appetite-related signals, external cues
Fat-soluble vitamins
are slower than water-soluble vitamins to show deficiencies
Select each statement that is true about why direct additives are used in foods
are used to enhance flavor or give desired color, provide leavening or control acidity and alkalinity, improve or maintain nutritional value, maintain product consistency, keep food appetizing and wholesome
Which of the following amino acids is considered to be essential only during periods of rapid growth and development like childhood
arginine
The salivary glands, liver, pancreas, and gallbladder are _______
assisting (or accessory) organs
The average person with bulimia nervosa has a body weight for height that is
at or a bit above normal
Segmentation as a function of the GI tract involves
back and forth contractions that breaks apart the food mass
Which meal contains the highest amount of vitamin C
baked fish with lemon, broccoli, cole slaw, strawberries
For most adults, the greatest portion of their energy expenditure is for
basal metabolism
Which of the following sports is not typically associated with anorexia athletica
basketball
Why do kcalorie needs decrease in the elderly
because of decreased muscle, less activity and decreased metabolism
A common deficiency associated with thiamin is
beriberi
A precursor of vitamin A is
beta-carotene
The pyloric sphincter is located
between the stomach and the duodenum
Which eating disorder is marked by repeated episodes of chronic eating along with a feeling of loss of control
binge-eating disorder
Where is vitamin E primarily stored
body fat
The pattern of fat distribution on the body
body fat distributions
The majority of initial weight loss is most likely the result of the loss of
body fluid
Ninety-nine percent of the calcium in the body is found in
bones and teeth
Over 99 percent of calcium in the body is found within the
bones and teeth
A toxin producing bacterium from improperly canned foods which causes a rare but deadly virus
botulism
Which of the following factors is not a common cause of failure to thrive in infants and small children
breastfeeding past 12 months of age
Select each of the following that are physical consequences of obesity during childhood
breathing problems, increased risk of heart disease, trouble sleeping, diabetes, high blood pressure
It looks like a tree, it's green, it gives you Vitamin A and C, and it is a vegetable.
broccoli
The following foods all contain fat except one: A) nuts B) margarine C) salad dressing D) broccoli
broccoli (d)
Which of the following is NOT a function of lipids
build and repair body tissue (Function: carry fat-soluble vitamins A,D,E,K, Insulate and protect vital organs, Provide energy reserves
This eating disorder usually has a better recovery rate because the person usually realizes what they are doing is not normal.
bulimia
which eating disorders is marked by repeated episodes of binge eating and purging along with a feeling of loss of control
bulimia nervosa
Because they usually are disgusted by their behavior and know it is abnormal, this eating disorder group is usually easier to treat
bulimics
Which of the following statements generally applies to the family backgrounds of people with bulimia nervosa
bulimics did not obtain an adequate sense of security and structure from their families
An average 1-year old requires about ______ kilocalories per day
c850 to 1,000
A natural stimulant that is thought to affect athletic performance through the central nervous system and improve exercise capacity is
caffeine
The active form of vitamin D is
calcitriol
The dairy group is a main supplier of the nutrient
calcium
The mineral found in the body in the most abundance is
calcium
The mineral that helps us have strong bones and teeth.
calcium
Vitamin D is essential in the proper absorption and metabolism of
calcium and phosphorus
Select each of the following that are true regarding lead toxicity in children
can result in slow growth and iron-deficiency anemia, can damage brain and the central nervous system, children with adequate intakes or iron, calcium, and zinc show less incidence of lead toxicity
Three of the following foods are good sources of potassim, this one is not: A) bananas B) canned peaches C) oranges D) potatoes
canned peaches (b)
To replace saturated fats with monounsaturated fats in your diet, you could use ________ instead of _________
canola oil, butter
A key ingredient of pre-exercise meals is
carbohydrate
A pre-exercise meal/snack should have this nutrient as it's main component.
carbohydrate
Nutritionists recommend that 50% or more of your daily calories should come from this nutrient.
carbohydrate
Protein combined with ___________ in a postexercise meal increases glycogen synthesis more than just carbohydrate alone
carbohydrate alone
A practice that is sometimes used by athletes for endurance events which loads up their easiest to burn energy and extends their performance time before they "hit the wall" is called
carbohydrate loading
This practice may be used by endurance athletes once or twice a year to extend their available energy for as long as possible before they "hit the wall".
carbohydrate loading
Sugars, starches, and dietary fibers are examples of
carbohydrates
The enzyme (from previous question) works on the nutrient group __________
carbohydrates
Energy-yielding nutrients (those providing kcalories) include
carbohydrates, proteins, and fats
Which of the following common foods provide the highest nutrient density for vitamin A (ug/kcal)
carrots
Which of the following is NOT part of the small intestine
cecum (Parts: duodenum, ileum, jejunum)
Individuals with _____________ disease cannot properly digest gluten found in wheat, rye, and oats
celiac
Intrinsic factor is produced by
cells in the stomach
Which of the following is not considered a pathogenic organism
chemicals
All of the following foods are high in sodium except one: A) sauerkraut B) pickles C) olives D) hotdogs E) chicken
chicken (e)
Introducing foods by the "one-bite" option means that the
child takes at least one bite of the foods presented
Vitamin A deficiency is rare in North America and Western Europe, however it is the leading cause of _________ worldwide
childhood blindness
People with bulimia nervosa often have low
chloride levels
A waxy like substance that clogs arteries and veins.
cholesterol
There are two types of fat in your blood, triglycerides and this one, which we try to eat less of.
cholesterol
Because of its link with glucose use and insulin, this mineral is sometimes used as a supplement to enhance exercise performance
chromium
_______help glucose be taken up by cells
chromium
The series of chemical reactions that take place in the cell's mitochondria to produce energy is called the ______
citric acid cycle
Most of out fluoride intake is from
city water
Which of the following substances crosses the placenta and enters into the fetus
cocaine, alcohol, marijuana
Most B vitamins function as
coenzymes
Prospectively recording information about behavior to identify the antecedents the behaviors of interest and the consequences
cognitive coping?
Which of the following will NOT denature a protein's shape
cold temperatures (Will: changes in alkalinity, changes in acidity, oxidation)
The first fluid from the breast, abundant in immune factors produced by the mother after birth is called
colostrum
Which type of weight-management approach is characterized as providing group or individual counseling and support while also selling prepackaged foods and nutritional supplements
commercial program
This is the process of putting two incomplete proteins together to create a complete protein.
complementing
These foods are an important source of energy, low in calories, and athletes load up on them before an event.
complex carbohydrates
Eating a high-fiber diet during pregnancy is likely to prevent
constipation, hemorroids, heartburn
The following statement(s) about recovery nutrition is/are true
consume 24 oz of fluid every pound of bosy weight loss and consume 16 oz of fluid for every pound of bosy weight loss
The most likely cause of vitamin A toxicity would be
consuming high levels of vitamin A supplements
To reduce the risk of cancer, the American Cancer society recommends all of the following except
controlling blood pressure (Recommends: maintaining a healthy weight, limiting alcohol consumption, eating a variety of foods with an emphasis on plant sources)
Much of our industrial Produced Food comes from what food (crop)?
corn
What's the main ingredient in animal feed?
corn
What is the primary source of protein in standard infant formulas
cow's milk
Which baby has the greatest risk for a deficiency of vitamin D
dark-skinned infant living in Alaska
The process of "unwinding" or taking apart a protein
denaturation
The process of "unwinding" or taking apart a protein.
denaturation
Android obesity (waist circumference of >40 inches for men, and >35 inches for women) is associated with increased risk of ______ and _____
diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease
The digestive system's main functions are
digestion and absorption
As as emulsifier, bile is needed for the
digestion of fat
Which of the following causes is not considered a political disruption to food distribution?
droughts
Which of the following is defined as a substance intended to diagnose, cure, mitigate, treat, or prevent disease
drug
The majority of digestion occurs in the
duodenum
Which of the following statements is INCORRECT regarding food labels
each manufacturer must decide what size serving they will use (Correct: The B vitamins are no longer required to be on the labels, they are regulated by the FDA, health claims are limited to a few of which have been proven)
All of the following are warning signs of Anorexia Nervosa EXCEPT
eating large quantities of food when eating out (Signs: loss of a significant amount of weight, amenorrhea (cessation of the mentrual period), preoccupation with food, calories, nutrition, and/or cooking)
They come from chickens; they give you protein just like meat, but they are also high in cholesterol, so we should only eat 2-3 per week.
eggs
Vitamin B is composed of how many compounds
eight
Consuming carbohydrates during exercise lasting one hour or longer
enhances physical performance and maintains blood glucose levels
A grain product with added thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, folic acid, and iron to replace those nutrients lost or diminished in food processing is
enriched
Replacing lost nutrients in foods is called
enrichment
Failure of the _____ sphincer will cause food to slide from the stomach back into the esophagus
esophageal
Nutrients that must be taken in through the diet because the body cannot make them are called
essential nutrients
The body cannot make this group of amino acids
essential or indispensable amino acids
Which of the following is NOT a function of the GI tract
exchange of oxygen within the blood vessels (Functions: movement of undigested material, secretion of digestive enzymes, transport of ingested food)
Chloride resides mainly in_______fluid and is critical for transporting nerve impulses and to maintaining acid-base balance
extracellular
A meal of steak and eggs is recommended for athletes before a game
false
Almost all physicians, dietitians, and nutrition scientists know that pregnant women will instinctively choose a diet providing all the necessary nutrients in approximately the recommended amounts
false
Athletes can safely use their thirst as an accurate indicator of how many fluid they need
false
Athletes should consume diets with less than 15 percent of their kcalories coming from fat
false
Because of a child's desire for sweets, they work well and are good to use as a reward
false
Breast size is an indicator of whether mothers will be successful with breast feeding
false
Honey is a good source of quick energy before a game
false
If a small amount of a vitamin is good, then a lot will always be better
false
Natural vitamins are superior to synthetic vitamins
false
Only liquid water can count as the water in the recommended adult intake of six to eight glasses per day
false
TRUE or FLASE The vitamins and minerals in "natural" and "health" foods are better for you than the vitamins and minerals in regular foods.
false
Thirst is an accurate indicator of fluids needed during exercise
false
To be Marketed and sold, nutritional ergogenic aids must meet rigorous government standards for safety, efficacy, potency, and legality
false
True or false? A negative energy balance occurs when you take in more calories than you need, and a positive energy balance occurs when you take in fewer calories than you need
false
True or false? A tell-tale warning sign for bulimia nervosa is a rapid change in body weight
false
True or false? A typical pregnancy lasts about 36 weeks
false
True or false? A water loss of 10% of body wight can cause coma and death
false
True or false? An individual's risk for developing atherosclerosis can be predicted by assessing total cholesterol more so then assessing either blood low-density lipoproteins or high-density lipoproteins in the blood
false
True or false? Anaerobic training builds endurance, which increases the number of mitochondria and improves the body's ability to deliver adequate amounts of oxygen to the mitochondria
false
True or false? Android obesity, or "apple shape," has fat predominantly distributed higher up around the abdomen and is more common in women, posing a higher health risk than gynoid obesity
false
True or false? Bone loss during amenorrhea which results as part of the female athlete triad is not as extreme as that which occurs during natural menopause, and typically does not result in further consequences
false
True or false? Bread is often fortified with vitamin D
false
True or false? Calcium is the most common nutrient deficiency among the US children
false
True or false? Carbohydrate loading starts about three weeks before an event, with glycogen content more than doubling in the athletes who follow a regimented high-carbohydrate program
false
True or false? Chloride is not a compound of table salt
false
True or false? Cholesterol is considered essential because it cannot be produced in the body
false
True or false? Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) tends to be based on controlled research
false
True or false? Consuming sugar-laden foods causes hyperactivity
false
True or false? Dietary supplements are regulated by the FDA in the same manner that all prescription and over-the-counter drugs are
false
Which has more vitamin C
1 C strawberry halves
The recommended range of protein intake for athletes is
1.2 to 1.7 g of protein/kg/day
The number of lbs that equal a kg.
2.2
A cup of water contains haw many cc's
240
A cup of water contains how many mls
240
To be on a low cholesterol diet, you must keep your milligrams of cholesterol this low.
300 milligrams
How many kcalories equal one pound of body weight
3500
The number of kcalories that equals 1 pound of weight.
3500
Alcohol contains
7 Kcal/g
1 gram of alcohol
7 kilocalories
Fat contains ________ Kcal/g
9
Fat has this many calories per gram, and protein and carbohydrate have four calories per gram.
9
The number of kcalories per gram for fat
9
True or false? Eating carbohydrates two to three hours prior to exercise often causes athletes to feel sluggish and bloated and should be avoided
false
True or false? Eating disorders are usually a temporary or mild change in eating patterns
false
The small intestine is divided into three parts. Which is the correct order (from the beginning in descending order)
Duodenum, jejunum, ileum
A survey that measures the prevalence and severity of food insecurity and hunger is:
Food Security Supplement survey
The organization responsible for the food label is the
Food and Drug Administration
Banana
Fruits
An organ that stores and concentrated bile from the liver
Gallbladder
The only form of sugar found in the blood that your body uses
Glucose
True or false? Family history is a risk for type 1 diabetes mellitus, but family history is not a risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus
false
True or false? For exercise lasting less than one hour, sports drinks containing carbohydrate are necessary to promote rapid absorption and to maintain hydration and energy levels
false
True or false? Generally, medications so not pass through breast milk and it is safe for mothers who are taking most prescription or over-the-counter medications to breastfed their babies
false
True or false? Irradiation is a process that destroys pathogenic bacteria by heating liquid foods to a prescribed temperature for a specified amount of time
false
Compared to 50 years age Americans today have a higher incidence of obesity primarily because we
Have less physical activity
True or false? It is possible that the genetic modifications that give crops the ability to kill insects can migrate to weeds that are growing nearby
false
True or false? Manufacturers must have approval from the FDA prior to marketing a supplement
false
True or false? Most patients with anorexia nervosa are cured after they are discharged from the hospital or treatment program
false
True or false? Most people overestimate the amount of food they consume
false
The mineral that is necessary for the proper functioning of the thyroid gland is:
Iodine
Why is your gastrointestinal (GI) tract an essential part of your body
It turns the food you eat into nutrients
A hormone produced by adipose cells that signals the amount of body fat content and influences food intake
Leptin
Using sports drinks to replace electrolytes is suggested for activities that last a minimum of ____ hours
NOT 2
A coordinated wave-like muscular contraction that propels food down the GI tract is called
Peristalsis
The major nutrients are
Protein, CHO, vitamins, water, minerals, fat
Which of the following statements best describes enzymes
Proteins that speed up chemical reactions but are not altered in the process
Glands in the mouth that release saliva
Salivary glands
True or false? Niacin is crucial to DNA synthesis and cell division, amino acid metabolism, and the maturation of red blood cells and other cells
false
True or false? Good dental hygiene, adequate fluoride, and a well-balanced diet are all key components for strong tooth formation will help prevent cavity formation
True
True or false? The GI tract is also known as the alimentary canal
True
True or false? Obesity is rare among low-income food-insecure groups due to a poor diet accompanied by disordered eating patterns.
false
True or false? Over the last 10 years the number of vegetarians has doubled in the United States
false
True or false? People with elevated high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels appear to have an increased risk of heart disease and stroke
false
True or false? Phytochemicals are complex plant chemicals that are essential for life
false
If you have diabetes, you need to watch food labels, particularly for this content per serving.
carbohydrate content
Pre-exercise meals should consist primarily of
carbohydrates
When you eat a sandwich and drink a glass of fruit juice, your GI tract breaks down the starch into glucose, a process referred to as:
catabolism
Fiber helps prevent this kind of cancer.
colon cancer
Persons with family history of _____are more likely to develop eating disorders
depression
Along with insulin and exercise, fiber also helps in the management of this disease.
diabetes
Exchange Lists were originally developed to help people with
diabetes
Increasing ________ is one of the most effective treatments for bowel and bladder problems
dietary fiber and fluids
Products that are intended to supplement the diet but are not conventional food or meals are known as
dietary supplements
The breaking apart of foods into smaller and smaller units is called
digestion
To get the nutrients you need, you must do the following: A) take vitamins B) eat large amounts of meat C) eat plenty of fruits and vegetables D) be a vegetarian E) eat a variety of foods from the food group
eat a variety of foods from the food groups? (e)
Allergic reaction; gastrointestinal side effect
echinacea
this is the part of the egg that is high in protein but has no cholesterol.
egg white
Proteins that speed up chemical reactions without being used up or destroyed in the process are called
enzymes
______ are used in the digestive systems to help break carbohydrates down into _______
enzymes, glucose
Which type of research study will compare disease rates among population groups and attempt to identify related conditions or behaviors
epidemiological
Which types of research study compares disease rates among population groups and attempts to identify related conditions or behaviors
epidemiological
Increasing protein intake will build muscle
false
Milk is a very good source of iron
false
True or false? Taking protein supplements or eating high-protein diets is an effective way to lose fat and gain muscle mass
false
True or false? Ten to 15 minutes of daily sunshine will provide an adequate supply of vitamin C
false
True or false? The RDA for vitamin C is 60 milligrams per day for men and 45 milligrams per day for women
false
True or false? The body can typically make nine essential amino acids
false
True or false? The estimated total kilocalorie intake increases as age advances
false
True or false? The majority of protein digestion occurs in the stomach
false
True or false? Plant food mineral content is typically pretty consistent, whereas animal-foods mineral content is more likely to vary
false
True or false? st. John's wort, gingseng, ginkgo biloba, and licorice are examples of herbal remedies known to be potentially dangerous for people taking medication for cardiovascular disease
false
Chronic pain in the upper abdomen that has no obvious physical cause is referred to as
functional dyspepsia
A food that may provide a health benefit beyond basic nutrition is known as a
functional food
Which of the following statements is true
human milk contains more cholesterol than infant formulas
Fluid found inside the cells is called
intracellular
Which toxicity can result in slow growth and iron-deficiency anemia and can damage the brain and central nervous system
lead
Headache, fluid retention, increased blood pressure, electrolyte imbalance, weakness, paralysis, and occasionally brain damage
licorice
A typical girl has achieved about 95 percent of her adult height by
menarche
Fetal alcohol syndrome causes
mental retardation
The major problem with fast foods for adolescents is that these are
often high in fat and kcalories and often low in calcium and fiber
These types of fatty acids have been shown to decrease the risk of abnormal heartbeats, decrease triglyceride levels, slow the rate of atherosclerosis, and slightly lower blood pressure
omega-3 fatty acids
Examples of ________ fatty acids include seeds, nuts, and vegetable oils
omega-6
You can season your food with all these except this one to keep it low in salt: A) lemon juice B) vinegar C) onion salt D) garlic powder E) fresh herbs
onion salt (c)
Which of the following foods is not a common food allergen for infants
rice
This type of formula is lactose-free, iron-fortified, and the main carbohydrate sources are corn syrup and sucrose
soy-based formula
_____is an example of a neural tube defect in infants
spina bifida
Carbohydrates are fuel nutrients and come from these two types of foods.
starches and sugars
If a food is labeled "enriched" that means that
the nutrients that were lost during processing have been put back in
True or false? Elders are more susceptible to infection and other types of illness
true
Being overweight can increase your risk of all the following except one: A) hypertension or high blood pressure B) heart disease C) ulcers D) diabetes
ulcers (C)
When you eat more protein than you need, your kidneys excrete______in urine, and your liver uses carbon skeletons to produce energy glucose, or fat
urea
Select each of the following vitamins and minerals which are of most concern in adolescence because they play important roles in adolescent growth
vitamin A, iron, and calcium
A deficiency of this vitamin will eventually result in the disease scurvy
vitamin C
This vitamin's chemical name is ascorbic acid.
vitamin C
True or false? Prions are chemicals used to control and kill insects and fungi on plants and fruit that we eat
false
True or false? Protein-energy malnutrition is most common in Europe and the United States
false
True or false? Salting, drying, or fermenting foods creates an environment in which bacteria are able to easily multiply
false
True or false? Secondary behavior in children, such as long periods of television watching, is thought to be unrelated to the development of dietary eating habits of children
false
True or false? The most common types of dietary supplements used in the United States are over-the-counter weight loss products
false
True or false? The onset of osteoporosis occurs rapidly and usually as a result of a fall, or hip injury
false
True or false? The surgeon general recommends avoiding phytochemicals in the diet
false
True or false? Vegetarians typically have a higher incidence of colon cancer and heart disease
false
True or false? Water-soluble vitamins are stored in the body
false
True or false? Weight-cycling is pattern of losing weight and modifying the diet to keep the weight off.
false
True or false? Wheat bran and phytate (e. g., whole grains, nuts, and seeds) and oxlate (e.g., spinach) increase calcium absorption
false
Vitamin and mineral supplements are needed by most athletes
false
TRUE or FALSE Diabetes is caused from eating too many sweets.
false Diabetes is a disease of the pancreas caused by heredity, a virus, is sometimes drug induced, and can be brought on by obesity.
TRUE or FALSE When using sugar, it is better to use raw sugar or honey because they contain less calories than white sugar.
false Honey (22 calories per teaspoon) contains more calories than white sugar (16 calories per teaspoon).
TRUE or FALSE Margarine contains fewer calories than butter.
false Margarine and butter both contain 45 calories per teaspoon. But most margarines are polyunsaturated where butter contains saturated fat and is high in cholesterol.
TRUE of FALSE Vitamins and minerals add calories to food.
false Only carbohydrates, proteins, and fats provide calories in the diet.
Cake icing, butter, margarine, salad dressing, gravy, and cheese or cream sauce all have a high content of this nutrient that we need less of.
fat
If you have a gallbladder disease, you need to eat a diet low in this nutrient.
fat
Most American eat too much of this nutrient, especially in saturated form.
fat
In situations when the body cannot use glucose for energy, such as in the case with diabetes, cells turn to _______ as an energy source
fat and protein
Vitamins are classified as
fat soluble and water soluble
A clinical symptom of iron-deficiency anemia is
fatigue and pale skin
Which of the following statements is true with regards to sociocultural influences on obesity
fatness is increasing in the United States, and so is idealized wight
The most kcalorie dense food sources are
fats
All types of plant foods, but not animal sources of food, contain this type of carbohydrate
fiber
This CHO aids in relieving constipation and diarrhea by it's ability to absorb water.
fiber
This is found in whole grain breads and cereals, nuts, legumes, and raw fruits and vegetables.
fiber
Which of the following groups, based on recent research, is likely to live the longest
fit, overweight men/women
This mineral is added to municipal water supplies and important for strong tooth enamel.
flouride
This is very important to increase when you increase the fiber content of your diet
fluid
This is very important to increase when you increase the fiber content of your diet.
fluid
The body is said to be in water balance when
fluid intake equals output
This is very important to increase at the same time you increase fiber in your diet.
fluid/water
The mineral added to water that helps prevent tooth decay is
fluoride
A defect in the formation of the neural tube during early fetal development can occur from a deficiency of
folate
Spina befida is an example of a neural tube defect. Women are being urged to take supplements of _____ before conception to decrease the risk of these birth defects
folate
Spina bifida and heart disease have been associated with a deficiency in which of the following
folate
The nutrient that decreases the risk of neural tube defects is
folic acid
This nutrient is vital for pregnant women to have early in their pregnancy to help prevent neural tube defects.
folic acid
Which of the following is defined as a product that we eat or drink as well as all of the components of that product
food
An anxiety about having enough to eat or running out of money to purchase food is called
food insecurity
The primary food security program that helps participants purchase food but not nonfood items is called the
food stamp program
A reliable food source of vitamin D is
fortified milk
A substance continually produced in our cells that over time may cause damage to DNA and other important cell structures is known as a
free radical
This substance "bounces around" inside us, damaging cells and contributing to the aging process. Antioxidants help "neutralize" them.
free radicals
Typically, candies, soft drinks, deserts, and jellies are high in
fructose
Apples, peaches, oranges, and pears are all part of this group that we need 2-4 servings of daily.
fruit group
What food groups do most of us need more of and are your "good friends"?
fruits and vegetables
This monosaccharide does not usually exist in food by itself, but is joined to other sugars to form disaccharides, starch, or dietary fiber
galactose
Bile is stored and concentrated in the
gall bladder
The primary function of the ________is to store and concentrate bile from the liver
gallbladder
This surgery is often used as a last resort to "force" the person to lose weight.
gastric bypass (gastroplasty or stomach stapling)
Which is NOT a maternal physiological change
gastrointestinal motility speeds up to get mote nutrients to the fetus (fat stores increase to provide energy for late pregnancy and lactation, blood volume expands by nearly 50 percent, breast tissues prepare for lactation)
The most common surgical procedure for treating morbid obesity is
gastroplasty or gastric bypass
GRAS measn
generally recognized as safe
The type of diabetes that develops as a result of pregnancy, and usually goes away once the pregnancy is over is called
gestational diabetes
The first phase of adolescent physical growth is
getting taller
Headache, nausea, gastrointestinal upset, diarrhea, dizziness, allergic skin reactions, increased bleeding risk
ginkgo biloba
The only form of sugar found in the blood that your body uses.
glucose
The primary fuel in the body is
glucose
All of the following amino acids are essential EXCEPT
glutamate (Essential: valine, tryptophan, phenylalanine)
The storage form of CHO
glycogen
The storage form of CHO.
glycogen
A deficiency of iodine can cause a
goiter
Which of the following is NOT a mandatory requirement for a food label
gross weight of contents (Requirements: nutrition information, name and address of manufacturer, statement of identity)
A pattern of fat being predominantly distributed around the hips and thighs, more common in women, is known as
gynoid obesity
excess storage of fat located primarily in the buttocks and theighs
gynoid obesity
The statement "I need to run 10 miles or get some laxatives," is probably said by a person who
has bulimia nervosa
The contents of the gallbladder and pancreas enter
he duodenum
A diet too high in cholesterol may lead to this disease.
heart disease
Which type of food iron is most efficiently absorbed
heme iron
A high sodium intake is associated with one of the following health problems. A) arthritis B) kidney disease C) high blood pressure
high blood pressure (c)
Which characteristics do PHF (potentially hazardous foods) have
high protein, high moisture, and low acidity
Select each of the following that are considered goals of the genetic modification of foods
higher crop yields, lower costs, increased amount of critical nutrients, creating a healthier mix of plant oils)
Ingredients should be posted in order of
highest concentration to lowest concentration
Which of the following is NOT classified as one of the ten nonessential amino acids
histidine (Nonessential: asparagine, serine, alanine)
Vitamin D is considered both a vitamin and a(n)
hormone
Which of the following would be the worst choice in a pre-game meal?
hot dogs
Water needs of a 4-month-old infant who does not eat solids are best met by
human milk or formula
_________ kills many disease-causing bacteria that may have been ingested
hydrochloric acid
The chemical process where a unsaturated fat is turned into a saturated fat
hydrogenation
The chemical process where a unsaturated fat is turned into a saturated fat.
hydrogenation
Having more fat cells than average is called ____ obesity
hypercellular
An abnormally high blood glucose level is called
hyperglycemia
The most successful treatment for anorexia nervosa involves
impatient psychological, nutritional, and medical therapy, often involving the whole family
A good idea for preventing constipation it to
include more high-fiber foods intake
Which of the following does not describe a physiological change of aging
increase in taste sensitivity
Which of the following dietary guidelines is INCORRECT
increase intake of fats and oils high in saturated and trans fatty acids (Correct: increase fruits and vegetables, limit foods with refined grains and added sugar, reduce your sodium intake)
Which is NOT part of the recommended nutrition guidelines for vegetarians
increase intake of refined foods (Part: choose a variety of fruits, choose a variety of vegetables, include nuts, seeds, and legumes)
If the elderly would increase physical activity they could
increase muscle strength and mobility
The age-related change of increased gastric pH production will impact nutrient requirements in which of the following ways the most
increase need for vitamin B12, folic acid, calcium, iron, and zinc
Which of the following is NOT a sign of dehydration
increased appetite (Signs: elevated heart rate at given exercise intensity, decreased performance, increased rate or perceived exertion during activity)
The female athlete triad includes all of the following EXCEPT
increased red blood cell volume (Includes: disordered eating, ammenorhea, osteoporosis)
Trans fatty acids are associated with
increasing blood cholesterol levels
Trans fatty acids are associated with
increasing heart disease risk
Protein needs are higher during ____than at any other time in the life cycle
infancy
This stage of life is when we have the highest requirement for both kcalories and protein for our weight.
infancy
Which individual should have the highest percentage of protein in his or her diet
infant
Select each of the correct statements regarding insulin
insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas, insulin production is stimulated by the intake of fat and amino acids
This is required for B12 to be absorbed through the stomach lining.
intrinsic factor
What mineral deficiency is the largest cause of preventable brain damage and impaired psychomotor development in the developing world?
iodine
The most dependable and abundant source of iodine in the American diet is
iodized salt
A low serum (blood) concentration of hemoglobin is most associated with a deficiency of
iron
Infants are born with a supply of this nutrient that will last them about 4-6 months.
iron
The increased breakdown of red blood cells in the foot capillaries of long distance runners contributes to a low status of which nutrient
iron
The most common mineral deficiency in the world is
iron
The protein group is a main supplier of
iron
This mineral regulates our red blood cells and keeps us from being anemic.
iron
Which mineral deficiency is the most common worldwide
iron
Which mineral is known for transporting oxygen in blood
iron
Which combination of nutrients are the most difficult to consume in sufficient amounts by healthy pregnant women who eat well-balanced diets
iron, folate
During childhood, the group of vitamins that require the most concern include
iron, zinc, vitamin E, and vitamin D
What is a good first food to offer an infant
iron-fortified rice cereal
Cow's milk should not be used in infant feeding until the infant
is 1 year old
The gestational diabetes that disappears at delivery
is linked to development of diabetes later in life
Whole cow's milk should be avoided during infancy because it
is too high in protein
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of breastfeeding for the mother
it is a reliable form of birth control (it is inexpensive, breastfeeding stimulates uterine contractions which helps the uterus return to normal size, possible savings in health care costs for the infant)
Preconception healthcare is most important for a woman who wants to have a baby because
it is important to resolve health concerns that could harm he or her baby
What is the main advantage for introducing one new food at a time to an infant
it will be easier to identify foods that cause allergic reactions
Which if the following is a water-insoluble fibrous protein that is responsible for string hair and nails
keratin
This is what forms when the body burns too much of it's body fat and doesn't have enough CHO to "get the fire roaring"
ketones
This is what forms when the body burns too much of it's body fat and doesn't have enough CHO to "get the fire roaring".
ketones
When no carbohydrates are available, fat is burned for energy and is not completely broke down. That causes these acidic compounds to form
ketosis
Excess amounts of most water-soluble vitamins are excreted by the
kidneys
A protein deficiency resulting in swelling of the body tissue primarily in the feet, legs, and belly is called
kwashiorkor
The energy system that is the speediest ans simplest access to glucose and doesn't require oxygen is the
lactic acid energy system
Milk sugar is known as
lactose
The kind of sugar found in milk
lactose
The kind of sugar found in milk.
lactose
Adequate iron intake is a general concern for children. From the list of foods, select those that are good sources or iron
legumes, broccoli, poultry, ground beef, orange and yellow colored vegetables, raisins
Which of the following is a characteristic of the organism Escherichia coli
likely sources include raw or undercooked meat
How fat travels in the blood
lipoprotein
How fat travels in the blood?
lipoprotein
Once absorbed, amino acids travel from the small intestine via the portal vein to the
liver
The organ that stores nutrients and also detoxifies is the
liver
The organ which produces bile is the
liver
Which organ stores and releases glucose as needed to maintain blood sugar levels
liver
The main cause of diverticulosis is due to a diet
low in fiber
Characteristics of the DASH diet include which of the following
low-fat dairy products, low in total fat, low in saturated fat, low in cholesterol, rich in fruits and vegetables
Compared to men, the basal metabolism rate of women is
lower
Which of the following is not one of the three parts of the small intestine
macrodenum
The Exchange Lists define groups in terms of
macronutrient content
Carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids are considered
macronutrients
Failure to achieve nutrient requirements, which can impair physical and mental health, is called
malnutrition
Two glucose molecules joined together form
maltose
Which is NOT a common monosaccharide found in the diet
maltose
reducing negative self-talk increasing positive self talk and challenging beliefs that undermine your resolve and contribute to negative emotions
managing emotions?
In the mouth, __________ is the mechanical process which breaks up food
mastication
This is the technical name for chewing.
mastication
The typical American diet is usually high in
meats and potatoes
All of the following are typical symptoms of foodborne illness EXCEPT
memory loss (diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal cramps)
During vitamin absorption, water-soluble vitamins are absorbed into the bloodstream, whereas fat-soluble vitamins are carried to the brush border for absorption by
micelles
It comes from cows. it makes cheese, and it gives you protein and calcium.
milk
It is the best source of calcium in our diet.
milk
The most nutrient dense food source of calcium with high bioavailability is
milk and milk products
This group provides an important mineral, calcium, and a significant source of protein in our diet that we need 2-3 servings daily.
milk group
Calcium, phosphorous, iron, and potassium are examples of this important nutrient that helps you grow and helps your body use food.
minerals
Which of the following is an inorganic nutrient?
minerals
The power plant within a cell that contains many of the breakdown pathways that produce energy is the
mitochondrion
All CHO must be broken down into these before they can be absorbed
monosaccharides
All CHO must be broken down into these before they can be absorbed.
monosaccharides
Which is NOT considered a lipid
monosaccharides (Lipids: sterols, triglycerides, phospholipids)
Type of fat recommended to raise good cholesterol.
monounsaturated/polyunsaturated
The largest seed company in the world is?
monsanto
According to CDC date on obesity trends, which of the following states had the lowest rate of obesity in the year 2010
montana
Which of the following statements is FALSE
most people with eating disorders will be cured if treated early (True: anorexics "feel fat" despite their low body weight, many anorexics have experienced an emotional trauma in their past, bulimics usually realize their behavior is abnormal)
These are two of the most common symptoms of foodborne illness.
nausea and vomiting
A severely ill person would likely have which of the following nitrogen balances
negative
A dislike for anything new or unfamiliar is called
neophobia
Which of the following biological factors appears to influence the development of eating disorders
neurotransmitter levels in the brain
The body needs __________ to synthesize fatty acids
niacin
The vitamin that is currently being used to lower blood cholesterol levels is
niacin
Tryptophan is a precursor of
niacin
The element that gives protein it's unique body building properties
nitrogen
Which of the following is NOT one of the most common additives
nitrogen
Some behaviors adopted by those with bulimia nervosa to avoid gaining weight include all the following except
none (self-induced vomiting, use of laxatives, excessive exercise)
Some behaviors adopted by those with bulimia nervosa to avoid gaining weight include all of the following except
none of these are correct (Self-induced vomiting, use of laxatives, excessive exercise)
The nutrient content of a food, compared to its total kcalories (or as I like to refer to it - the "pricetag" of the food), is referred to as
nutrient density
Select each of the following characteristics of type 1 diabetes mellitus
occurs in people younger than 30 and often develops suddenly, symptoms include excessive thirst, frequent urination, rapid weight loss and blurred vision, although blood glucose levels are high, the lack of insulin prevents glucose from entering cells to be burned for energy, glucose has trouble entering body cells because either the pancreas cannot produce insulin or cells in the body become resistant to the action of insulin
One of the following foods helps to increase iron absorption: A) milk B) spinach C) whole wheat bread D) orange juice
orange juice (d) Vitamin C or ascorbic acid improves absorption of iron from either food sources or supplements.
The best source of most B vitamins are
organ meats, breads and cereals, pork
Using high doses of a nutrient to treat or prevent disease is called
orthomolecular nutrition
Long term lack of enough calcium in the diet can cause this disease.
osteoporosis
The female athlete triad combines disordered eating with what other condition
osteoporosis and amenorrhea
A condition caused by overeating and not enough activity.
overweight or obesity
By the end of a marathon, approximately 98 percent of your muscles' needs are met by the
oxygen energy system
Which energy burning systems will breakdown and use both CHO and Fat for energy
oxygen energy system
Which energy system can extract energy from fat as well as glucose
oxygen energy system
Which of the following energy system is aerobic (require oxygen in order to work)
oxygen energy system
Which of the following groups would be most at risk for potassium deficiency
patients taking diuretics
All of the following foods except this are good sources of protein: A) meat B) milk C) pears D) nuts
pears (c)
which of the following statements is true with regards to sociocultural influences on obesity
people residing in the Southern United States have a higher incidence of obesity
This is the wave like muscular action that moves food along the digestive system.
peristalsis
Waves of muscular contraction which push food down the esophagus are part of
peristalsis
Which mineral is a component of ATP, DNA, and RNA, a component of the mineral complex hydroxyapatite in bone, and is abundant in our food supply
phosphorus
The practice of eating nonfood substances such as clay or laundry starch during pregnancy is called
pica
Which type of fatty acid has two or more carbon double bonds
polyunsaturated
This item has no fat. It mainly contains sugar and far too much is consumed by the average American (and is "evil" according to your instructor).
pop/soda
Both cholesterol and saturated fat in foods can increase blood cholesterol. This food contains cholesterol along with saturated fat: A) palm oil B) pork lard C) peanut butter D) shortening made from vegetable fat
pork lard (b)
Once in the bloodstream, carbohydrates travel to the liver through the _________
portal vein
when a person eats more than they need they have a
positive energy balance
Too much of this mineral can slow and eventually stop the heart, therefore supplementation should be taken only under the care of a physician
potassium
Salt substitute is a combination of these two minerals.
potassium and chloride
The most important underlying reason for chronic hunger is
poverty
Which infant formula s typically the least expensive
powdered
Impaired glucose tolerance that results in a blood glucose level that is higher than normal yet not high enough to be diagnosed as diabetes is known as
pre-diabetes
A substance from which the body can manufacture a vitamin is called
precursor
Which is added to foods to prevent spoilage and increase shelf life
preservatives
Between potato chips and pretzels, This one is the better low fat choice of snack food.
pretzels
To reduce the risk of cancer, a person should decrease fat consumption and increase consumption of all of the following except
processed grains (Increase: fiber, vegetables, fruits)
The most common cause of low blood potassium include
prolonged vomiting, chronic diarrhea, laxative abuse, and use of diuretics
The constant recycling of protein in the body is known as
protein turnover
Three of the six nutrients that are essential for the body's good nutrition.
proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water
Besides nutrients to make us grow and function, we need calories to burn for energy. These three nutrients also provide calories: A) protein B) vitamins C) fats D) minerals E) carbohydrates F) water
proteins, fats, and carbohydrates (a, c, e)
All foods are on an exchange list, such as the bread/starch list, will
provide about the same amount of carbohydrates, protein, and fat per serving
Which of the following is NOT a function of water
provides caloric energy in the body (Functions: serves as a shock absorber and cleaning agent, carries food through the digestive system, transports nutrient to cells and tissues)
What is missing from the binge-eating disorder cycle that is present in the emotional/behavioral cycle of a bulimic
purging
What is the most common reason for tooth decay in an infant
putting the baby to bed with a bottle
The best common food source of iron is
red meats
This process removes the outer husk, bran layers, and sometimes the inner germ of the grain kernel. White flour is an example of this process, which is called
refinement
To learn about diet of any kind, or about nutrition, you should ask this professional.
registered dietitian
The most dependable sources for up-to-date, accurate nutrition information are
registered dietitian nutritionists (RDN)
Most of our energy is typically expended on basic body functions that account for 60 to 75 percent of total energy expenditure; this energy use is called
resting energy expenditure
The energy spent in maintaining all involuntary processes in the body at rest for a period of 24 hours is called
resting energy expenditure
Another term for basal metabolic rate is
resting metabolic rate
Upon hospitalization, the first concern in treating anorexia nervosa patients is
restoring nutritional status
This is the best first solid food to give babies, as it is very unlikely to cause an allergic reaction.
rice cereal (iron-fortified)
Which of the following diseases is associated with a vitamin D deficiency
rickets
One of the following foods does not contain any carbohydrates: A) lentils B) yogurt C) rice D) roast beef
roast beef (d)
Snack foods and commercially prepared foods normally have a great deal of this added and are best eaten sparingly.
salt
The most obvious way to decrease sodium intake is to reduce the use of this substance, both in cooking and at the table.
salt
We add it during cooking. We sprinkle it on our meal at the table. It makes food taste good.
salt
Boullion cubes are low in fat, but high in this mineral that causes high blood pressure if we eat too much of it.
salt or sodium
As taste threshold declines with age, the sense of which flavors declines first
salty and sweet
Feeling of satisfaction and fullness that terminates a meal
satiation
the effects of a food or meal that delay subsequent intake
satiety
Both coconut and palm oils are considered vegetable oils, but they contain a large amount of this fat that should be avoided when possible.
saturated fat
Solid at room temperature & includes all animal fats.
saturated fat
Solid at room temperature and includes animal fat
saturated fat
This fat is solid at room temperature and raising your blood cholesterol more than anything else in your diet.
saturated fat
A deficiency associated with inadequate levels of vitamin C is
scurvy
This type of hypertension results for another problem, such as a kidney defect
secondary hypertension
A series of muscular contractions that breaks up and mixes chyme within the small intestine is called
segmentation
The overweight woman (BMI 25 to 29.9)
should gain about 15-25 pounds
The part of the large intestine which is s-shaped is the
sigmoid colon
Which of the following signs is NOT used to determine that a breastfed infant is obtaining adequate nourishment
sleeping through the night (Weight gain, frequency of urination, frequency of bowl movements)
During the second and third trimesters, the suggested weight gain for a pregnant woman who is carrying one fetus and whose pre-pregnancy weight was normal is ___ per week
slightly less than 1 pound
Most carbohydrate digestion takes place in the
small intestine
Most digestion and absorption take place here.
small intestine
Most of the digestive processes occur in the stomach
small intestine
which eating disorder factor involves pressure from the media, society, and other women to attain unrealistic levels of thinness
sociological
Which micronutrient is NOT a particular concern for the growth of adolescents
sodium
Of the following minerals, this one is found in higher concentrations in soft water than in hard water: A) calcium B) magnesium C) potassium D) sodium
sodium (d)
Salt is a combination of these two minerals.
sodium and chloride
Key minerals involved in fluid balance are
sodium and potassium
The following statement is true about replacing fluid losses during exercise
sodium should also be replaces when exercise lasts more than 2 hours
Which of the following is NOT one of the 3 tastes humans are "hard-wired" to like?
sour
The esophageal sphincter is located between the
stomach and esophagus
A claim that describes the potential effect of a food, food component, or a dietary supplement is called a
structure/function claim
Cakes, cookies, and candy are examples of foods with a lot of this high calorie, no nutrient value food that also causes tooth decay.
sugar
What is wrong with giving juice in a bottle or propping up a bottle of formula for him/her to drink at bed time
sugar bathes the teeth, bacteria grow and produce acids from sugar, acids dissolve tooth structre
The Dietary Guidelines
suggest foods to increase foods to increase and foods to reduce in our diet AND encourage variety, nutrient density, calorie control and moderation
Which agency provides food assistance, nutrition education, and referrals to health care services to low-income pregnant, postpartum, and breastfeeding women as well as infants and children up to the age of five
supplemental food program for women, infants, and children
Some research indicates that lowering sodium may reduce
systolic blood pressure
Most of our dietary chloride comes from
table salt
Heat exhaustion/heat stroke are more likely to occur under what condtion
temperature + humidity = 150 or more
A pharmacological dose (megadose) of a vitamin is defined as an intake of more than
ten times the RDA
The body cannot make this group of amino acids.
the Essential AA's (or indispensable AA's)
Our immediate surroundings influence our behaviors and may contribute to weight issues. This is an example of
the build environment
This is the name of the energy producing cycle of chemical reactions, that takes place in the cell's mitochondria.
the citric acid cycle (or the Kreb's cycle)
In the process of swallowing, food cannot normally enter the trachea because
the epiglottis covers over the trachea
What sphincter is between the esophagus and the stomach
the esophageal valve
Foodborne illness symptoms are very similar to what other common sickness
the flu
This is the only place you find the nutrient content of a food listed in percent, as in % Daily Value
the food label
This food group is a main supplier of the B vitamins and carbohydrates (and fortified iron).
the grain/bread food group
What is the likely cause of iron-deficiency anemia in infants
the infant consumes a cow's milk diet which has little iron
What accounts for a 3-month-old infant not being able to swallow strained foods that are offered on a spoon
the infant still exhibits the extrusion reflex
Why should formula over 48 hours old be discarded
the infant's saliva has contaminated formula with bacteria and enzymes
In the elderly, excessive intake of dietary protein may be a problem for
the kidneys
If a food is labeled as "enriched" that means that
the nutrients that were lost during processing have been put back in
This food group is our main naturally occurring source of iron.
the protein/meat group
The body expends energy to digest, absorb, and metabolize nutrients, which is referred to as _________and accounts for approximately 10 percent of total energy expenditure
thermic effect of food
Which of the following is not true about vitamins
they are an important source of energy for us
What is the main advantage of soy-based formula
they are lactose-free
What do eggs, fish, and nuts have in common
they are likely to cause allergies in infants
The vitamin that prevents beriberi is
thiamin
The best indicator of how much water/fluid a healthy person needs to
thirst
If a pregnant woman needs to increase the amount of vitamin A in her body, the best source of vitamin A would be in foods such as
those that contain bate-carotene
Which of the following is not an objective that caregivers want to accomplish
to control their child's discipline through food (to form lifelong habits, to find a happy medium between too strict of a diet or too many inappropriate items, a willingness to try foods)
The vitamin called E is actually a family of compounds called
tocopherols
Lycopene is commonly found in
tomato sauce
Besides causing weight gain, eating a lot of sweets can cause this health problem and you may have to make a trip to the dentist.
tooth decay
The largest category of lipids is
triglycerides
The most abundant form of fat in food & your body.
triglycerides
___ are the major energy source in human milk, providing about 50 to 55 percent of the calorues
triglycerides
A child's dislike of a food should be accepted without carrying on about them not eating the item
true
A person is more likely to develop an eating disorder if he or she has a family history of obsessive-compulsive disorders, anxiety disorders, and depression
true
A person more likely to develop an eating disorder if he or she has a family history of obsessive-compulsive disorders, anxiety disorders, and depression
true
As we age, the percent of water in out body decreases
true
Breast milk is the best food for infants
true
For short-term exercise, carbohydrate is the main energy source ; for long endurance events, fat is the primary energy source
true
It is a good idea to avoid or limit caffeine during pregnancy
true
Many studies report high levels of well-being among elders
true
Milk production in breast feeding is determined by infant demand (sucking), ex=more sucking, more milk produced or less sucking, less milk produced
true
Nearly half of the adult skeletal mass is formed during the teen tears
true
Protein combined with carbohydrate in a post-exercise meal increases glycogen restoration more than carbohydrate alone
true
Regular exercise helps control appetite
true
Salt tablets are not advised for athletes
true
The increased calorie needs for athletes can be met by a balanced diet
true
The major component of the blood is water
true
The major source of calories from exercise should be complex carbohydrates
true
True or false? A benefit of breastfeeding to the mother is increased uterine contractions, which helps the uterus return to its normal size
true
True or false? A healthy liver can store up to a year's supply of vitamin A
true
True or false? A high serum HDL level indicated a healthier cholesterol value than a high serum LDL level
true
True or false? A process called hydrogenation creates most trans fatty acids
true
True or false? A supplement may enhance the diet of a child who is a picky eater
true
True or false? Adding hydrogen atoms to an unsaturated fatty acid will make the texture of that fatty acid more solid
true
True or false? Adolescence commonly is defined as the time between the onset of puberty and adulthood
true
True or false? Adolescent pregnancy poses concern in regard to nutritional deficiencies and risk for preeclampsia, anemia, premature birth, low birth weight, infant mortality, and sexually transmitted diseases
true
True or false? Adolescents who engage in unhealthful weight-loss methods are more likely to engage in other risky behaviors, such as tobacco, alcohol, or other drug use, unprotected sex, suicide attempts, and delinquency
true
True or false? After treatment, about 30% of patients with Bulimia Nervosa become symptom-free; the rest struggle with the disorder to some degree throughout their lives
true
True or false? Although bone loss with age is a major contributor to osteoporosis, maximizing peak bone mass early in life can go a long way toward preventing or at least delaying osteoporosis
true
True or false? Although less than 1% of body calcium is in blood and soft tissue, that small amount is vitally important in muscle contraction, nerve impulse transmission, blood clotting, and cell metabolism
true
True or false? An adolescent who is malnourished and has small stature at the point of epiphyseal (long bone) closure may not achieve his or her full potential height
true
True or false? An iron deficiency can cause profound fatigue and possibly death.
true
True or false? Atypical girl will achieve about 95 percent of her adult height by menarche and grow only 2 to 4 inches during the remainder of adolescence
true
True or false? Because of menstrual losses and lower dietary iron intakes, female athletes have a greater risk of iron deficiency than male athletes
true
True or false? Because of possible vitamin A toxicity, pregnant women should be wary of retinol-containing supplements and avoid retinoid-containing medications
true
True or false? Both too much and too little Iodine cause the condition goiter
true
True or false? By his or her first birthday, an infant will have tripled his or her birth weight and increased his or her length by about 50 percent
true
True or false? By the age of 10 years old, the daily energy requirements are bout double that compared to when the child was 1 year old
true
True or false? Calcium-fortified orange juice, yogurt with live cultures, and cereals with folic acid are examples of functional foods
true
True or false? Calories saved by eating "low-fat" fast foods are often negligible
true
True or false? Carbohydrate loading for events lasting less than 60 to 90 minutes provides little benefit
true
True or false? Cardiovascular disease is the number one killer in the United States, and a good example of how genetic influences affect the development of disease
true
True or false? Claims that a product has benefits only and has no side effects should be considered false
true
True or false? Countries that have begun to use iodized salt have seen tremendous decreases in the prevalence of iodine deficiency disorder.
true
True or false? Development of foodborne illness results from the interaction of three factors: the pathogen, the host, and the environment
true
True or false? Development of foodborne illnesses result from the interactions between the pathogen, the host, and the environment in which they exist and interact
true
True or false? Diets high in animal proteins are linked to high cholesterol level and heart disease
true
True or false? Drinking fluids high in glucose after exercise can partially compensate for and decrease the negative effects of glycogen depletion
true
True or false? During the childhood years, a typical child will gain about 5 pounds and grow 2 to 3 inches each year
true
True or false? During the process of osmosis, when the concentration of eater inside the cell is greater than outside of the cell, water flows into the cell to equalize the concentration
true
True or false? Eating disorders frequently beings during adolescence because teens often become preoccupied with their weight, appearance, and eating habits
true
True or false? Eating preserved meat and salt-preserved foods are both probable factors related to increased risk of cancer development
true
True or false? Endurance athletes involved in heavy training should consume 1.2 to 1.4 grams of protein per kilogram body weight each day
true
True or false? Endurance training enhances the body's use of fat as fuel
true
True or false? Energy intake that is too low can lead to loss of muscle mass, menstrual dysfunction, lower bone density, and increased risk of fatigue, injury, and illness
true
True or false? Excess protein consumption may cause dehydration and strain kidneyfunction
true
True or false? Excess protein is either used for energy or stored as fat
true
True or false? Expectant mothers' blood volume increases during pregnancy
true
True or false? Fewer men are diagnosed with anorexia nervosa than females
true
True or false? For girls, a growth spurt begins between ages 10 and 12
true
True or false? For obese people with sleep apnea, modest weight loss can improve the condition as well as sleep quality
true
True or false? Good guidelines to consider if selecting a multivitamin supplement is that the supplement contains at least 20 different vitamins and minerals each no more than 100% of its Daily Value
true
True or false? Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) is a food industry program that focuses on preventing food contamination by identifying ares in food production and retail where contamination could possibly occur
true
True or false? High doses of niacin can cause an uncomfortable flushing reaction of the face and arms, along with headache, blurred vision, and, in severe cases, liver damage
true
True or false? High intake of foods rich in dietary fiber offer many health benefits, including reduced risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and gastrointestinal disorders
true
True or false? Homeless individuals often rely on soup kitchens or other pubic programs for much of their food.
true
True or false? If all bonds between the carbon atoms in a fatty acid chain are single bonds, then the fatty acid is called saturated
true
True or false? If you do not eat enough calcium in your diet, and your blood calcium levels fall as a result, your body will draw on reserves of calcium and phosphorus in bones in an effort to maintain blood calcium levels
true
True or false? If your body does not have a sufficient carbohydrates and fat to break down into energy, the body breaks down protein and extracts energy from the amino acids
true
True or false? If your body does not have sufficient carbohydrates and fat to break down into energy, the body breaks down protein and extracts energy from the amino acids
true
True or false? In adults, vitamin K deficiency is extremely rare and occurs in people with fat malabsorption problems
true
True or false? In the female athlete triad, stress fractures often result because of the lack of estrogen
true
True or false? Inadequate weight gain and poor nutrition during the first stages of pregnancy are associated with preterm birth
true
True or false? Increased consumption of foods that contain carotenoids, such as dark-green leafy vegetables, corn, and egg yolks, is associated with a lower incidence and slower progression of age-related mascular degeneration
true
True or false? Infectious diarrhea is especially dangerous and can cause infants and children to die quickly.
true
True or false? It is suggested that the same lifestyle changes that help to reduce the risk of atherosclerosis and hypertension can also reduce the risk of cancer
true
True or false? Many eating disorders start with a simple diet
true
True or false? Megadoses of vitamin B6 can cause painful, partly irreversible nerve damage that causes numbness in the extremities and interferes with walking
true
True or false? Millions of illnesses, hundred of thousands of hospitalizations, and thousands of deaths per year are caused by foodborne illnesses
true
True or false? Obesity is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease
true
True or false? Obesity is defined as a BMI equal or greater than 30 or a body weight that exceeds 20 percent above a recommended weight range in a height-weight table
true
True or false? One nutrient known to prevent birth defects is folic acid
true
True or false? Osmosis cause water to flow back and forth through the cell membrane
true
True or false? Our food choices are more likely to affect our risk for developing chronic diseases, such as heart disease, or cancer, than to affect our susceptibility to acute diseases such as getting a fever or the flu
true
True or false? People in rural areas may live far from food resources and lack access to transportation to food sources.
true
True or false? People tend to eat more in cold weather and less in hot weather
true
True or false? People with higher amounts of lean body mass typically have a higher resting metabolic rate
true
True or false? People with malabsorption syndrome often may try large nutrient doses to compensate for nutritive losses and to override intestinal barriers to absorption
true
True or false? Phytochemicals help neutralize free radicals
true
True or false? Prior to supplementation and fortification programs, deficiency of iodine was more common in the Midwest region of America
true
True or false? Researchers have found that food insecurity is strongly associated with poverty and interlinked with economic and social factors.
true
True or false? Sales of organic foods are regulated by the National Organic Program (NOP) standards through the USDA
true
True or false? Saliva production and digestive secretion tend to decrease in old age, whereas constipation, gas, and bloating are common complaints
true
True or false? Salmonella bacteria are prevalent in poultry and eggs that are not thoroughly cooked
true
True or false? Smoking during pregnancy increases the risks of all of the following: placental problems, miscarrying, delivering a stillborn infant, giving birth prematurely, and delivering a low-birth-weight infant
true
True or false? Some combinations of supplements or using some supplements together with either prescriptions or over-the-counter medications could produce potentially harmful adverse effects
true
True or false? Sources of phosphorus include protein-rich foods such as milk, meat, and eggs along with processed meats and soft drinks
true
True or false? Sources of riboflavin include dairy products, enriched grains, eggs, and organ meats
true
True or false? Studies have linked abnormal levels or neurotransmitters, especially serotonin, in people to eating disorders
true
True or false? Studies show that a child who is obese between the ages of 10 and 13 has an 80 percent chance of becoming an obese adult
true
True or false? Taking a vitamin at megadose levels can cause the vitamin to act as a drug, rather than as a supplement
true
True or false? The Supplemental Food Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) provides food to pregnant and breastfeeding women, infants, and preschoolers.
true
True or false? The average patient with builima nervosa is an unmarried Caucasian woman in her twenties or thirties with a normal or near-normal body weight
true
True or false? The best way for athletes to sensibly lose weight is to reduce caloric intake moderately and modify their training program
true
True or false? The first nutrition priority for athletes should be to obtain adequate energy intake
true
True or false? The human body requires over 100 milligrams per day of major minerals less than 100 milligrams per day of trace minerals
true
True or false? The long-term effectiveness of gastric surgery depends on how patient manage their eating
true
True or false? The meals on wheels program is a voluntary, not-for-profit organization established to provide nutritious meals to homebound poeple
true
True or false? The primary therapeutic goals for treatment of anorexia nervosa are the restoration of body weight and return of menses
true
True or false? The protein hormones insulin play a key role in regulating the amount of glucose in the blood
true
True or false? The release of milk from the breast tissue in response to the stimulus of the hormone oxytocin is called the let-down reflex
true
True or false? The thirst mechanism is the best indicator of fluid needs for the typical healthy person
true
True or false? There is a high risk that crops engineered to contain insecticides will harm nondestructive species important to biodiversity
true
True or false? To balance energy needs as we age, a 60-year-old, for example, will need to increase his/her physical activity and/or decrease calories intake in order to maintain weight
true
True or false? To provide adequate levels of energy, young athletes are encouraged to eat healthy meals and snacks prior to and after exercise
true
True or false? Under FDA guidelines, a functional food's label may have a nutrient content claim, health claim, or structure/function claim
true
True or false? Vitamin B12 is absorbed in the stomach and requires a substance called intrinsic factor
true
True or false? Vitamin C helps protect cells from oxidative damage and may reduce the risk of heart disease and certain types of cancer
true
True or false? Vitamin D is important for calcium absorption
true
True or false? Vitamin D is unique because given sufficient sunlight, your body can make all that it needs and dietary vitamin D intake is not necessary
true
True or false? Vitamins are found in every food group, including fats and oils
true
True or false? Water loss of 20 percent of body weight can cause coma and death
true
True or false? We tend to require less than energy as we age, mainly because of reduced physical activity and loss of lean body mass
true
True or false? When one is obese, a modest wight loss can reduce the risk of heart disease and diabetes
true
True or false? Women who smoke tobacco or marijuana during pregnancy have an increased risk or miscarriage
true
True or false? body mass index (BMI) has become the accepted method for assessing body weight for height
true
True or false? some obese children already deal with the cardiovascular consequences of obesity, such as lipid abnormalities andhypertension
true
TRUE or FALSE Fiber, which is indigestible carbohydrate, is beneficial for good health.
true Fiber helps prevent constipation, colon cancer, helps regulate blood sugar, and is known to help keep cholesterol down and weight under control.
Which has more Vitamin E
two large egg yolks
Which of the following contains the most sodium
two slices of thick-crust cheese pizza (one fourth of the 14" diameter pizza)
What disease has become an "epidemic" in our country, mainly due to our increased obesity?
type 2 diabetes
Drowsiness; withdrawal symptoms if abruptly discontinued
valerian
This vegetarian will eat no animal products.
vegan
This is the type of fat that is located in the part of the body that causes the most health damage.
visceral fat
Night blindness may be caused by a deficiency of
vitamin A
Night-blindness is caused from the lack of this vitamin.
vitamin A
The leading cause of childhood blindness in the world today is a dietary deficiency of
vitamin A
Which vitamin deficiency can possibly lead to permanent blindness
vitamin A
Which vitamin plays a primary role in vision and the development of body cells
vitamin A
Which of the following is the developing world's most common cause of preventable blindness in children
vitamin A deficiency
Which of the following nutrients are all important dietary factors for reducing osteoporosis risk
vitamin A, calcium, Vitamin D
Dried beans & peas area good source of fiber and several other nutrients. They are not a good source of this: A) protein B) iron C) vitamin C D) B vitamins
vitamin C? (C)
In the aged, aging skin is less able to make
vitamin D
The vitamin is called the sunshine vitamin
vitamin D
The vitamin that aids in the prevention of rickets is
vitamin D
This vitamin helps you absorb Calcium.
vitamin D
This vitamin is found widely available and functions as an antioxidant
vitamin E
This vitamin helps your blot clot.
vitamin K
Which nutrient is given to newborns because their intestinal tracts are sterile at birth
vitamin K
Which vitamin is primarily responsible for blood clotting
vitamin K
this vitamin is important in helping your blood to clot and make you stop bleeding when you cut yourself. Spinach is a good source of it.
vitamin K
Megadoses of this vitamin in it's active form may be a teratogen (cause birth defects)
vitamins A
The human body has more of this substance (by weight) than any other substance
water
This nutrient helps carry other nutrients around in your body, helps you digest food and carry waste away, and helps keep your body at the right temperature.
water
This nutrients accounts for over half of most peoples body weight.
water
Which nutrient is NOT required to be posted on the Nutrition Facts panel
water (Required: vitamins A and C, carbohydrate grams, fat grams)
On average a full term infant at birth
weighs 7 to 8 pounds, is about 20 inches long
The RDA for an adult for protein
what is .8 grams per kilogram
Which of the following is not correct about feeding a resident
when the resident is done with what they want, you may finish the rest to avoid wasting food (the resident should be positioned upright for feeding, you should engage in pleasant conversation with the resident while feeding them, items should be fed individually and not mixed together)
To avoid constipation the pregnant woman should increase her intake of
whole-grain bread, bran, fluids, and fruits
The statement. "I only ate 125 kcalories today," is probably said by a person
with anorexia nervosa
Between ice cream and yogurt, you would choose this one to eat less fat.
yogurt
Potassium aids in regulating the contractions of what important muscle
your heart
This is the best, easy to understand tool to use as a guide to a nutritious diet for the average American.
"Choose My Plate"
This is the "good" cholesterol in your blood.
"HDL's" (high density lipoproteins)
Which component of the Nutrition Facts panel can be used as an effective way to compare the fat, cholesterol, sodium, carbohydrates, or protein content in one serving of the product
% Daily Value
One of the following oils is not recommended and should be "watched for" on product labels: A) coconut oil B) safflower oil C) olive oil D) peanut oil
(a) Coconut oil is saturated fat while the others are all polyunsaturated or monounsaturated and are recommended for use by the American heart Association.
Our bodies can manufacture Vitamin D from the sun. The substance Vitamin D is made from is _________
(not bacteria)
Which of the following is true about water soluble vitamins
(not they may be toxic)
The RDA for an adult for protein.
.8 grams per kilogram
Vitamins contain
0 Kcal/g
A daily deficit of 500 kcalories should result in a loss of approximately_______ pounds of body fat per week
1
During the Early period of recovery (up to four hours) after glycogen-depleting exercise, the athlete should consume
1 g of carbohydrate/kg/hour
Which has more Potassium
1 medium-sized white potato (baked)
One serving from the Bread/Cereal Group would be equivalent to this much bread or this much rice or pasta.
1 slice of bread and 1/2 cup rice or pasta
An effective way to replenish glycogen stores after an event is to consume _______ of body weight within_________of completing the exercise
1 to 1.5 grams/kg, 30 minutes
A healthy newborn can consume about _____ of break milk or formula in one feeding
1 to 2 fluid ounces
Infants should be fed breast milk or formula until they are this age.
1 year
The American Heart Association recommends limiting sodium to ___________milligrams per day
1,500
Which of the following contains the least sodium
1/2 C chocolate ice cream
which has more Vitamin A
1/2 carrot strips or slices
Of the following foods, this contains the most proteitn: A) 1 slice of bread B) 1 Tbsp. Peanut Butter C) 1/2 C. cooked navy beans D) 1/2 C. ice cream
1/2 cup cooked navy beans (c)
Which has more magnesium
1/4 C dried sesame seeds (whole)
Doses of a nutrient that are _____ or more times the recommended amount are called mega-doses
10
Doses of a nutrient that are _____or more times the recommended amount are called megadoses
10
The amount of a nutrient (taken as a supplement) that is considered a mega-dose?
10 times the RDA
The AMDR for protein is ___________ percent of the total calories each day
10 to 35
If a food contains 12 gms of fat, how many kcalories from fat does it have
108
The number of kcalories a food has that contains 5 grams of CHO & 10 grams fat.
110 kcalories
The number of kcalories a food has that contains 5 grams of CHO and 10 grams fot
110 kcalories
How many major slaughter houses exist in the US today?
13
When the temperature + humidity equal this amount, there is an increased risk of heat exhaustion/heat stroke?
150 or more
A women who is 5'10 and large framed has an ideal body weight of
165 lbs
How many kilocalories are in 21 grams of fat
189
According to the information included in your slides, for every pound lost during physical activity the athlete needs to replace how much fluid
2 cups
For every pound of fluid loss an athlete has during a practice or event they need to replace this amount of fluid.
2 cups (16 ounces)
Which of the following contains the most sodiumm
2 tablespoon (Tbsp) mustard
A fluid loss as low as _____ of initial body weight can decrease performance by elevating heart rate and lowering cardiac output
2%
Percent Daily Values (PDV) represents a __________ calorie/day diet
2,000
Lean women with a BMI less than ____ have increased risks of preterm delivery and delivering a low-birth-weight infant
20
When body fat falls below ____, the athlete's body often stops producing the hormones needed to make estrogen, resulting in menstrual cycle irregularities
20%
The AMDR for fat is ___________ percent of daily kilocalorie intake
20-35
The average American consumes how many pounds of meat per year?
200
We need to keep our total blood cholesterol below this amount to prevent atherosclerosis.
200
The approximate amount of CHO the body can store as glycogen
200-500 gm (800-2000 Kcal)
The approximate amount of CHO the body can store as glycogen.
200-500 gm (800-2000 Kcal)
One teaspoon of salt contains about _____ of sodium
2000 milligrams
One teaspoon of salt is this many milligrams of sodium.
2000 milligrams
Weight gain in pregnancy for an average weight person should usually be about
25 to 35 pounds
Of the following foods, which is the best source of Vitamin K
3 cups spinach
Which has more iron
3 ounces (oz) cooked 90% lean ground beef
Which has more Calcium
3 oz canned salmon with bones (drained)
Approximately _______________ people die in the United States each year from foodborne illnesses
3,000
We usually achieve our peak bone mass around the age of
30
What % of our crop land is planted in corn?
30%
Your body can take about _________ to absorb and distribute water you drink throughout the body
30-60 minutes
It is recommended to consume less than __________mg of cholesterol per day to decrease the risk for developing heart disease
300
Protein and CHO have this many kcalories per gram.
4
The kcalorie content per gram of CHO and Protein
4 Kcal/gram
What is the kcalorie content per gram of CHO & Protein?
4 Kcal/gram
1 gram of carbohydrates
4 kilocalories
1 gram of protein
4 kilocalories
The daily recommended level for folic acid supplementation during pregnancy is ____micrograms
400-900
The AMDR for carbohydrate is __________ percent of the daily kilocalories
45 to 65
Overall, water is somewhere between _______percent of a person's body weight
45 to 75
Athletes engaging in moderate-intensity exercise for 60 to 90 minutes per day consume
5 to 7 g of carbohydrate/kg/day
The estimated minimal level of body fat compatible with health is
5% for males and 12% for females
The thermic effect of food accounts for approximately______ of energy expenditure
5% to 10%
Research has found that a weight loss of this amount will likely result in significant health improvement, typically improving BP, glucose, cholesterol and trigylceride levels.
5-10%
Significant health improvement is seen when an overweight/obese person loses what % of body weight
5-10%
What percent of minorities will end up with this disease (from previous question)?
50%
Protein powder supplements are a relatively easy way to add extra kilocalories to a person's diet. About how many kilocalories per day are suggested to increase if a person is trying to gain weight
500 to 1,000 kilocalories
How much sodium is in a Lean Cuisine Chicken Chow Mein with Rice frozen entree
550 mg
The protein RDA a 154 lb person needs
56 grams
The protein RDA a 154 lb person needs?
56 grams
Infant iron stores are depleted by ________ of age and need to be replaced in their diet
6 months
What is the recommended age for beginning iron supplementation of a breastfed infant
6 months
Your body is approximately ______ percent water
60
How much sodium is in a 1/2 C of spaghetti sauce with meat
600 mg
The grams of fat someone eating 1900 total kcalories per day should have if they want 30% of the kcalories come from fat
63 gram fat
The grams of fat someone eating 1900 total kcalories per day should have if they want 30% of the kcalories to come from fat.
63 grams fat
The number of kcalories per gram for fat.
9
1 gram of fat
9 kilocalories
In 2008, what percent of the soybeans were "round-up ready"?
90%
How much sodium is in a Burger King Whopper
99 mg
Serious birth defects may occur when pregnant women consume very large supplement doses of vitamin
A
If you have an illness that is causing you to be deficient in a nutrient, it is called
A secondary deficiency
A circular muscle that can open and close and regulates the flow of materials in one direction is referred to as
A sphincter
Phosphorus is necessary for the forming of the high energy bond in _________
ATP
This is what energy is stored as.
ATP
This energy system energy gives energy very quickly but is also used up within seconds.
ATP-CP
Which energy system can power all-out effort from 3 to 15 seconds
ATP-CP
Reading food labels help consumers
All (identify amounts of salt or sodium in the product, determine the sugar content of the product, determine amount and kind of fat in the product, choose foods with good sources of dietary fiber)
Which of the following nutrients may be absorbed by the colon
All (minerals such as sodium and potassium, some vitamins synthesized by bacteria, water)
A major social factor involved in the development of eating disorders, especially among women, is
All (peer pressure to be more in control of one's behavior, an unrealistic standard of thinness, the fashion industries failure to design attractive clothes for heavy people)
Learning new ways or responding to old cues or circumstances that can't be changed or avoided
Alternate behaviors?
The grain group is a main supplier of _______
B vitamins and carbohydrates
Strict vegetarians or Vegans may have a deficiency of this vitamin after a few years when the body is deleted of its stores, as it is only provided by animal products
B-12
Breastfed infants of vegan mothers may need which vitamin supplement
B12
The best current method used to determine whether someone is overweight or obese is
BMI
This is the currently used assessment to determine if you are normal weight, overweight or obese.
BMI
Which of the following would provide the best sources of potassium
Banana, orange juice, dates
Jane has celiac disease. How can she fight against abdominal pain, bloating, and constipation
By eating food that is free of gluten
Sarah suffers from constipation. How can her digestion be improved
By performing mild exercise, and adding fiber and water to her diet
The nutrient that is the primary fuel for your body
CHO
The nutrient that is the primary fuel for your body.
CHO
These are the two minerals most often deficient in American's diets.
Calcium and Iron
What are the three MAJOR categories of nutrients your body requires daily
Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats
A nonprofit recreation center that wants to provide lunches for the elderly can apply for food funding through the ___ program.
Child and Adult Care Food
Which program provides funds for children's meals and snacks at nonprofit licensed child-care centers, day care homes, after-school programs, and similar settings?
Child and Adult Care Food Program
Which of the following is an educational tool that translates the principles of the Dietary Guidelines for Amerricans
Choose My Plate
The fluid mixture that moves from the stomach to the duodenum is called
Chyme
Which of the following systems is used to transport nutrients in your body
Circulatory
What Supreme Court Justice was previously an attorney for the largest seed company in American?
Clarence Thomas
A toxin-producing bacterium from improperly canned foods that causes a rare but deadly illness is
Clostridium botulinum
Dietary standards used to compare the amount of nutrients in a serving of food to
Daily Values
The ______ states food additives cannot be approved if they cause cancer in humans or animals
Delaney clause
