Nutrition Final

What is considered "normal weight" according to BMI scores?

18.5-24.9

In terms of energy expenditure NEAT can account for how much variation between individuals:

2000 kcal

How many minutes per day of physical activity is recommended for individuals trying to lost or maintain weight?

30-60 min/day

Approximately what percentage of individuals diagnosed with anorexia nervosa are women?

90%

Obesity is defined as...

A BMI greater than 30 and having excess body fat that adversely affects health

Which type of obesity is a great concern for chronic disease?

Abdominal obesity (high visceral fat around organs)

Which eating disorder is characterized by extremely low body weight?

Anorexia

What counts as healthful weight? a.)Appropriate weight for age and physical development b.)A weight that you can achieve and sustain without severely curtailing your food intake c.)A weight that helps you achieve healthy biomarkers, such as normal blood cholesterol d.)A and C only e.) all of the above

E.) all of the above

Which of the following is/are not true regarding food additives? a.) Food additives are used as flavor enhancers, colors and antioxidants b.) The Delaney clause was designed to protect consumers from additives that may cause cancer c.)the GRAS list refers to additives proven not to cause cancer d.)Food additives are seen as a serious health issue by the FDA e.) both C and D

E.) both C and D

The principles of intuitive eating can be summarized how....?

Eat when you are hungry, choose foods you believe will satisfy you, stay connected and eat with enjoyment, stop eating when you are physically satisfied

A women with a waist measurement of 31 inches is at an increased risk for the development of some chronic diseases T or F?

False

Abdominal obesity is more damaging to health because this kind of fat is harder to lose. True or False

False

BMI is a measurement used to determine a person's body composition. True or False

False

Disordered eating behavior is only seen in females. T or F

False

Electrolyte imbalance is seen in anorexia nervosa, and not in bulimia nervosa. T or F

False

Hot sauce can kill the microbes in raw foods... T or F

False

Obesity is a simple matter of too many Calories in versus too few Calories out. True or False

False

Organic farms cannot use pesticides. T or F

False

Organically grown foods are just as likely to be contaminated with pesticide residues as conventionally grown foods. T or F

False

Organically grown foods are more nutrient dense than conventionally grown foods. T or F

False

Oversecretion of the hormone leptin will result in weight gain. True or False

False

Refrigerating or freezing foods will kill most or all bacteria present in the food. T or F

False

Twin studies have shown that unrelated men on identical calorie restriction will have very similar weight loss outcomes. T or F

False

The number 1 food safety concern according to the FDA is...

Food-borne illness

What is the primary symptom associated with bulimia nervosa?

Frequent episodes of extreme overeating followed by purging

The original objective in the development of GMO's was to...

Improve crop protection from pesticides and herbicides

Which two hormones decrease appetite?

Leptin and PYY

What is the term used when a person's body weight exceeds 100% of normal?

Morbidly obese

Justin is an offensive lineman on his college football team. He is 6'3" and weighs 335 pounds, with a BMI of 42. What is likely the reason for Justin's high BMI?

Muscle weight is probably responsible for his high BMI

What is the leading cause of food borne illness in the US.

Norovirus

Why does the body reduce nonvital functions in untreated anorexia nervosa?

The body needs to conserve energy

"Superbugs" are strains of bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics. T or F

True

A 100% organic food, as regulated by the USDA, cannot contain GMOs, growth hormone and is grown with minimal to no synthetic pesticides and petroleum based fertilizers. T or F

True

A diagnosis of metabolic syndrome indicates an increased risk for heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and stroke. True of False?

True

A higher lean body mass results in higher energy expenditure through BMR (Basal Metabolic Rate). True or False

True

An individual's body composition refers to the amount of fat tissue mass as compared with lean tissue mass. True or False

True

Any organism in which the DNA has been altered using recombinant DNA technology is considered a genetically modified organism. T or F

True

Apple-shaped body pattern is associated with risk for chronic disease. True or False

True

Basal metabolism, the energy expended to maintain the body's resting functions, accounts for the majority of our total energy output each day. T or F

True

Body dysmorphic disorder is a psychiatric condition. T or F

True

Body dysmorphic disorder usually occurs in men. T or F

True

Female athletes who experience amenorrhea are at risk for developing osteoporosis. T or F

True

If your sibling has or has had an eating disorder, you have an increased risk of developing an eating disorder. T or F

True

In some people Leptin produced in the body does not function properly causing obesity. T or F

True

Individuals suffering from binge-eating disorder and night-eating syndrome are often overweight or obese. T or F

True

Inflammation is one of the side health risks that can be caused by high abdominal obesity. True or False

True

Many people with bulimia nervosa maintain a normal weight t or F

True

Metabolic syndrome is associated most with adipose cells stored in the abdominal cavity. True or False

True

Night-eating syndrome is associated with obesity. T or F?

True

Nutrition counseling is an important aspect of inpatient (hospital) treatment for eating disorders... T or F

True

Peer relationships are thought to influence the risk of developing anorexia nervosa. T or F

True

People on low Kcal diets see an increase in appetite and a decrease in BMR. T or F

True

Starting, stopping and then diets is an example of disordered eating. T or F

True

The USDA organic seal on a product indicates that the food contains at least 95% organic ingredients. T or F

True

The more processed a food is prior to consumption, the less energy it takes to digest this food. True or False

True

The most abundant genetically modified food crops in the U.S. are herbicide-tolerant corn and soybeans. T or F

True

The only way to be sure that meat is thoroughly cooked is to check the internal temperature with a food thermometer. T or F

True

The safety of raw seafood cannot be guaranteed; it should always be cooked to reduce the risk of foodborne illness. T or F

True

Waist circumference alone can indicate one's risk for chronic disease. True or False

True

Which of the following foods are highest in pesticides? a.)strawberries b.)avocados c.)kiwis d.)pineapple

a)strawberries

If Julie wanted to increase her BMR she should do which of the following? a.)lift weights b.)drink low fat milk c.)reduce her calorie intake d.)poop more

a.) lift weights

Which of the following is true regarding causes of obesity? a.)a person who has more brown fat is more likely to be lean b.)people who routinely sleep 5 hours or less are less likely to be overweight c.)when caloric intake is reduced, people release fat from adipose cells at the same rate...

a.)a person who has more brown fat is more likely to be lean

Monosodium glutamate (MSG) in soup, iodine in table salt, and beet extract in strawberry ice cream are all examples of...

additives

Which one is the biggest component of energy expenditure? a.)physical activity b.)BMR c.)Thermic effect of food (TEF)

b.) BMR

Which of the following individuals would most likely have the lowest basal metabolic rate? a.)a 28 YO conditioned male b.) a 28 YO sedentary female c.)a 28 YO normal weight male d.) a 28 YO pregnant woman

b.) a 28 YO sedentary female

The electrolyte imbalances that are often seen with eating disorders can result in... a.)chronic constipation b.)irregular heartbeat and heart failure c.)elevated HDL-cholesterol d.)bone loss

b.) irregular heartbeat and heart failure

Which of the following is not required for certification as a USDA-certified organic farm? a.)inspection by a government approved certifier b.)complete avoidance of all pesticides c.)avoidance of growth hormones and GMO's d.)farming practices that conserve soil and water

b.)complete avoidance of all pesticides

Energy restriction alone leads to low BMR, because... a.)We burn less calories because of smaller food intake b.)it leads to loss of lean body mass c.)it leads to protein excretion from the body

b.)it leads to loss of lean body mass

Which one is NOT associated with a higher BMR? a.)greater height b.)lower lean body mass c.)stress and fever d.)younger age

b.)lower lean body mass

Which of the following is the physiological control center for hunger regulation? a.) the stomach b.)the hypothalamus c.)the small intesine d.)the mouth

b.)the hypothalamus

Five years ago Annie lost weight. Prior to losing the weight, she had a BMI of 40. She has kept of all of the weight she lost. which of the following will not be experienced by Anne as a result of this weight loss? a.)improved insulin sensitivity b.)reduced hypertension (high blood pressure) c.)decreased HDL levels d.)Decreased LDL levels

c.) decreased HDL levels

Which method is a better indicator at estimating risk for chronic disease? a.)Body Weight b.) BMI c.) Fat distribution (body shape) d.)All of the above

c.) fat distribution (body shape)

Which of the following affects the amount of energy individuals expend during physical activities? a.)body size b.)intensity of activity c.)time of day d.) body size and intensity of activity e.)all of the above

c.)body size and intensity of activity

Which one of these items do you not need to wash? a.)strawberries b.) brocolli c.)chicken d.)you need to wash all of these

c.)chicken

Which of the following is NOT a recommended method for preventing cross-contamination? a.)washing utensils and cutting boards with soap and hot water b.)marinating raw food in the fridge c.)cutting different kinds of raw food with the same knife d.)separating raw and cooked foods

c.)cutting different kinds of raw food with the same knife

What is BMI helpful at showing? a.)body fat percent b.)body shape c.)health risk d.)differentiating bone and muscle loss in the elderly

c.)health risk

The primary determinant of basal metabolic rate is an individual's ______ a.)gender b.)fat body mass c.)lean body mass d)age

c.)lean body mass

Which of the following is NOT considered a basal function? a.)respiration b.)circulation of your blood and lymph c.)walking up stairs d.)maintaining your body temperature

c.)walking up stairs

What is the Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) list?

catalogue of food additives generally regarded as safe; established in 1958 by the U.S. congress

If you were a doctor, which of the following would you recommend to improve the health of your obese patients? a.)to Stop smoking and drink moderately b.)to stop smoking and never drink c.)to exercise 3 times per week and eat five fruits and vegetables every day d.) a and only

d.) a and c only

Increase in obesity rates in the US is alarming because it is associated with many conditions including... a.) hypertension b.)depression c.)premature death d.) all of the above

d.) all of the above

Which of the following can lead to disordered eating? a.)desire to lose weight b.)an athletes desire to improve competitive performance c.)a preoccupation with eating only healthy food d.)all of the above

d.) all of the above

Which of the following is NOT one of the body's protective responses after encountering foodborne microbes? a.)vomiting and diarrhea b.)increased production of white blood cells c.)fever d.)increased blood glucose levels

d.) increased blood glucose levels

People with muscle dysmorphia typically... a.)exercise excessively but do not engage in disordered eating behaviors b.)consume a high carbohydrate diet c.)Seek opportunities to expose their muscular body to others d.)report "Feeling fat"

d.) report "feeling fat"

What physiologic factors increase satiety? a.)stomach expansion b.)nutrient absorption through the stomach c.)increase in blood glucose levels d.)A&C only e.)all of the above

d.) stomach expansion and increase in blood glucose levels

Which of the following neuroendocrine differences between normal weight and overweight people have been identified? a.) differences in leptin's effectiveness b.)differences in levels of PYY when fasting and after meals c.)differences in peristalsis after eating d.)a and b only

d.)a and b only

Who is at a higher risk for weight gain? a.)low level of thyroid hormone b.)low lean body mass c.)use of certain medications, such as steroids d.)all of the above

d.)all of the above

When energy-yielding nutrients are consumed in excess, which one(s) can lead to storage of fat? a.)protein b.)carbs c.)fat and carbs only d.)fat, protein and carbs

d.)fat protein and carbs

The risks and benefits of the use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) is a topic of much debate. Which of the following is a benefit of GMOs? a.) increased biodiversity b.)reduction in the growth of superweeds c.)increased competition and diversity of agricultural technology companies d.)higher crop yields

d.)higher crop yields

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic associated with muscle dysmorphia? a.)engaging in rigid and excessive exercise routines b.)increased rates of anxiety and depression c.)Using muscle-enhancing drugs and/or supplements d.)purging by using laxatives and/or vomiting at least daily

d.)purging by using laxatives and/or vomiting at least daily

The female athlete triad consists of what three conditions?

disordered eating, amenorrhea, osteoporosis

Which macronutrient takes the least energy for digestion?

fats

What is a substance intentionally put in foods to enhance appearance, pallatability, safety and/ or quality?

food additives

A limitation of the Body Mass index (BMI) is...

it does not take body composition into account

When Jocelyn fidgets throughout a lecture class, she is expending Calories via a mechanism known as...

non-exercise activity thermogenesis

Which of the following is most commonly associated with food-borne illness. a.)foods of animal origin b.)fruits c.)grains d.)veggies

obviously the animals fucckboi

According to recent studies, which group of BMI values experience the lowest risk of dying prematurely?

overweight (25<BMI<29.9

what is the safest method of thawing meats?

the bottom shelf of the fridge

The amount of energy expended by the body in digesting, absorbing, transporting, metabolizing, and storing nutrients is called

the thermic effect of food

Which degree of cooking has the most risk for causing foodborne illnesses?

undercooked and raw foods