Nutrition - Final Exam Review

Intrinsic factor is needed to absorb vitamin

B-12

Lauren wants to lower her risk of cardiovascular disease. Based on this information she should

Become more physically active

Nikki has a disease that interferes with the production of lipase in her pancreas. Based on this information, a sign of this disease is

High amounts of fat in the stools

The Tolerable Upper Limit for a nutrient is the

Highest average amount that is unlikely to harm most people when consumed daily

Which of the following substances participates in the digestion of proteins?

Hydrochloric acid

Shawn's waist circumference is 42 inches, his blood pressure is consistently high, and his fasting blood glucose level is 120 mg/d. Based on this information, Shawn has

Metabolic syndrome

__________ is the sum of all chemical reactions that occur in living cells.

Metabolism

_________ are a major end product of fat digestion.

Monoglycerides

Proteins

Provide about 4 kcal/gram

In the body, some lipids

Provide insulation against cold temperatures

The amount of vitamin C that meets about 98% of the population's need for the nutrient is the _______ for the vitamin.

RDA

In the human body, water is needed to

Remove wastes

T/F. A person can reduce his or her metabolic rate by eating a very-low-calorie diet.

True

T/F. A polyunsaturated fatty acid has two or more double bonds between carbons in the hydrocarbon chain.

True

T/F. Cigarette smoking increases the production of oxidized LDL cholesterol.

True

T/F. Hemoglobin is the protein in red blood cells that transports oxygen.

True

T/F. LDL transports cholesterol to tissues.

True

T/F. On average, a healthy young women has slightly less body water than a healthy young man.

True

T/F. Phospholipids are partially water soluble.

True

T/F. Proteins in your blood help maintain proper acid-base balance.

True

T/F. The pyloric sphincter controls the rate at which chyme enters the small intestine.

True

T/F. Vitamins are organic micronutrients.

True

Which of the following foods is a naturally rich source of omega-3 fatty acids?

Tuna fish

Which of the following diets may not provide enough high-quality protein and energy to support a child's growth?

Vegan

The lining of the small intestine is covered with ___________, tiny, finger-like structures that absorb nutrients from food.

Villi

__________ fat is located deep within the abdominal region and protects digestive organs.

Visceral

Which of the following vitamins is a teratogen when consumed in excess?

Vitamin A

The body can store large amount of ________ in the liver.

Vitamin B-12

Which of the following substances is a nutrient that doesn't supply any energy for the human body?

Vitamin C

Which of the following vitamins can be made by the human body?

Vitamin D

The human body can absorb some of the ________ that's made by intestinal bacteria.

Vitamin K

_________ are fat-soluble vitamins.

Vitamins K, E and D

April wants to add _______ to her salad, because the food is a naturally rich source of omega-3 fats.

Walnuts

Which of the following foods is a naturally rich source of saturated fat and cholesterol?

Whole milk

An essential nutrient

must be supplied by your diet

The human body needs vitamin K to

Produce blood clotting factors

According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americas, ___________ is a nutrient of public health concern.

Potassium

Amy has type 1 diabetes. Based on this information, which of the following statements is true?

Amy needs to obtain insulin either by injections or an insulin pump.

A(An) ________ is a substance that protects vulnerable molecules from free radicals.

Antioxidant

Proteins

Are comprised of amino acids

Which of the following foods is energy-dense?

Potato chips

The "carbon skeleton" of an amino acid has the ________ attached to the anchor carbon atom.

Acid group and the R-group

Which of the following groups of Americans has the highest risk of hypertension?

African Americans

__________ is the only form of vitamin E that your body uses.

Alpha-tocopherol

Which of the following substances are the end products of protein digestion?

Amino acids

An Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) is the

Amount of a nutrient that meets the needs of 50% of healthy people in a particular population

A serving of food contains 15 g carbohydrate, 3 g protein, 5 g fat, 5 mg vitmamin C and 4 oz of water. Based on this information, a serving of this food supplies is ___________ kcal.

117

Adam's usual caloric intake is 2200 call per day. According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, added sugars should contribute less than 10% of a person's total energy intake. Therefore, he should limit his added sugar intake to less than _______ kcal per day.

220

Demi wants to follow the Dietary Guidelines recommendations for saturated fat intake. He currently consumes a diet that supplies 2700 kcal per day. To meet the recommendations of the Dietary Guidelines, he should limit his saturated fat intake to less than ________ kcal per day.

270

Luis is a healthy 23-year-old male who is 6'2" and weighs 220 pounds. Based on this information, his RDA for protein is _______ grams.

80

Which of the following substances is a provitamin or a precursor for a vitamin?

Beta-carotene

Which of the following substances enhances the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins in the small intestine?

Bile

The _________ is a numerical value that's based on the relationship between weight and chronic health problems associated with excess body fat.

Body mass index

Which of the following cooking methods can result in major losses of water-soluble vitamins?

Boiling in a saucepan of water

Which of the following cellular activities is an example of anabolism?

Bone cells using protein, calcium and phosphorus to repair a bone fracture

Basal metabolism includes energy needs for

Breathing

Carter wants to lower his blood cholesterol level. Based on this information, he should limit his intake of

Butter and beef

Which of the following substances is a mild diuretic?

Caffeine

When she prepares food, Felicia wants to use a product that's a rich source of unsaturated fat. Based on this information, which of the following fats or oils should she select?

Canola oil

A serving of food supplies 18 g protein, 20 g carbohydrate, 7 g fat, 18 mg vitamin E, 2 mg iron and 100 g water. Which of the following statements is true about a serving of the food?

Carbohydrate provides the most food energy

Glycogen is the

Carbohydrate that's stored in liver and muscle tissue

Which of the following foods are not usually associated with food allergy?

Carrots and celery

The _________ is the smallest living functional unit in an organism.

Cell

If extracellular water has an excess of sodium ions,

Cells lose intracellular fluid and shrink.

Which of the following foods naturally contains cholesterol?

Chicken

What are examples of trace minerals?

Chromium, iodine and selenium

The stomach

Churns food, mixing it with gastric juice

Hillary would like to add more soluble fiber to her diet. Which of the following foods should she add?

Citrus fruits

Which of the following organs is not an accessory organ of the digestive system?

Colon

A person suffering from celiac disease must avoid eating foods that contain

Gluten

Becky's 2-year-old son can't walk because he was born with spina bifida. To reduce the chances that her next baby is born with a neural tube defect, Becky should

Consume green leafy vegetables, drink OJ and take a folic acid supplement before getting pregnant.

Justin's blood cholesterol level is too high. He'd like to add foods to his diet that can help reduce his blood cholesterol level. Based on this information, which of the following foods should he add?

Cooked beans

Which of the following foods contains the least water by weight?

Corn oil

Which of the following foods is a naturally rich source of polyunsaturated fatty acids?

Corn oil

Instructions for making proteins are coded in your

DNA

Consuela is an overweight young women who wants to lose 10 pounds in 10 weeks. The most reliable and safe way for her to lose this weights is to

Decrease her usual energy intake

Pancreatic amylase

Digests starch in the small intestine

Anna has type 1 diabetes and gives herself insulin injections to help manage her blood glucose level. One afternoon, Anna tested her blood and discovered that her blood glucose level was 88 mg/d;/ Based on this information, Anna should

Do nothing to intervene, because her blood glucose level is normal

Bryce is an ovovegetarian. Based on this information, Bryce will eat

Egg salad

Glands that secrete hormones are organs of the _________ system.

Endocrine

Which of the following cellular activities is an example of catabolism?

Enzymes breaking down glucose to release energy

Bryan thinks he has type 2 diabetes. Which of the following conditions is a sign or symptom of this chronic disease?

Excessive thirst

T/F. Women generally have the highest risk of osteoporosis before menopause.

False

In the US, many communities add very small amounts of ________ to their public water supplies, because the mineral strengthens teeth.

Fluoride

A baby's body needs essential fatty acids

For nervous system development

Which of the following foods is a source of phytochemicals?

Fresh blueberries

The three most important dietary monosaccharides for humans are

Galactose, glucose and fructose

Why is taking excess amounts of fat-soluble vitamins more likely to cause toxicity than taking excesses of water-soluble vitamins?

In general, excesses of fat-soluble vitamins cannot be excreted as easily as water-soluble vitamins.

When consumed with certain plat foods, vitamin C enhances the absorption of

Iron

Intracellular water

Is within cells

The _______ play a major role in regulating the body's fluid balance.

Kidneys

Which of the following lipoproteins contains the highest percentage of cholesterol?

LDL

Which of the following conditions is a common symptom of iron deficiency?

Lack of energy

After being absorbed, most lipids become incorporated into chylomicrons and enter

Lacteals within the villi

Clayton is a 19-year-old college student. He avoids milk, because he claims drinking the beverage upsets his stomach and gives him intestinal "gas." However, he can eat yogurt and certain types of cheese without experiencing any symptoms. Based on this information, Clayton probably has

Lactose intolerance

The _________ helps form feces by absorbing some excess water and minerals from chyme.

Large intestine

A scientist wants to develop a medication that sales reduces hunger to help obese people lose weight. Based on this information, this researcher will explore ways to stimulate the production, release or action of

Leptin

Franklin wants to increase his intake of omega-6 fatty acids, so he should choose foods that contain _________.

Linoleic acid

Which of the following substances is not an omega-3 fatty acid?

Linoleic acid

The accessory organ of the digestive system that produces bile is the

Liver

In the body, vitamin A helps

Maintain epithelial cells

Which of the following carbohydrates is a disaccharide comprised of two glucose molecules?

Maltose

Chewing food is an example of

Mechanical digestion

The process of digesting food beings in the

Mouth

_________ are water-soluble vitamins.

Niacin, riboflavin and thiamin

An early symptom of vitamin A deficiency is

Night blindness

Every amino acid has ______ in its chemical structure.

Nitrogen

A group of scientists designed a clinical study to investigate the effects of cholesterol deficiency in humans. For the duration of the 8-week study, the adult subjects must live in a special research unit of a hospital. The only food the subjects can consume is a man-made formula that contains all known nutrients, expect cholesterol. Based on this information, you should expect

None of the subjects to show signs and symptoms of a cholesterol deficiency during the entire study

Adding a small amount of _______ to cooked vegetables can enhance the interesting tract's ability to absorb the fat-soluble vitamins they contain.

Oil

Which of the following groups of foods is not a major food group of MyPlate?

Oils

A(An) ____________ is a body structure composed of tissues that have related functions.

Organ

Most B vitamins function as

Parts of coenzymes

Which of the following substances participates in the digestion of proteins?

Pepsin

Small amounts of food move from the back of the mouth and through the esophagus by involuntary muscular movements called

Peristalsis

Lecithin is a type of

Phospholipid

Vitamin D helps the body absorb

Phosphorus and calcium

Which of the following foods is a major source of saturated fat in American diets?

Pizza with mozzarella cheese and pepperoni slices

Researchers are conducting a study to determine the effects of vitamin C on the human immune system. The study involves providing pills that contain vitamin C to one groups of human subjects and pills that do not contain vitamin C or other active ingredients to another group of people. The pills that do not contain the vitamin are

Placebos

A scientists discovers a chemical that's simply a chain of four amino acids. Each amino acid is connected to the other by a peptide bond. Based on the information, the chemical acid is a

Polypeptide

Exposing milk to light can reduce its _______ content.

Riboflavin

A scientist has isolated a fatty acid that has 26 carbons bonded together. All of the carbon atoms in the chain are connected by single bonds. Based on this information, the compound is a(an) __________ fatty acid.

Saturated

Solid fats generally have a high proportion of ________ fatty acids.

Saturated

Most lipid digestion occurs in the

Small intestine

The ______ is the primary site for vitamin absorption in the body.

Small intestine

Which of the following lifestyle choices is the primary cause of most preventable cancer deaths in the US?

Smoking cigs

What are examples of major minerals?

Sodium, potassium and phosphorus

Which of the following foods is a good source of high-quality protein?

Soy milk

Salivary glands secrete an enzyme that enables a minor amount of _______ to be digested in the mouth.

Starch

If your diet supplies more glucose than you need, the excess can be

Stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles

When she sampled a spoonful of hot soup, Bekha burnt the tip of her tongue. During the 24 hours that followed the injury, Bekha had difficulty detecting foods that tasted

Sweet

In 2018, food manufacturers will no longer be abel to use partially hydrogenated oils in foods. Why were theses substances banned?

They are harmful to health

____________ is added to refined grain products as part of the enrichment process.

Thiamin

An ad for a weight-loss product contains several dishonest and misleading statements. Which of the following statements is a "red flag" statement that's in the ad?

This product is guaranteed to raise your metabolism by 400%, which is why it causes you to lose weight safely and rapidly.

Chylomicrons ____________.

Transport lipids from the small intestine

Which of the following website is most likely a source of biased and unreliable nutrition information?

dietsnomore4u.com