Nutrition - Final Exam Review
Intrinsic factor is needed to absorb vitamin
B-12
Lauren wants to lower her risk of cardiovascular disease. Based on this information she should
Become more physically active
Nikki has a disease that interferes with the production of lipase in her pancreas. Based on this information, a sign of this disease is
High amounts of fat in the stools
The Tolerable Upper Limit for a nutrient is the
Highest average amount that is unlikely to harm most people when consumed daily
Which of the following substances participates in the digestion of proteins?
Hydrochloric acid
Shawn's waist circumference is 42 inches, his blood pressure is consistently high, and his fasting blood glucose level is 120 mg/d. Based on this information, Shawn has
Metabolic syndrome
__________ is the sum of all chemical reactions that occur in living cells.
Metabolism
_________ are a major end product of fat digestion.
Monoglycerides
Proteins
Provide about 4 kcal/gram
In the body, some lipids
Provide insulation against cold temperatures
The amount of vitamin C that meets about 98% of the population's need for the nutrient is the _______ for the vitamin.
RDA
In the human body, water is needed to
Remove wastes
T/F. A person can reduce his or her metabolic rate by eating a very-low-calorie diet.
True
T/F. A polyunsaturated fatty acid has two or more double bonds between carbons in the hydrocarbon chain.
True
T/F. Cigarette smoking increases the production of oxidized LDL cholesterol.
True
T/F. Hemoglobin is the protein in red blood cells that transports oxygen.
True
T/F. LDL transports cholesterol to tissues.
True
T/F. On average, a healthy young women has slightly less body water than a healthy young man.
True
T/F. Phospholipids are partially water soluble.
True
T/F. Proteins in your blood help maintain proper acid-base balance.
True
T/F. The pyloric sphincter controls the rate at which chyme enters the small intestine.
True
T/F. Vitamins are organic micronutrients.
True
Which of the following foods is a naturally rich source of omega-3 fatty acids?
Tuna fish
Which of the following diets may not provide enough high-quality protein and energy to support a child's growth?
Vegan
The lining of the small intestine is covered with ___________, tiny, finger-like structures that absorb nutrients from food.
Villi
__________ fat is located deep within the abdominal region and protects digestive organs.
Visceral
Which of the following vitamins is a teratogen when consumed in excess?
Vitamin A
The body can store large amount of ________ in the liver.
Vitamin B-12
Which of the following substances is a nutrient that doesn't supply any energy for the human body?
Vitamin C
Which of the following vitamins can be made by the human body?
Vitamin D
The human body can absorb some of the ________ that's made by intestinal bacteria.
Vitamin K
_________ are fat-soluble vitamins.
Vitamins K, E and D
April wants to add _______ to her salad, because the food is a naturally rich source of omega-3 fats.
Walnuts
Which of the following foods is a naturally rich source of saturated fat and cholesterol?
Whole milk
An essential nutrient
must be supplied by your diet
The human body needs vitamin K to
Produce blood clotting factors
According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americas, ___________ is a nutrient of public health concern.
Potassium
Amy has type 1 diabetes. Based on this information, which of the following statements is true?
Amy needs to obtain insulin either by injections or an insulin pump.
A(An) ________ is a substance that protects vulnerable molecules from free radicals.
Antioxidant
Proteins
Are comprised of amino acids
Which of the following foods is energy-dense?
Potato chips
The "carbon skeleton" of an amino acid has the ________ attached to the anchor carbon atom.
Acid group and the R-group
Which of the following groups of Americans has the highest risk of hypertension?
African Americans
__________ is the only form of vitamin E that your body uses.
Alpha-tocopherol
Which of the following substances are the end products of protein digestion?
Amino acids
An Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) is the
Amount of a nutrient that meets the needs of 50% of healthy people in a particular population
A serving of food contains 15 g carbohydrate, 3 g protein, 5 g fat, 5 mg vitmamin C and 4 oz of water. Based on this information, a serving of this food supplies is ___________ kcal.
117
Adam's usual caloric intake is 2200 call per day. According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, added sugars should contribute less than 10% of a person's total energy intake. Therefore, he should limit his added sugar intake to less than _______ kcal per day.
220
Demi wants to follow the Dietary Guidelines recommendations for saturated fat intake. He currently consumes a diet that supplies 2700 kcal per day. To meet the recommendations of the Dietary Guidelines, he should limit his saturated fat intake to less than ________ kcal per day.
270
Luis is a healthy 23-year-old male who is 6'2" and weighs 220 pounds. Based on this information, his RDA for protein is _______ grams.
80
Which of the following substances is a provitamin or a precursor for a vitamin?
Beta-carotene
Which of the following substances enhances the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins in the small intestine?
Bile
The _________ is a numerical value that's based on the relationship between weight and chronic health problems associated with excess body fat.
Body mass index
Which of the following cooking methods can result in major losses of water-soluble vitamins?
Boiling in a saucepan of water
Which of the following cellular activities is an example of anabolism?
Bone cells using protein, calcium and phosphorus to repair a bone fracture
Basal metabolism includes energy needs for
Breathing
Carter wants to lower his blood cholesterol level. Based on this information, he should limit his intake of
Butter and beef
Which of the following substances is a mild diuretic?
Caffeine
When she prepares food, Felicia wants to use a product that's a rich source of unsaturated fat. Based on this information, which of the following fats or oils should she select?
Canola oil
A serving of food supplies 18 g protein, 20 g carbohydrate, 7 g fat, 18 mg vitamin E, 2 mg iron and 100 g water. Which of the following statements is true about a serving of the food?
Carbohydrate provides the most food energy
Glycogen is the
Carbohydrate that's stored in liver and muscle tissue
Which of the following foods are not usually associated with food allergy?
Carrots and celery
The _________ is the smallest living functional unit in an organism.
Cell
If extracellular water has an excess of sodium ions,
Cells lose intracellular fluid and shrink.
Which of the following foods naturally contains cholesterol?
Chicken
What are examples of trace minerals?
Chromium, iodine and selenium
The stomach
Churns food, mixing it with gastric juice
Hillary would like to add more soluble fiber to her diet. Which of the following foods should she add?
Citrus fruits
Which of the following organs is not an accessory organ of the digestive system?
Colon
A person suffering from celiac disease must avoid eating foods that contain
Gluten
Becky's 2-year-old son can't walk because he was born with spina bifida. To reduce the chances that her next baby is born with a neural tube defect, Becky should
Consume green leafy vegetables, drink OJ and take a folic acid supplement before getting pregnant.
Justin's blood cholesterol level is too high. He'd like to add foods to his diet that can help reduce his blood cholesterol level. Based on this information, which of the following foods should he add?
Cooked beans
Which of the following foods contains the least water by weight?
Corn oil
Which of the following foods is a naturally rich source of polyunsaturated fatty acids?
Corn oil
Instructions for making proteins are coded in your
DNA
Consuela is an overweight young women who wants to lose 10 pounds in 10 weeks. The most reliable and safe way for her to lose this weights is to
Decrease her usual energy intake
Pancreatic amylase
Digests starch in the small intestine
Anna has type 1 diabetes and gives herself insulin injections to help manage her blood glucose level. One afternoon, Anna tested her blood and discovered that her blood glucose level was 88 mg/d;/ Based on this information, Anna should
Do nothing to intervene, because her blood glucose level is normal
Bryce is an ovovegetarian. Based on this information, Bryce will eat
Egg salad
Glands that secrete hormones are organs of the _________ system.
Endocrine
Which of the following cellular activities is an example of catabolism?
Enzymes breaking down glucose to release energy
Bryan thinks he has type 2 diabetes. Which of the following conditions is a sign or symptom of this chronic disease?
Excessive thirst
T/F. Women generally have the highest risk of osteoporosis before menopause.
False
In the US, many communities add very small amounts of ________ to their public water supplies, because the mineral strengthens teeth.
Fluoride
A baby's body needs essential fatty acids
For nervous system development
Which of the following foods is a source of phytochemicals?
Fresh blueberries
The three most important dietary monosaccharides for humans are
Galactose, glucose and fructose
Why is taking excess amounts of fat-soluble vitamins more likely to cause toxicity than taking excesses of water-soluble vitamins?
In general, excesses of fat-soluble vitamins cannot be excreted as easily as water-soluble vitamins.
When consumed with certain plat foods, vitamin C enhances the absorption of
Iron
Intracellular water
Is within cells
The _______ play a major role in regulating the body's fluid balance.
Kidneys
Which of the following lipoproteins contains the highest percentage of cholesterol?
LDL
Which of the following conditions is a common symptom of iron deficiency?
Lack of energy
After being absorbed, most lipids become incorporated into chylomicrons and enter
Lacteals within the villi
Clayton is a 19-year-old college student. He avoids milk, because he claims drinking the beverage upsets his stomach and gives him intestinal "gas." However, he can eat yogurt and certain types of cheese without experiencing any symptoms. Based on this information, Clayton probably has
Lactose intolerance
The _________ helps form feces by absorbing some excess water and minerals from chyme.
Large intestine
A scientist wants to develop a medication that sales reduces hunger to help obese people lose weight. Based on this information, this researcher will explore ways to stimulate the production, release or action of
Leptin
Franklin wants to increase his intake of omega-6 fatty acids, so he should choose foods that contain _________.
Linoleic acid
Which of the following substances is not an omega-3 fatty acid?
Linoleic acid
The accessory organ of the digestive system that produces bile is the
Liver
In the body, vitamin A helps
Maintain epithelial cells
Which of the following carbohydrates is a disaccharide comprised of two glucose molecules?
Maltose
Chewing food is an example of
Mechanical digestion
The process of digesting food beings in the
Mouth
_________ are water-soluble vitamins.
Niacin, riboflavin and thiamin
An early symptom of vitamin A deficiency is
Night blindness
Every amino acid has ______ in its chemical structure.
Nitrogen
A group of scientists designed a clinical study to investigate the effects of cholesterol deficiency in humans. For the duration of the 8-week study, the adult subjects must live in a special research unit of a hospital. The only food the subjects can consume is a man-made formula that contains all known nutrients, expect cholesterol. Based on this information, you should expect
None of the subjects to show signs and symptoms of a cholesterol deficiency during the entire study
Adding a small amount of _______ to cooked vegetables can enhance the interesting tract's ability to absorb the fat-soluble vitamins they contain.
Oil
Which of the following groups of foods is not a major food group of MyPlate?
Oils
A(An) ____________ is a body structure composed of tissues that have related functions.
Organ
Most B vitamins function as
Parts of coenzymes
Which of the following substances participates in the digestion of proteins?
Pepsin
Small amounts of food move from the back of the mouth and through the esophagus by involuntary muscular movements called
Peristalsis
Lecithin is a type of
Phospholipid
Vitamin D helps the body absorb
Phosphorus and calcium
Which of the following foods is a major source of saturated fat in American diets?
Pizza with mozzarella cheese and pepperoni slices
Researchers are conducting a study to determine the effects of vitamin C on the human immune system. The study involves providing pills that contain vitamin C to one groups of human subjects and pills that do not contain vitamin C or other active ingredients to another group of people. The pills that do not contain the vitamin are
Placebos
A scientists discovers a chemical that's simply a chain of four amino acids. Each amino acid is connected to the other by a peptide bond. Based on the information, the chemical acid is a
Polypeptide
Exposing milk to light can reduce its _______ content.
Riboflavin
A scientist has isolated a fatty acid that has 26 carbons bonded together. All of the carbon atoms in the chain are connected by single bonds. Based on this information, the compound is a(an) __________ fatty acid.
Saturated
Solid fats generally have a high proportion of ________ fatty acids.
Saturated
Most lipid digestion occurs in the
Small intestine
The ______ is the primary site for vitamin absorption in the body.
Small intestine
Which of the following lifestyle choices is the primary cause of most preventable cancer deaths in the US?
Smoking cigs
What are examples of major minerals?
Sodium, potassium and phosphorus
Which of the following foods is a good source of high-quality protein?
Soy milk
Salivary glands secrete an enzyme that enables a minor amount of _______ to be digested in the mouth.
Starch
If your diet supplies more glucose than you need, the excess can be
Stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles
When she sampled a spoonful of hot soup, Bekha burnt the tip of her tongue. During the 24 hours that followed the injury, Bekha had difficulty detecting foods that tasted
Sweet
In 2018, food manufacturers will no longer be abel to use partially hydrogenated oils in foods. Why were theses substances banned?
They are harmful to health
____________ is added to refined grain products as part of the enrichment process.
Thiamin
An ad for a weight-loss product contains several dishonest and misleading statements. Which of the following statements is a "red flag" statement that's in the ad?
This product is guaranteed to raise your metabolism by 400%, which is why it causes you to lose weight safely and rapidly.
Chylomicrons ____________.
Transport lipids from the small intestine
Which of the following website is most likely a source of biased and unreliable nutrition information?
dietsnomore4u.com
