nutrition final
Which of the following statements is true?
Ethanol is a depressant drug.
Which of the following substances is a nutrient that provides energy for humans?
Fat
A serving of food supplies 25 g carbohydrate, 20 g fat, 20 g protein, and 100 g water. Which of the following statements is true about a serving of the food?
Fat provides the most food energy
Which of the following foods is the most nutrient dense per serving?
Fat-free milk
Which of the following foods has the greatest bioavailable (absorbable) calcium?
Fat-free yogurt
The government agency that enforces consumer protection laws by investigating false or misleading health-related claims in advertisements is the
Federal Trade Commission (FTC).
Mariele purchased a box of cereal that had the following claim on the label: "Eat one bowl of this cereal a day for a month, and your skin with be healthier." Mariele is skeptical about the honesty of the claim. She should report her concern about the claim to the
Food and Drug Administration
Which of the following foods is the most nutrient dense per serving?
Raw tomatoes
The body can store large amounts of
Vitamin B12
Which of the following substances is a nutrient that doesn't supply any energy for the human body?
Vitamin C
_____ are fat-soluble vitamins.
Vitamins K, E, and D
Which of the following statements is true?
Vitamins are partly defined by their ability to prevent a specific deficiency disorder.
Which of the following federally subsidized food programs is designed to improve the nutritional status specifically of low-income pregnant and breastfeeding women and their preschool children in the United States?
WIC
Which of the following statements is true?
Web sites with .edu in their addresses are likely to provide reliable nutrition information.
Which of the following statements is true?
Most foods contain more than one nutrient
While in class, Barry can't seem to sit still. He constantly taps his feet on the floor and frequently shifts his position. The energy Barry uses for these movements is classified as
NEAT
Which of the following is a vitamin that plays a direct role in energy metabolism?
Niacin
Which of the following statements is true?
Nutritional needs of healthy people vary during different life stages, such as infancy and pregnancy.
Which of the following statements is true?
Physicians and medical doctors lack significant nutrition education.
____ helps the body maintain normal fluid balance.
Potassium
_____ is the primary source of sodium in the typical American's diet.
Processed food
Which of the following statements is true?
Promoters of nutrition misinformation often exploit the general public's mistrust of scientists.
Which of the following statements is true?
Proteins in your blood help maintain proper fluid balance.
A popular fitness magazine has an article about the health benefits of high-fiber diets. Which of the following credentials indicates that the author is likely to be a reliable source of food and nutrition information?
RD
The amount of a vitamin or mineral that meets about 98% of the population's need for the nutrient is the _____ for that nutrient.
RDA
Which of the following statements is true?
Scientists typically use different methods to conduct research, which explains why similar studies involving humans often have conflicting results.
What is the major difference between soluble and insoluble forms of fiber?
Soluble fiber dissolves or swells in water, whereas insoluble fiber generally does not change in water.
Which of the following statements is true?
Some absorption of alcohol occurs in the stomach.
To help conserve the vitamin content of foods,
Steam or stir-fry until tender but not overcooked.
Which of the following menu items is referred to as an "empty-calorie" food?
Sugar-sweetened soft drinks
In the United States, which of the following statements is true?
The Environmental Protection Agency regulates the sanitation of public water supplies.
Which of the following statements is true?
The FDA does not permit dietary supplement manufacturers to market their products as cures for diseases.
Which of the following statements is true?
The First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution often protects people who spread nutrition misinformation.
Which of the following statements is true?
The RDA for vitamin E meets the needs of nearly all healthy persons.
Constance is making a vegetable soup that contains carrots, beans, water, salt, pepper, bits of ham, and onions. The soup has to cook for 4 hours. While the soup is cooking, what will happen to some of the minerals that are in its ingredients?
The minerals will leach out of the food and into the cooking water, retaining their bioavailability and becoming part of the soup in the process.
Which of the following statements is true?
The pyloric sphincter controls the rate at which chyme enters the small intestine.
Metabolism is
The total of all chemical reactions that occur in cells
Which of the following statements is true?
When they drink the same amounts of alcohol, women tend to show the mind-altering effects of alcohol longer than men.
Which of the following statements is false?
Women generally have the highest risk of osteoporosis before menopause.
The body uses selenium to make
a group of proteins that have antioxidant function.
Wendy is a 17-year-old world class gymnast who suffers from female athlete triad. Based on this information, she has
abnormal menstrual cycles.
Dennis wants to gain weight, primarily as lean tissue. In addition to performing resistance exercise regularly, he should
add nutrient-dense, healthy sources of energy to his diet, including fatty fish, whole-grain cereals, nuts, peanut butter, and olive oil.
Which of the following substances is a dietary essential?
alpha-linolenic acid
Humans need vitamin B-6 for
amino acid metaboilsm
An Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) is the
amount of a nutrient that meets the needs of 50% of healthy people in a particular population
Derek consumes a protein-rich drink before and after his workouts. He told his workout partner that he became 200% stronger within a couple of months after he added the drink to his diet. His report about the positive effects of the special drink is an example of a(an)
anecdote
Bernice is 91 years of age. Her _____ is likely to have a negative influence her nutritional status.
annual income
A researcher has isolated an organic, water-soluble chemical from roses. After performing tests, the scientist determines that the chemical supplies no energy for cells, but protects cell membranes from being damaged by certain environmental factors. Based on this information, the researcher may have discovered a (an)
antioxidant
Men's Journal and Family Circle may be unreliable sources of nutrition information, because
articles in such popular magazines generally do not undergo peer-review before they are published.
When Thompson was 5 years of age, he began to complain that his stomach hurt, especially after eating meals and snacks. He also experienced weight loss and chronic diarrhea. His parents noticed that he could eat dairy foods, fruits, and vegetables without developing any intestinal problems, but he would get a "tummy ache" soon after eating sandwiches, crackers, or pancakes. Based on this information, Thompson's parents should have him tested for
celiac disease
Fred is a lactovegetarian. Which of the following foods does he eat?
cheese
The largest and least dense lipoprotein is a
chylomicron
Which of the following foods is the richest source of saturated fat?
coconut oil
Which of the following groups of minerals are trace minerals?
iron, copper, and zinc
Emma consumes dairy products, but she does not eat meat, fish, eggs or poultry. She eats some vegetables and fruits, but she avoids beans, breads and cereal products. Based on this information, her diet lacks adequate
iron.
Vitamin C
is needed to properly form collagen.
Duncan's diet contains high amounts of protein and fat, but it is very low in carbohydrate. As a result of following this diet, Duncan's body forms more than normal amounts of
ketone bodies
Diet refers to a person's
usual pattern of food choices.
The lining of the small intestine is covered with _____, tiny, finger-like structures that absorb nutrients from food.
villi
Erika is a vegan. She is at risk for a serious nutritional deficiency of _____ in her diet.
vitamin B12
Jared is a vegan (total vegetarian). He can increase his intestinal tract's ability to absorb iron in his diet by combining iron-rich plant foods with sources of
vitamin C.
Overweight and obese people have a greater risk of _____ than people who aren't overfat.
. type 2 diabetes
Which of the following blood pressure values is normal?
118/69 mm Hg
A serving of food contains 25 g carbohydrate, 10 g protein, and 1 g fat, 5 mg iron, and 20 mg vitamin C. Based on this information, a serving of this food supplies
149 kcal
Lisa is a healthy young woman whose energy requirement is 2250 kcal/day. Based on this information, what would be her daily energy requirement during her first trimester of pregnancy?
2250 kcal
Gabrielle is due to give birth to a boy in March. Before she became pregnant, Gabrielle weighed 140 pounds, which was in the healthy range for her height. Based on this information, her physician will recommend that she gain ______ pounds during her pregnancy.
25 to 35
In 2009 to 2010, about _____ % of Americans who were 20 years of age and older were obese.
36
Bethaney is 20 years of age and weighs 50 kg. Based on her body weight, her RDA for protein is _____ grams
40
Which of the following statements is true?
A diet that contains whole-grain foods may help relieve constipation
Which of the following statements is true?
A food's odor or appearance is not a reliable indicator of whether it is safe to eat
Which of the following foods is a high-protein snack that can replace a snack that contains animal proteins?
A handful of unsalted peanuts
Which of the following statements is true?
A healthy person's average daily total water input usually equals his or her average total daily water output.
Which of the following statements is true?
Acid reflux often results when the gastroesophageal sphincter fails to close properly
Which of the following statements is true?
Aerobic exercise involves rhythmic, sustained contractions of large muscle groups.
Which of the following foods is a rich source of vitamin E?
Almonds
Which of the following statements is true?
Approximately 30% of adult Americans have hypertension.
Which of the following statements is true?
As people grow older, their metabolic rates decline.
Which of the following statements is true?
Avocados and some types of fish can be grouped with oils.
Which of the following is a provitamin or precursor for vitamin A?
Beta-carotene
Which of the following statements is true?
Caregivers should not give popcorn, grapes, and cut-up raw vegetables to infants
Which of the following menu items has ingredients that represent four different MyPlate food groups?
Casserole made with canned tuna, green onions, noodles, and cheddar cheese
Which of the following statements is true?
Cells produce water as a by-product of energy metabolism.
Which of the following foods is the richest source of cholesterol?
Chicken breast
Which of the following statements is true?
Cigarette smoking increases the production of oxidized LDL cholesterol.
Which of the following vitamins can be made by the human body?
D
Which of the following substances is a lipid that is necessary for the proper development of an infant's nervous system?
DHA
Which of the following statements is true?
Daily Values are dietary standards developed for food labeling purposes.
Which of the following statements is true?
During high-intensity exercise, muscle cells burn more glucose than fat for energy.
Mariele purchased a box of cereal that had the following claim on the label: "Eat one bowl of this cereal a day for a month, and your skin with be healthier." Mariele is skeptical about the honesty of the claim. She should report her concern about the claim to the
Food and Drug Administration.
Which of the following foods is a source of phytochemicals?
Fresh blueberries
A chemist would like to develop butter product that includes omega-3 fatty acids and a phytochemical which may reduce the risk of heart disease. The chemist is trying to develop a(n)
Functional food
Which of the following foods is naturally a rich source of phytochemicals?
Grapes
Which of the following microbes is associated with an increased risk of developing peptic ulcers?
H. pylori
Which of the following statements is true?
Healthy young women have slightly less body water than healthy young men.
_____ is the iron-containing protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen.
Hemoglobin
Which of the following statements is true?
Honey is a rich source of fructose.
Why is taking excess amounts of fat-soluble vitamins more likely to cause toxicity than taking excesses of water-soluble vitamins?
In general, excesses of fat-soluble vitamins cannot be excreted as easily as water-soluble vitamins.
Which of the following statements is true?
Infants should not be fed honey because it may contain botulism spores.
Which of the following statements is true?
LDL transports cholesterol from the liver to other tissues.
Which of the following statements is true?
Many hormones, including insulin, are proteins.
Which athlete would likely benefit the most from carb loading?
Marathoner
_____ is the sum of all chemical reactions that occur in living cells.
Metabolism
Which of the following minerals is necessary for proper muscle contraction?
calcium
Glycogen is the
carbohydrate that is stored in liver and muscle tissue.
By performing exercise regularly, people can reduce their risk of
cardiovascular disease
Melanie is a healthy 8-month-old baby who loves to eat carrots, peaches, apricots, and green beans. Recently, her skin turned yellow. Based on this information, Melanie has developed
carotenemia
Which of the following organs is not an accessory organ of the digestive system?
colon
During the first few days after giving birth, the new mother's breasts produce
colostrum
Which of the following foods contributes large amounts of trans fat in American diets?
commercial baked goods
Becky's 2-year old son can't walk because he was born with spina bifida. To reduce the chances that her next baby is born with a neural tube defect, Becky should
consume green leafy vegetables and take a folic acid supplement before getting pregnant.
Marla is a healthy 30-year-old woman. She doesn't work out, but she consumes protein supplements because she thinks they will increase her muscle mass without the need to exercise. Based on this information, the excess amino acids in her diet will be mostly
converted into carbon skeletons and ammonia.
Justin's blood cholesterol level is too high. He'd like to add foods to his diet that can help reduce his blood cholesterol level. Based on this information, which of the following foods should he add?
cooked beans
According to Cleo's physician, her blood cholesterol level is too high. Which of the following foods can Cleo add to her diet to help lower her cholesterol?
cooked oatmeal
Which of the following foods is a poor source of high-quality protein?
corn chips
Which of the following foods contains the least water by weight?
corn oil
Which of the following groups of foods are sources of starch?
corn, potatoes, and rice
onsuela is an overweight young woman who wants to lose 10 pounds in 10 weeks. The most reliable and safe way for her to lose this weight is to
decrease her usual energy intake by 500 kcal/day.
For the past 4 years, 23-year-old Maggie has been losing a lot of blood during her menstrual periods. Based on this information, which of the following conditions is she most likely to develop?
iron deficiency
The _____ play a major role in regulating the body's fluid balance.
kidneys
After being absorbed, most lipids become incorporated into chylomicrons and enter
lacteals within the villi.
The _____ helps form feces by absorbing excess water and electrolytes from chyme.
large intestine
According to scientific evidence, which of the following actions can help reduce a person's risk of type 2 diabetes?
losing excess body fat
Theresa is concerned that her 10-year-old son may have type 1 diabetes. Which of the following conditions is a typical sign or symptom of this form of diabetes?
losing weight despite increased appetite
Which of the following conditions or behaviors is a characteristic sign of a person with anorexia nervosa?
maintaining a body weight that's 15% or more below the normal weight for his or her height
Your body needs iodine for
maintaining normal thyroid function.
Food guides classify _____ with oils.
mayonnaise
Since she was a 2-year-old "toddler," Gina has been drinking well water that contains a very high amount of fluoride. Based on this information, you would expect Gina to have
mottled teeth
An essential nutrient
must be supplied by your diet
Every amino acid has _____ in its chemical structure.
nitrogen
A group of scientists designed a clinical study to investigate the effects of cholesterol deficiency in humans. For the duration of the 8-week study, the adult subjects must live in a special research unit of a hospital. The only food the subjects can consume is a synthetic formula that contains all known nutrients, except cholesterol. Based on this information, you would expect
none of the subjects to show signs and symptoms of a cholesterol deficiency during the entire study.
Paisley usually has four bowel movements each week. Based on this information, Paisley should
not worry, because she is not constipated.
Dietitians recommend feeding babies
only breast milk to babies until they are 6 months of age.
Jameela is an Iranian woman living in poverty. She is not seen in public places without being covered almost completely in heavy veils. Her usual diet is comprised of legumes, small amounts of yogurt, whole-grain breads and rice, fruits, and a few vegetables. Based on this information, Jameela is most at risk of
osteomalacia
Chronic alcohol abuse increases the risk of
pancreatic cancer.
B vitamins function as
parts of coenzymes.
Which of the following foods is a poor source of essential amino acids?
peaches
Which of the following substances participates in the digestion of proteins?
pepsin
Lecithin is a type of
phospholipid
Researchers are conducting a study to determine the effects of vitamin C on the human immune system. The study involves providing pills that contain vitamin C to one group of human subjects and pills that do not contain vitamin C or other active ingredients to another group of people. The pills that do not contain the vitamin are
placebos
A scientist discovers a chemical that is a chain of four amino acids. Each amino acid is connected to the other by a peptide bond. Based on the information, the chemical is a
polypeptide
Which of the following groups of minerals are major minerals?
potassium, magnesium, and sodium
The human body needs vitamin K to
produce blood clotting factors.
Which of the following foods is likely to be a source of Salmonella?
raw chicken
Conventional farming has a high risk for creating environmental problems. Some potential solutions to help solve such problems include
relying more on growing pest-resistant crops and using other integrated pest management techniques.
When following recipes, Candice wants to use fats that are not solid fats. Which of the following fats should she use?
safflower oil
Solid fats generally have a high proportion of ____ fatty acids.
saturated
A scientist has isolated a fatty acid that has 26 carbons bonded together. All of the carbon atoms in the chain are connected by single bonds. Based on this information, the compound is a
saturated fatty acid
During a television interview, Dr. Ima Quack provides the following statement. "Most Americans suffer from nutritional deficiency diseases and will develop cancer within the next 10 years because they are not taking my megavitamin formula therapy." Dr. Quack's statement is an example of a(n)
scare tactic
Chyme is the
semisolid liquid formed by the partial digestion of food in the stomach.
Scientists are uncertain whether ____ is an essential mineral for humans.
silicon
Most lipid digestion occurs in the
small intestine
The _____ is the primary site for vitamin absorption in the body.
small intestine
Adipose cells function to
store fat and alter body functions through adipokines.
f your diet supplies more glucose than you need, the excess can be
stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles.
Performing weight-bearing exercise can
strengthen bones.
Alicia has PKU. She would like to sweeten her iced tea with a substance that provides 0 kcal/g. Based on this information, which of the following sweeteners supplies 0 kcal/g and is safe for her to use?
sucralose
A nutrient requirement is
the smallest amount of a nutrient that maintains a particular level of nutritional health.
Which of the following substances is a major factor that influences a person's metabolic rate?
thyroid hormone
According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2015, _____ are unhealthy and should be consumed in limited amounts.
trans-fats
During the past two months, Theresa has had intestinal pain after eating and diarrhea, and she's noticed blood in her feces. Additionally, she's lost about 10 pounds. Based on this information, Theresa should be tested for
ulcerative colitis
Yesterday, Jenny ran in a marathon race. While she ran, she drank several large cups of water at water stations along the race course. At the end of the race, she experienced difficulty making it to the finish line. She was confused, and she complained of having a headache and feeling dizzy. Based on this information, Jenny was probably suffering from
water intoxication.
Julio wants to cook chicken, make a salad, and bake a pie made with eggs and milk for his roommates. Julio and his dinner guests are likely to experience food-borne illness if he
wipes the knife used to cut up the raw chicken on a hand towel before using the knife to cut up the salad vegetables.
_____ is the primary source of direct energy for cells
ATP
_____ is an essential amino acid.
Leucine
The plastic that's used to make water bottles may contain
bisphenol A.
Which of the following substances enhances fat-soluble vitamin absorption in the small intestine?
bile
Which of the following substances emulsifies lipids during digestion?
bile salts
According to the "set point theory," a person's
body fat level is largely genetically determined.
The _____ is a numerical value that's based on the relationship between weight and risk of chronic health problems associated with excess body fat.
body mass index
Chronic alcohol abuse increases the risk of
breast cancer.
Anna has type 1 diabetes and gives herself insulin injections to help manage her blood glucose level. One afternoon, Anna tested her blood and discovered that her blood glucose level was 88 mg/dl. Based on this information, Anna should
do nothing to intervene, because her blood glucose level is normal.
Impoverished children who live in developing countries have a high risk of dying from
drinking polluted water.
The best way to reduce your risk of cancer is to
eat a variety of fruits and vegetables daily.
Parathyroid hormone
enhances the body's ability to absorb and retain calcium.
Kayla was a participant in a clinical study to determine how much vitamin C cures scurvy, the vitamin's deficiency disease. During the study, Kayla consumed only a formula diet that was nutritionally complete, except it did not contain vitamin C. Within a few weeks, Kayla developed scurvy. At that point, researchers gave 2 mg vitamin C to Kayla each day for a week, but her signs and symptoms of scurvy remained. In the weeks that followed, the scientists continued to increase Kayla's intake of the vitamin by 2 mg/week. After a week of taking 10 mg of vitamin C/day, Kayla reported feeling much better. Based on this information, the researchers concluded that Kayla's
equirement for vitamin C was 10 mg.
Maggie was a subject in a clinical study that was designed to determine the effects of certain diets on health. While participating in the study, she was given a synthetic formula diet that provided vitamins, minerals, choline, egg protein, purified water, and potato starch. Within a few weeks, Maggie's hair began to fall out and she developed patches of scaly skin on her arms and legs. When _____ were added to her formula, the signs of the nutritional deficiency disappeared.
essential fatty acids
Mike likes to drink a commercially prepared chocolate milk. According to the label, the flavored milk contains 2% milk, water, high-fructose corn syrup, evaporated cane juice, saccharin, and natural vanilla flavoring. The sources of carbohydrate in this beverage are
evaporated cane juice, 2% milk, and high-fructose corn syrup
Tim's body is shaped like a pear, because his excess body fat is distributed mostly below his waist. His body fat distribution is associated with
ewer serious chronic health problems than if the excess fat were in the upper part of his body.
In their efforts to avoid regaining the weight they have lost, members of the National Weight Control Registry tend to
exercise for at least 60 minutes daily.
Paige is 6-weeks pregnant. Although Paige drank alcohol before she became pregnant, she refuses to drink any alcohol now, because she does not want to have a baby born with
fetal alcohol spectrum disorder
Tim's body is shaped like a pear, because his excess body fat is distributed mostly below his waist. His body fat distribution is associated with
fewer serious chronic health problems than if the excess fat were in the upper part of his body.
The three most important dietary monosaccharides for humans are
galactose, glucose, and fructose.
Last night, Sara ate French fries, fried fish, and creamy cole slaw. For dessert, she had a chocolate milk shake. About an hour after eating this food, she suddenly complained of severe abdominal pain. Based on this information, Sara probably has
gallstones
Devon has a rare condition characterized by the lack of saliva-producing cells. Based on this information, Devon probably
has difficulty swallowing.
Four-year-old Eva was born with a rare condition characterized by the lack of mucus-producing cells in her digestive tract. Based on this information, Eva probably
has numerous stomach ulcers.
A medical researcher asked 50 people with painful, arthritic knees to rub a cream that contained vitamin E on their knees for two weeks. At the end of the two weeks, she asked the subjects whether their knee pain improved, stayed about the same, or worsened during the treatment period. All 50 subjects reported improvement in their knee pain. Based on this information, which of the following statements is true?
he results about the benefits of using a vitamin E cream for knee pain are questionable, because the researcher didn't have a control group.
Marcia's BMI is 24.2. Based on this information, her weight is in the _____ range.
healthy
Ted is 10 years of age and is allergic to peanuts. If he accidentally eats peanuts he will likely quickly develop
hives
Caregivers should not feed _____ to infants.
honey
Jared has a high risk of cardiovascular disease because he has
hypertension
Pregnant women generally need to take a supplement that contains
iron and folic acid