Q4

Stimulation of the irritant receptors in the lung can result in which of the following?

1,2,3

The subdivisions of the pharynx include which of the following?

1,2,3

Which of the following are causes of central neurogenic hyperventilation

1,2,3

Which of the following can be stimulated by pulmonary j receptors?

1,2,3

Which of the following are true of early inspiratory crackles?

1,2,4,

Approximately how long is the trachea of an adult?

10-12cm

While palpating the thorax of a patient who repeats the words "ninety-nine" you note a localized area of decreased tactile fremitus on the lower right side. Which of the following could explain this finding?

2,3,4

While percussing a patient's chest wall, you encounter an area that produces a decreased resonance to percussion. Which of the following are potential causes of this finding?

2,3,4

What centers are located in the pons of the brainstem?

Apneustic center and pneuomotaxic center 1 and 3

Receptors respond to co2 changes?

Central chemoreceptors

Which respond more rapidly to high levels of co2?

Central chemoreceptors

While observing a patients breathing you note that the depth and rate first increases, then decreases, followed by a period of apnea. Which of the following terms would you use in charting this observation?

Cheyne-stokes breathing

The second heart sound is created primarily by which of the following?

Closure of the semilunar valves

What is the primary purpose of the respiratory system?

Continuous absorption of oxygen and excretion of carbon dioxide

Reflex response to sudden collapse by strong inspiratory effort?

Deflation reflex

Which of the following terms is used to describe coughing up blood-streaked sputum?

Hemoptysis

Reflex stimulated by high lung volumes?

Hering-breuer inflation reflex

What term is used to describe the breathing pattern seen in copd patients in whom the lower coastal margins of the chest wall draw inward with ach inspiration?

Hoovers sign

Type of breathing common to people new to high elevation?

Hypoxemia-mediated hypervent

The upper respiratory tract traditionally ends at what point?

Inferior border of the larynx

Responds when pao2 falls below 60mmhg?

Peripheral chemoreceptors

What is the primary function of the larynx?

Protect the airways during eating and drinking

Why do most aspirated objects and fluids end up in the right main stem bronchus instead of the left main stem bronchus?

The right bronchus is more in line with the trachea

What stimulates the hering breuer inflation reflex?

The stretch receptors at high lung volumes

In patients with closed-head injuries, what may happen in the presence of hypercapnia?

Vasodilation causes increased intracranial pressure and possibly stops blood flow

Loud, tubular breath sounds with an expiratory component equal to the inspiratory component best describes which of the following breath sounds?

bronchial

Stimulated by pulmonary disease causing rapid shallow breathing

j receptors

What term is used to describe an abnormal anteroposterior curvature of the spine?

kyphosis

what type of flow is seen in and beyond the terminal bronchioles?

laminar

Your patient has an abnormal sensorium. Which of the following is most likely true?

the patient is confused about where he or she is