Nutrition Final Part 1

In what year were the military Meals Ready to Eat (MREs) last updated?

2016

What is proportion of men compared to women who get eating disorders? Name some sports that increase the risk of eating disorders

2:1 ratio of women to men. For every man that has an eating disorder, 2 women also have an eating disorder. Sports where men have eating disorders: Jockey, body building and wrestling Sports where women have eating disorders: Gymnastics, ballet, figure skating

Name the 3 major eating disorders and describe each.

Anorexia Nervosa: extremely low body weight due to a distorted body image in that they need to be thin. Severe food restrictions and fear of gaining weight. Bulimia Nervosa: Fear of being fat or gaining weight. However, unlike anorexia they do eat and/or have binge eating episodes where they feel out of control, which is followed by them purging the food they ate through self induced vomiting. Binge Eating Disorder: Frequent episodes of large food consumption, but without the fear or behavior associated with weight gain prevention.They usually feel out of control and shame or guilt which causes them to eat alone.

Name some questionable food additives which are added to body building supplements.

Artificial Sweeteners Carrageenan Enzymes Artificial Coloring

Compare and contrast the Paleolithic and vegan diets. What do the two diets have in common? How do they differ?

Both are extreme diet lifestyles that require the person to severely restrict their diets to some simple food staples. They both also aim to have the human body be at peak health and fitness levels. A paleo diet consist mostly of eating meat, berries and nuts with few to no fruits or root vegetables. The other is a plant based diet where consuming any type of animal product is restricted and forbidden.

Name 8 foods (or types of foods) which contain HFCS.

Breakfast Cereals Canned Soup Coke Products Yogurt Candy Nutrition Bars Frozen Pizza Snacks Sometimes in meat

Describe 4 ways in which SNAP could be improved.

Creating stricter regulations on eligible foods Increasing incentives for participants to buy fruits and veggies Offer food education workshops and access to registered dietitians in supermarkets School nutrition programs that teach children about healthy eating.

T or F: People receiving SNAP benefits tend to increase their fruit intake to recommended levels.

False

List 8 ways that astronauts' dietary needs differ while in space.

In space astronauts need to consume more: Protein & Carbs Vitamin E & C Potassium Calcium. They need to consume less: Iron Sodium Vitamin D Alcohol Consume +3000 calories a day

Why are low-income areas potentially more prone to being food deserts?

In the United States, the number of supermarkets in low income neighborhoods is approximately 30% less than the number of stores in the highest-income neighborhoods

T or F: High fructose corn syrup can cause fatty liver.

True

What is ironic about how the USDA deals with sugar and HFCS?

USDA suggest that people limit their sugar intake as well as sugary drinks, but it provides 8.1 billion dollars in subsidies for corn based sweeteners

Describe the most common characteristics of patients with eating disorders. Given common age range, sex and race.

95% of those who have eating disorders are between the ages of 12 and 25 The prevalence of eating disorders is similar among Non-Hispanic Whites, Hispanics, African-Americans, and Asians in the United States

What is a food desert? Describe in detail.

A food desert is an area with limited access to affordable and nutritious food; fresh fruits and vegetables and other produce. If a person in a rural area lives more than 10 miles from a supermarket or more than 1 mile from a supermarket in an urban area then it is considered a food desert.

List 9 main components of the Mediterranean Diet.

Fruits Vegetables Grains Legumes Nuts Olive Oil Fish Poultry Red Wine

Describe 7 requirements that the MREs must fulfill.

Lightweight Increased variety Balanced Nutrition Survivability in different environments Vegetarian Options 3 year shelf life Ability to be dropped by parachute

Name a natural food item which can be used in lieu of protein powder.

Milk or chocolate milk

What are 3 major treatments used for eating disorders.

Psychotherapy or talk therapy Antidepressant medication Hospitalization to treat malnutrition Restorative treatments to bring weight to a healthy level, reduce excessive exercise, restore adequate nutrition, and help stop binging and purging behaviors.

Name 5 dangers to the health of astronauts that they experience from being in space.

-Loss of mineral density in the body -Risk of Osteoporosis and bone fractures -Greater chance of developing kidney stones -Risk of Iron Toxicity -Eyesight gets worse

What is high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) composed of? Be sure to give a range of percentages.

HFCS is a sweetener made from corn that is 55% fructose and and 42% glucose

Name 3 healthy and 2 unhealthy food categories that are covered by SNAP.

Healthy- Fruits and Veggies, Breads grains and cereals, Meat fish and poultry Unhealthy- Soft Drinks, Ice Cream

Greece has long been studied for their Mediterranean Diet. Which diseases did people in Greece have the lowest rates of in the 1960s?

Heart Disease Cancer Cerebrovascular disease

Certain food corporations have the ability to control the politics around food because they control so much of the market share. Name the top 10 food corporations in the world.

Kelloggs Danone General Mills Unilever Associated British Foods Nestle Pepsico Coca Cola COmpany Mars Mondelez

What are the government, corporations and local non-profits doing to combat food deserts?

Lets Move campaign tries to bring food in to schools from local farms, chefs help educate families, faculty and students about food. Healthy Food Financing Initiative will provide tax breaks for supermarkets that open in food deserts. Grocery Incubators provide local entrepreneurs with on-the-job training and coursework so that they can successfully open and run their own grocery stores along with helping secure investors that allows them to open supermarkets in food deserts. Mobile Market brings the grocery store to the food deserts (grocery store on wheels) Community Gardens so that people can grow their own vegetables Urban Farming and Food Pantries

Describe how the National School Lunch Program works.

Participating schools receive cash subsidies and USDA foods, which must be served as lunches that met the federal USDA nutrition requirements. They foods must be offered at a free/reduced price and the subsidies can be used for snacks served in afterschool programs.

What is SNAP? Define and describe

SNAP is Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program and it is a government program that provides nutrition assistance to low-income individuals and families via monetary stipends. It is a food stamp program so that low-income people can purchase food.

Although there is wide variation in school lunches across the country, some school districts are doing a good job of providing nutritious meals to students. Compare and contrast the school and packed lunches presented in class.

School lunches are meant to meet the USDA nutrition guidelines and are therefore higher in fruits, vegetables and whole grains. Packed lunches are usually higher in fat and sugary foods and drinks and dont always meet the USDA nutrition guidelines.

Do you think the benefits of the Mediterranean Diet stem from the amount of fat consumed? Explain.

The benefits do stem from their fat intake, which is 40%, however the type of fat consumed is healthy fat; low in saturated and trans fat, high in monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats, and omega 3 fatty acids. This directly affects cardiovascular health in that these types of healthy fats are associated with a lower LDL cholesterol.

How do the above corporations and big agriculture corporations negatively affect our food supply? Name 5 things we can do as consumers to address these issues

The corporations shape policies that keep the food system profitable, even if they have a negative effect on the general public. Only a few companies control food production and these companies push for GE seeds and monocropping. These same companies also push for pesticide use that is only effective on their seeds. Buy more organic fresh produce Avoid processed foods Pressure "Big Food" vote with your dollar Hold politicians accountable and fight to end corporate influence on our government Reduce meals that consume large amounts of meat and dairy

What social and lifestyle components may also be at play in the Mediterranean lifestyle? Name 4.

The diet is a lifestyle, people sit down with friends and family to eat which causes them to eat less and slower, they have daily leisure physical activity, everything in moderation, lower stress levels.