Nutrition Midterm Chapter 4

has trouble swallowing

Bernetta has an autoimmune disease that affects salivary glands. As a result of this condition, Bernetta

large intestine

Feces form in the ________.

has trouble tasting food

Libby was born without salivary glands. As a result of this condition, she ________.

learning ways to manage stress effectively

Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome usually includes making dietary changes and ________.

peptic ulcers

Tyler smokes cigarettes, drinks excess alcohol, and takes aspirins regularly to treat his headaches. Based on this information, Tyler has a high risk of developing ________.

False

Ulcerative colitis is a temporary condition that develops after the large intestine is surgically removed.

False

A healthy person has vast numbers of different kinds of bacteria living in his or her stomach.

baking soda solution

A liquid has a pH that is higher than the pH of pure water but lower than the pH of household ammonia. Based on this information, the liquid is a ________.

add maltose to a solution that contains maltose

A scientist wants to break down a carbohydrate called "maltose" into its component parts. To accomplish this task, she should ________.

milk of magnesia

A substance has a pH that is lower than the pH of household bleach but higher than the pH of egg whites. Based on this information, the substance is ________.

chylomicrons

After being absorbed, most lipids become incorporated into ________.

lacteals within the villi

After being absorbed, most lipids become incorporated into chylomicrons and enter

enter a capillary within the villus and are transported to the liver by the bloodstream

After being absorbed, water-soluble nutrients such as glucose, fructose, iron, and vitamin C ________.

has difficulty digesting food

Amanda is a three-year-old who has a condition that is characterized by the inability of her pancreas to produce cholecystokinin. Based on this information, she ________.

electrolyte

An ________ is an ion that can conduct electricity.

True

Antibiotic use can disrupt the normal balance and diversity of microbes in human intestinal tract.

begin starch digestion

Avi's salivary glands do not secrete amylase. As a result of his condition, his mouth cannot ________.

False

DNA contains coded information that enables human cells to make micronutrients, including as iron and vitamin C.

False

Electrons are small, positively charged particles that surround the nucleus of a cell.

not worry, because she is not constipated

Paisley usually has four bowel movements each week. Based on this information, Paisley should ________.

colorectal

People who have Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis have increased risk of _______ cancer.

elements

Phosphorus, potassium, and sodium are ________

False

Prebiotics are substances in food that the human body digests to form probiotics.

Peristalsis

Small amounts of food move through the esophagus by involuntary muscular movements called ________.

ileum

The ________ is the third segment of the small intestine.

bioavailability

The ________ of a food describes the extent to which the body is able to absorb the nutrients from the food and use them.

False

The edges of the tongue do not have any taste buds.

villi

The lining of the small intestine is covered with ________, tiny, finger-like structures that absorb nutrients from food.

circulation of blood throughout the body

The primary function of the cardiovascular system is ________.

mouth

The process of digesting food begins in the ________.

True

The process of digestion in the human intestinal tract involves decomposition reactions.

solute

To make hot tea, Sonya adds boiling water to a cup that has a teabag in it. She waits about 5 minutes for the tea to steep, then removes the teabag. Before drinking the tea, she adds a teaspoon of sugar to the hot beverage. When added to the tea, the sugar is a ________.

False

When the pH of blood is higher than normal, the blood has become more acidic.

False

When the pH of blood is lower than normal, the blood has become more alkaline

Bile

Which of the following compounds is not secreted by the human stomach?

Yogurt with live and active cultures ofLactobacillus

Which of the following foods is considered to be a probiotic?

H. pylori

Which of the following microbes is associated with the development of most stomach ulcers? E. coli

Biotin

Which of the following nutrients is made by gut microbiota?

Kidneys

Which of the following organs helps maintain the body's acid-base balance by removing excess hydrogen ions?

Brain

Which of the following organs is not an accessory organ of the digestive system?

Addition of calcium and phosphorus to the thigh bone of a growing child

Which of the following physiological changes is a result of anabolic chemical reactions?

Muscle loss that normally occurs in older adults

Which of the following physiological changes is a result of catabolic chemical reactions?

Weight loss as a result of starvation

Which of the following physiological changes is a result of catabolic chemical reactions?

The body is comprised of organ systems.

Which of the following statements is true?

The pyloricsphincter controls the rate at which chyme enters the small intestine.

Which of the following statements is true?

Hydrochloric acid

Which of the following substances is secreted by the human stomach? Salivaryamylase