ob 4

. Jennifer is described by her friends as independent, distrusting authority, and technologically savvy. One of her strongest memories is the day of the Oklahoma City bombings. She is most likely to be a member of the _____ generation.

Gen X

. Chris has studied for his mathematics test and his English test. He expects to do moderately well in both subjects. He gets an "A" in English, but fails mathematics. While Chris feels that the grade he got for English was well-deserved, he blames his failure in mathematics on the fact that his teacher, Mr. Wallace, does not like him. In this situation, Chris is exhibiting

a self-serving bias

_______ is an artificial intervention aimed at giving management a chance to correct an imbalance, injustice, mistake, or outright discrimination that occurred in the past.

affirmative action

Which one of the following is not a difference between affirmative action and diversity management?

affirmative action only refers to mandatory programs

Helen uses a wheelchair to get around. Her company, Cue Furniture, makes sure her desk is wheelchair accessible. The ___________ requires the company to do provide this.

americans with disabilities act

We build stereotypes through a four-step process. Which of the following is not part of the process?

appraisal

. ABC Airlines hires flight attendants from diverse backgrounds and puts them through an extensive training and orientation program before they are approved to fly. In addition to learning about responding to medical issues and FAA guidelines, they also must learn the company's many rules and processes as contained in an extensive procedures and policies manual. ABC Airlines is adopting a(n) ______ option for managing diversity

assimilate

When must managers accurately identify and communicate the behavioral characteristics and results they look for in a good performance?

at the beginning of a review cycle

______ is based on a simple premise: Rightly or wrongly, people infer causes for their own and others' behavior.

attribution theory

Which of the following is not a layer of diversity?

attributional

The generation described as workaholic, idealistic, competitive, and materialistic is

baby boomers

. The existence of implicit cognition leads people to make ________ decisions without realizing they are doing so.

biased

Affirmative action plans

can negatively affect women and minorities.

________ are suspected or inferred causes of behavior.

casual attributions

The steps in the process of stereotype formation and maintenance in order are

categorization, inferences, expectations, maintenance.

Ethan observes that his subordinate, Nate, is performing and acting like the other members of the unit. He is observing

consensus

Harold Kelley hypothesized that people make causal attributions by observing three dimensions of behavior

consensus, distinctiveness, and consistency

Kelley hypothesized that people make causal attributions by observing

consensus, distinctiveness, and consistency

Camilla, a manager, notes that Wilhelm's written reports from his hire date to the present are very thorough and accurate. Camilla is looking at

consistency

Josef, a manager, reviews Arturo's performance over the past six months and notes that during February he was late to work five times. He was not late during any other months. Josef is observing

consistency

There are two key situational characteristics that affect perception: the______ of the interaction, and the culture and race ______ between perceivers

context; consistency

Mario is setting up an after-school program for inner city youth. The population is a mix of white, African-American and Latino, with Latinos comprising the majority of participants. Which of the following would help the group overcome stereotypes?

create project opportunities using a mix of populations with equal status

Carlos, a manager, is looking at records of Mary's work performance. He notes that she performed very well on task A, but poorly on task B. He is observing

distinctiveness

Perception is the process that

enables us to interpret and understand our surroundings

The millennial generation is described as

entitled, civic-minded, closely involved with parents.

All the employees in Mustafa's unit are performing poorly on one specific aspect of their jobs during the month of June; however, they are performing well on all other parts of their job. This is likely to be attributed to

external causes

Seema is married with two children and lives in New York. She has worked at Bubble Zone for 10 years. These are all _______of the four layers of diversity.

external dimensions

Molly works as a dishwasher at a restaurant. She comes across as a fun-loving, party-going person. One day her dog falls sick and Molly has to take him to the vet. She calls her boss and tells him that she won't be coming in to work. Her boss thinks that Molly is missing work intentionally, so that she can go out and party. Which of the following best describes the boss's perception of the situation?

fundamental attribution bias

Surface-level characteristics include _____, age, and race.

gender

The term _______ identifies an invisible but absolute barrier that prevents women from advancing to higher-level positions.

glass ceiling

John, a mid-level manager, notices that all his subordinates are filling out their monthly reports incorrectly. He concludes that the report forms are too complicated and need to be revised. On which type of attributional information is John's decision based?

high consensus

David's boss has observed that David took about 12 hours to perform tasks A, B, and C. However, he took 24 hours to complete task D. David's boss concluded that task D must have been tougher than the other tasks. Which of the following attributional information led David's boss to this conclusion?

high distinctiveness

. Carrie goes out to lunch and orders a diet soda. If we consider _________, she is likely to prefer a salad for lunch.

implicit cognition

Deep-level characteristics of diversity

include attitudes, opinions, and values.

Pat is applying for a new job. Which of the following will help her online "image"?

include information on her volunteer activities

Shoney's hired African Americans to fill positions of dining-room supervisors and vice presidents, added more franchises owned by African Americans, and purchased more goods and services from minority-owned companies. This represents the _____ option that organization can use to address diversity issues.

include/exclude

If Otto views a situation as having low consensus, low distinctiveness, and high consistency, he is likely to make an attribution of

internal causes

Since she was hired four months ago, Janelle has performed poorly on many aspects of her job. This is likely to be attributed to

internal causes

At its most basic, a person's behavior can be attributed to either ______ or ______ factors.

internal; external

The use of implicit cognitions

leads people to make biased decisions

Which of the following is not one of the recommendations to managers about reducing stereotypes?

managers should actively ignore stereotypes

Of the following options, which is the action to address any type of diversity issue?

mutual adaptation

Which of the following is not one of the key perceiver characteristics that affect our perceptions of others?

nonverbal cues

Carl's team is evaluating his effectiveness as a leader. Which of the following behaviors does reflect an effective leader?

not letting other group members make any decisions

Alana looks at the clouds and sees flowers. Her brother, Sammy, looks at the same clouds and sees jellyfish. Alana and Sammy have different

perceptions

The fundamental attribution bias says that we tend to overattribute others' behaviors to _________ factors.

personal

External factors include all of the following except

putting forth effort

Marion, a shift supervisor, is keeping a performance diary for each of her employees. This mechanism can ______ performance appraisals.

reduce bias in

Which of the following is not a technique by which managers can reduce the effect of implicit cognition in hiring?

rely on stereotypes

Josephine is on a four-person project team in her management class. The team produces four reports during the term, and each person leads one of these projects. The project Josephine leads earned an A, while the team receives Cs on the other three reports. Josephine believes that her project was successful was because of her leadership abilities, while the other projects were not as good because of the inadequate skills of the other team members. She demonstrates ______ in her beliefs.

self serving bias

Bill receives a compliment on a recent campaign; he attributes the success to his creativity. Mark's campaign didn't do well; he blames his team for not pulling together. These are examples of

self-serving bias

Melissa walks into her morning status meeting. She didn't have time for breakfast or even coffee. During the meeting, she is most likely to focus on

snacks and drinks because she is hungry and thirsty

"Women have a harder time than men in being perceived as effective leaders." This statement is a(n)

stereotype

A(n) ______ is an individual's set of beliefs about the characteristics of a group.

stereotype

Joyce finds that the members of the project team to which she has been assigned in her management class are all athletes on the college's football and basketball teams. She immediately considers dropping the class because she thinks her experience with that team will be negative. Joyce is likely to be reacting to a

stereotype

Sharon observes her older co-worker, Robert, being rude to a new trainee. She has seen this behavior in Robert whenever the company brings in new trainees. Sharon believes that Robert resents the younger management trainees, who he refers to as "know-it-alls." She talks to him about _______ to help him understand.

stereotyping

. Saying, "You've got to pay your dues" is another way to promote the status quo. This is an example of the _______ option that organizations can use to address any type of diversity issue.

suppress

. Karrin notices immediately that one of the members assigned to her team in a marketing class is a middle-aged man. This is a(n) _______ characteristic.

surface-level

______ characteristics are quickly apparent to interactants.

surface-level

The self-serving bias states that we tend to

take more responsibility for success than failure

Nita is the office manager at a service station. Two applicants, Max and Tim, arrive to interview for the open mechanic's position. Max's clothes are dirty, his hair is unwashed, and he doesn't make eye contact when he gives Nita his name. Tim dresses in clean jeans and a nice shirt, is shaved, and shakes Nita's hand when he introduces himself. After the interview, Keith the head mechanic, asks Nita what she thought. Both men have the skill set needed for the position. Nita recommends Tim. She is responding to her perception of

the target

Why do recruiters use virtual interviews?

to reduce problems associated with implicit cognition

What form of diversity management is an organization adopting when it acknowledges differences but does not value nor accept them?

toleration

Which of the following is not a behavior that research found in the employees' categorical knowledge of good leaders?

using an autocratic approach