ob 4
. Jennifer is described by her friends as independent, distrusting authority, and technologically savvy. One of her strongest memories is the day of the Oklahoma City bombings. She is most likely to be a member of the _____ generation.
Gen X
. Chris has studied for his mathematics test and his English test. He expects to do moderately well in both subjects. He gets an "A" in English, but fails mathematics. While Chris feels that the grade he got for English was well-deserved, he blames his failure in mathematics on the fact that his teacher, Mr. Wallace, does not like him. In this situation, Chris is exhibiting
a self-serving bias
_______ is an artificial intervention aimed at giving management a chance to correct an imbalance, injustice, mistake, or outright discrimination that occurred in the past.
affirmative action
Which one of the following is not a difference between affirmative action and diversity management?
affirmative action only refers to mandatory programs
Helen uses a wheelchair to get around. Her company, Cue Furniture, makes sure her desk is wheelchair accessible. The ___________ requires the company to do provide this.
americans with disabilities act
We build stereotypes through a four-step process. Which of the following is not part of the process?
appraisal
. ABC Airlines hires flight attendants from diverse backgrounds and puts them through an extensive training and orientation program before they are approved to fly. In addition to learning about responding to medical issues and FAA guidelines, they also must learn the company's many rules and processes as contained in an extensive procedures and policies manual. ABC Airlines is adopting a(n) ______ option for managing diversity
assimilate
When must managers accurately identify and communicate the behavioral characteristics and results they look for in a good performance?
at the beginning of a review cycle
______ is based on a simple premise: Rightly or wrongly, people infer causes for their own and others' behavior.
attribution theory
Which of the following is not a layer of diversity?
attributional
The generation described as workaholic, idealistic, competitive, and materialistic is
baby boomers
. The existence of implicit cognition leads people to make ________ decisions without realizing they are doing so.
biased
Affirmative action plans
can negatively affect women and minorities.
________ are suspected or inferred causes of behavior.
casual attributions
The steps in the process of stereotype formation and maintenance in order are
categorization, inferences, expectations, maintenance.
Ethan observes that his subordinate, Nate, is performing and acting like the other members of the unit. He is observing
consensus
Harold Kelley hypothesized that people make causal attributions by observing three dimensions of behavior
consensus, distinctiveness, and consistency
Kelley hypothesized that people make causal attributions by observing
consensus, distinctiveness, and consistency
Camilla, a manager, notes that Wilhelm's written reports from his hire date to the present are very thorough and accurate. Camilla is looking at
consistency
Josef, a manager, reviews Arturo's performance over the past six months and notes that during February he was late to work five times. He was not late during any other months. Josef is observing
consistency
There are two key situational characteristics that affect perception: the______ of the interaction, and the culture and race ______ between perceivers
context; consistency
Mario is setting up an after-school program for inner city youth. The population is a mix of white, African-American and Latino, with Latinos comprising the majority of participants. Which of the following would help the group overcome stereotypes?
create project opportunities using a mix of populations with equal status
Carlos, a manager, is looking at records of Mary's work performance. He notes that she performed very well on task A, but poorly on task B. He is observing
distinctiveness
Perception is the process that
enables us to interpret and understand our surroundings
The millennial generation is described as
entitled, civic-minded, closely involved with parents.
All the employees in Mustafa's unit are performing poorly on one specific aspect of their jobs during the month of June; however, they are performing well on all other parts of their job. This is likely to be attributed to
external causes
Seema is married with two children and lives in New York. She has worked at Bubble Zone for 10 years. These are all _______of the four layers of diversity.
external dimensions
Molly works as a dishwasher at a restaurant. She comes across as a fun-loving, party-going person. One day her dog falls sick and Molly has to take him to the vet. She calls her boss and tells him that she won't be coming in to work. Her boss thinks that Molly is missing work intentionally, so that she can go out and party. Which of the following best describes the boss's perception of the situation?
fundamental attribution bias
Surface-level characteristics include _____, age, and race.
gender
The term _______ identifies an invisible but absolute barrier that prevents women from advancing to higher-level positions.
glass ceiling
John, a mid-level manager, notices that all his subordinates are filling out their monthly reports incorrectly. He concludes that the report forms are too complicated and need to be revised. On which type of attributional information is John's decision based?
high consensus
David's boss has observed that David took about 12 hours to perform tasks A, B, and C. However, he took 24 hours to complete task D. David's boss concluded that task D must have been tougher than the other tasks. Which of the following attributional information led David's boss to this conclusion?
high distinctiveness
. Carrie goes out to lunch and orders a diet soda. If we consider _________, she is likely to prefer a salad for lunch.
implicit cognition
Deep-level characteristics of diversity
include attitudes, opinions, and values.
Pat is applying for a new job. Which of the following will help her online "image"?
include information on her volunteer activities
Shoney's hired African Americans to fill positions of dining-room supervisors and vice presidents, added more franchises owned by African Americans, and purchased more goods and services from minority-owned companies. This represents the _____ option that organization can use to address diversity issues.
include/exclude
If Otto views a situation as having low consensus, low distinctiveness, and high consistency, he is likely to make an attribution of
internal causes
Since she was hired four months ago, Janelle has performed poorly on many aspects of her job. This is likely to be attributed to
internal causes
At its most basic, a person's behavior can be attributed to either ______ or ______ factors.
internal; external
The use of implicit cognitions
leads people to make biased decisions
Which of the following is not one of the recommendations to managers about reducing stereotypes?
managers should actively ignore stereotypes
Of the following options, which is the action to address any type of diversity issue?
mutual adaptation
Which of the following is not one of the key perceiver characteristics that affect our perceptions of others?
nonverbal cues
Carl's team is evaluating his effectiveness as a leader. Which of the following behaviors does reflect an effective leader?
not letting other group members make any decisions
Alana looks at the clouds and sees flowers. Her brother, Sammy, looks at the same clouds and sees jellyfish. Alana and Sammy have different
perceptions
The fundamental attribution bias says that we tend to overattribute others' behaviors to _________ factors.
personal
External factors include all of the following except
putting forth effort
Marion, a shift supervisor, is keeping a performance diary for each of her employees. This mechanism can ______ performance appraisals.
reduce bias in
Which of the following is not a technique by which managers can reduce the effect of implicit cognition in hiring?
rely on stereotypes
Josephine is on a four-person project team in her management class. The team produces four reports during the term, and each person leads one of these projects. The project Josephine leads earned an A, while the team receives Cs on the other three reports. Josephine believes that her project was successful was because of her leadership abilities, while the other projects were not as good because of the inadequate skills of the other team members. She demonstrates ______ in her beliefs.
self serving bias
Bill receives a compliment on a recent campaign; he attributes the success to his creativity. Mark's campaign didn't do well; he blames his team for not pulling together. These are examples of
self-serving bias
Melissa walks into her morning status meeting. She didn't have time for breakfast or even coffee. During the meeting, she is most likely to focus on
snacks and drinks because she is hungry and thirsty
"Women have a harder time than men in being perceived as effective leaders." This statement is a(n)
stereotype
A(n) ______ is an individual's set of beliefs about the characteristics of a group.
stereotype
Joyce finds that the members of the project team to which she has been assigned in her management class are all athletes on the college's football and basketball teams. She immediately considers dropping the class because she thinks her experience with that team will be negative. Joyce is likely to be reacting to a
stereotype
Sharon observes her older co-worker, Robert, being rude to a new trainee. She has seen this behavior in Robert whenever the company brings in new trainees. Sharon believes that Robert resents the younger management trainees, who he refers to as "know-it-alls." She talks to him about _______ to help him understand.
stereotyping
. Saying, "You've got to pay your dues" is another way to promote the status quo. This is an example of the _______ option that organizations can use to address any type of diversity issue.
suppress
. Karrin notices immediately that one of the members assigned to her team in a marketing class is a middle-aged man. This is a(n) _______ characteristic.
surface-level
______ characteristics are quickly apparent to interactants.
surface-level
The self-serving bias states that we tend to
take more responsibility for success than failure
Nita is the office manager at a service station. Two applicants, Max and Tim, arrive to interview for the open mechanic's position. Max's clothes are dirty, his hair is unwashed, and he doesn't make eye contact when he gives Nita his name. Tim dresses in clean jeans and a nice shirt, is shaved, and shakes Nita's hand when he introduces himself. After the interview, Keith the head mechanic, asks Nita what she thought. Both men have the skill set needed for the position. Nita recommends Tim. She is responding to her perception of
the target
Why do recruiters use virtual interviews?
to reduce problems associated with implicit cognition
What form of diversity management is an organization adopting when it acknowledges differences but does not value nor accept them?
toleration
Which of the following is not a behavior that research found in the employees' categorical knowledge of good leaders?
using an autocratic approach