OB 6301 CHAPTER 8

During the ________ stage, the team develops its first real sense of cohesion as roles are established and a consensus forms around group objectives and a common or complementary team-based mental model.

norming

Team ______ are the informal rules and shared expectations that groups establish to regulate the behavior of their members.

norms

Elements of the organizational and team environment that impact the effectiveness of a team include:

team rewards organizational structure

The development of norms enables team members to

anticipate or predict how others will act

List the stages of the nominal group technique in order, with the first stage at the top.

1. participants independently and silently document their ideas 2. participants collectively describe ideas to other team members without critique 3. participants independently and silently evaluate the ideas presented

Under which of the following situations is a diverse team better than a homogeneous team?

A perception of fairness is important. A decision needs input from different viewpoints.

Identification-based trust

Based on mutual understanding and an emotional bond among team members

Knowledge-based trust

Based on the predictability of another team member's behavior

Calculus-based trust

Based on the premise that team members will act appropriately because they will otherwise face sanctions

______ is a decision making technique where team members meet face-to-face, speak freely without fear of criticism, generate as many creative ideas as possible, and build on the ideas of others.

Brainstorming

Harry wanted to get as many ideas as possible about the company's new campaign. He gathered his creative team in a conference room, introduced the topic, and asked that each participant think and record their ideas individually and anonymously without any verbal interaction. What is the term used to describe the technique Harry was using?

Brainwriting

______ is a group idea generation and problem resolution approach that asks participants to write down their ideas instead of verbally describing them.

Brainwriting

The premise of ______ is that adding more people to a late project only makes it later.

Brooks's law

______ trust is based on the assumption that other team members will perform as expected because they fear the consequences of not doing what they promised.

Calculus-based

What term is used to describe a method to improve team decision making that relies on networked computers to submit and share creative ideas?

Electronic brainstorming

Toby had some ideas on how her group should address its class project, but she was reluctant to speak up during their meeting because she was afraid that her ideas might seem silly and the other members would be judging her. What term is used to describe this constraint on decision-making?

Evaluation apprehension

Which of the following is the BEST definition of team building?

Formal activities intended to improve the development and functioning of a work team

Which of the following exists primarily for the benefit of their members?

Informal groups

Jason's work team is highly cohesive but tends to be rebellious. They frequently disregard company rules about the length of breaks and lunches and are often late to work in the morning. Based on this description, what type of task performance could be expected from Jason's team?

Low task performance

Cisco Systems has wireless technology throughout its facility and uses collaborative workspaces instead of cubicles to facilitate interaction between team members. Which element of the organizational and team environment has Cisco addressed?

Physical space

What is process loss?

Resources (including time and energy) expended on team development and maintenance rather than on performing the task.

"The harder it is to get into a group, the more incentive people have to stay." This quote illustrates which influence on team cohesion?

Restricted entry

Which of the following teams allows employees to plan, organize, and control their work activities with little or no direct involvement of a higher-status supervisor?

Self-directed team

________ provides one explanation of why people belong to informal groups.

Social identity theory

________ is the phenomenon that occurs when people exert less effort when working in groups than when working alone.

Social loafing

Which of the following are ways to avoid social loafing on teams?

Specialize tasks Form teams from motivated employees Increase job enrichment

is the extent to which the work performed by one member of a group affects what other members do.

Task interdependence

Departmental team

Team consisting of employees who are located in the same unit of a functional structure

Which of the following are situations that help lead to social loafing?

Team members have low agreeableness. Individual performance is hidden in the single output of the team. The work of the team is boring.

Advisory team

Team that provides recommendations to decision makers

Virtual team

Team whose members are linked through information technologies

Which of the following describe characteristics of teams?

Teams exist to fulfill a purpose. Members perceive themselves as a social entity

What are some advantages to workplace teams?

Teams often make better decisions than employees working alone. Coworkers become benchmarks of comparison, stimulating improved performance. People are potentially more motivated when working in teams than when working alone.

Task force

Temporary team formed to solve a problem, realize an opportunity, or design a product or service

What term is used to describe a decision-making structure in which team members collectively participate in a three-stage process to generate, present, and vote on solutions to a problem?

The nominal group technique

Which of the following statements is true about informal groups in an organization?

They play an important role in trust building and information sharing

As a general rule, smaller teams have less process loss than larger teams.

True

Which of the following are occasions when new team norms develop?

When the team loses a major contract or account When injury occurs on the job During team formation

Brooks's law states that

adding more people to a late project only makes it later

One of the dangers of team efficacy is that it causes team members to

become overly confident in their decisions

Employees' drive to ______ motivates them to fulfill the goals of the groups to which they belong.

bond

Ways in which an organization can improve the effectiveness of virtual teams include

clear operational objectives documented work procedures a toolkit of communication channels

Professor Hoffman uses a number of small group activities in her class, and students work together in the same groups frequently over the course of the semester. This repeated interaction would likely result in higher team

cohesion

The more similar the background, interests, attitudes, and values of team members, the more ______ (cohesive/incoherent) the team tends to be.

cohesive

According to the Five Cs model, which team member competency involves helping coworkers maintain a positive and healthy psychological state?

comforting

According to the Five Cs model, which team member competency involves actively managing the team's work so that it is performed efficiently and harmoniously?

coordinating

The Five Cs model of team member competency identifies five competencies of effective team members: comforting, conflict resolving, communicating, cooperating, and

coordinating

Which of the five Cs concerns aligning the work with others and keeping the team on track?

coordinating

Studies report that employees' initially high trust (swift trust) of team members tends to ______ over time.

decrease

If a dysfunctional norm is very deeply ingrained in a team and solutions have not worked, the best strategy is probably to

disband the group and replace it with people having more favorable norms.

Teams tend to have more cohesion when

entry to the team is restricted

A decision-making problem that occurs when individuals are reluctant to express ideas that seem silly because they believe other team members are silently evaluating them is known as

evaluation apprehension

True or false: Face-to-face communication during the early stages of the team development process ultimately may hinder the success of a virtual team.

false

True or false: Informal team roles are established as a result of formal job responsibilities.

false

The drive to bond and the dynamics of social identity theory are reasons why people

form informal groups

In a brainstorming meeting, team members are encouraged to

generate as many ideas as possible

Self-directed teams

have substantial autonomy over the execution of a complete task.

Self-directed teams

have substantial autonomy over the execution of their tasks

As a general rule, as the size of the team ______, team cohesion ______.

increases, decreases

As a general rule, as the level of task interdependence ______, the need to organize people into teams ______.

increases, increases

One of the criticisms of electronic brainstorming is that

it is technology-bound and can be rigid

Social loafing is more likely to occur when employees

lack motivation to help the team

Which of the following are two features that distinguish remote teams from conventional teams?

lack of co-location and dependence on information technology

As a general rule, members of homogeneous teams experience

less conflict better interpersonal relations higher satisfaction

Advantages of smaller teams include

less process loss higher levels of engagement

Which of the following would hinder the success of remote teams?

members who use one preferred communication channel

Reducing the size of the team and measuring each team member's performance are ways in which an organization can

minimize social loafing

If you're late for a product development team meeting at JoBella Enterprises, you have to put $2 in a "Pizza Fund." This fund is used to buy lunch for the team on the first Friday of each month. This is an example of a team

norm

Workers at LaSalle Candy Company have an unspoken "rule" that no worker moves faster than the assembly line so that management can't speed up the line. This is an example of a dysfunctional team

norm

The new product development team of which Lloyd has been a member is finally "firing on all cylinders." Its members are working together smoothly, trust each other, and are mutually committed to the objectives of the team. Lloyd's team appears to be in the ______ stage of team development.

performing

At Lamb's Peace Church, the music director, youth group director and the director of religious education share the services of the administrative staff. This is an example of ______ interdependence.

pooled

Team performance may suffer when there is considerable turnover in the ranks, because new members need to "learn the ropes." This is an example of

process losses

A time constraint in decision making due to the procedural requirement that only one person may speak at a time is referred to as:

production blocking

Laurel was frustrated after the fund raising committee meeting because only one member was allowed to speak at a time, and she couldn't find an opportune time to voice her concerns or ask questions. Laurel has experienced:

production blocking

The highest degree of task interdependence is ______ interdependence.

reciprocal

Process losses are BEST described as

resources expended toward team development and maintenance rather than the task

Which of the following would be favorable for team cohesion?

restricted entry to the team

John has been designated the record-keeper for the team, and he is expected to take notes of all meeting procedures and share them with the team. This is John's team

role

A(n) ______ team is a cross-functional, large autonomous work group that completes an entire piece of work requiring several interdependent tasks.

self-directed

Which of the following types of task interdependence exists among production employees working on assembly lines?

sequential interdependence

People join groups because the group shapes and reinforces their self-concept. This is known as

social identity theory

The final project in Alonzo's class is a group research paper. He hates group work but he also knows that, even if he doesn't do much work on the project, his other group members will pick up the slack so they don't get a bad grade on the project. This is known as

social loafing

The tendency for people in a group to put less effort into a task when the effort is pooled compared to when they are responsible for their own work is known as

social loafing

LinkedIn, Facebook and MySpace are examples of ______ that encourage the formation of informal groups and associated communication.

social networks

Management can change dysfunctional norms by

speaking up and actively coaching the team introducing team-based rewards that counter dysfunctional norms replacing group members with people who have more favorable norms

During the ______ stage of team development, team members may experience interpersonal conflict and compete for team roles.

storming

When employees first join a team, they often have a moderate or high level of trust in their new coworkers, known as

swift trust

An electronic controls manufacturer formed a multidisciplinary team to develop a state-of-the-art control for a microwave oven. When the project was completed, the team disbanded. This is an example of a(n) ______ team.

task force

The extent to which team members must share materials, information or expertise to perform their jobs is referred to as:

task interdependence

A(n) ______ is a group of two or more people who interact and influence each other, are mutually accountable for achieving common goals, and perceive themselves as a social entity.

team

encompasses formal activities intended to improve the development and functioning of a work team.

team building

The Three Musketeers' motto, "All for one and one for all" (meaning that all members of the group support individual members, and the individual members pledge to support the group), is an example of

team cohesion

The degree of attraction people feel toward the team and their motivation to remain members is referred to as

team cohesion

In the team effectiveness model, which of the following are the two overall team components that directly impact team effectiveness?

team design and team processes

What term refers to a team's collective beliefs about its capability to achieve team performance?

team efficacy

Highly cohesive teams perform worse than teams with low cohesion when

the team norms are counterproductive

Informal groups are differentiated from teams in that

they exist primarily for the benefit of their members their members have little or no interdependence they have no organizationally mandated purpose

A role is a set of behaviors that people are expected to perform because

they hold certain positions in a team or organization

A team whose members operate across space, time and organizational boundaries and are linked through information technologies to achieve organizational tasks is known as a(n) ______ team.

virtual

Janice is a project manager at a large, multinational insurance company in Illinois. Her team members are located in Ireland, Bangladesh, and Australia and work remotely via information technologies. This is an example of a(n) ______ team.

virtual