OB MGMT Ch 6. Motivation
Rank of motivational forces and their strength on job performance (strongest motivator to lowest)
1) Self Efficacy 2) Specific/difficult Goals 3) Increased Valence, instrumentality, and expectancy 4) Perceptions of Equity
Which of the following are reasons some employees may lack motivation?
Lack of confidence Assignment of an ambiguous goal
Brianna has just learned that her coworker, who has less experience and education, is earning more than she does. Which three of the following would be the most likely results of this equity distress?
She will ask her boss for a raise She will become angry or envious She will reduce her efforts on the job
Workers who believe that their workplaces have a sense of equity are more likely to exhibit _____ behaviors and less likely to exhibit _____ behaviors
citizenship counterproductive
Katrina discovers that she is earning significantly more than a coworker with more experience. She justifies this by telling herself that she is paid more because she puts more effort into the job than her coworker. Katrina's views are examples of
cognitive distortion
Raul compares himself with other employees who are doing different kinds of jobs in the company where he works. What type of comparison is Raul performing?
company equity
Kendra has been working at Harmon Electrics as a quality-control inspector for three years. She learns that a coworker with less experience and less time with the company is earning more than she is What is Kendra's coworker, according to the equity theory?
comparison other
Which dimension of psychological empowerment refers to an employee's belief that he or she can perform his or her professional work at a high level?
competence
A _____________ goal is one that stretches employees to perform at their maximum level while still staying within the boundaries of their ability.
difficult
which of the following motivation theories considers the ratio between outcomes and inputs and recognizes that outcomes depend in part on what occurs in the lives of others?
equity theory
An individual's perceived probability that his or her effort will result in positive outcomes is known as
expectancy
Since Jake is the only purchasing manager in his company, he compares his salary and benefit package with those of purchasing managers in other, similar-sized companies. Jake is using what kind of indicators to examine his position?
external comparisons
Gale is responsible for developing the organization's strategic plan. She and her manager meet weekly to discuss her progress. This is an example of which type of moderator on task performance?
feedback
"Money is a tool to be able to do things and travel where I want." This statement emphasizes the dimension of ____________ in the symbolic value of money.
freedom
which of following is the aim of an action and serves as the primary driver of the intensity and persistence of effort for the action
goal
When people feel that their work makes a difference and contributes to progress, they experience what form of psychological empowerment?
impact
The belief known as _____________ refers to the belief that "If I do a good job, I'll receive the outcome I desire."
instrumentality
An individual's self-confidence and need for achievement are considered ____________ forces in motivation.
internal
Peggy is passionate about her job as an adoption counselor at the local humane shelter. She feels that her job helps her fulfill the value she places on saving the lives of homeless animals. This is an example of which element of psychological empowerment?
meaningfulness
Profit sharing depends on the performance of an entire company. What type of focus does this compensation plan have?
organization
Direction, intensity, and _____ are the components of motivation that contribute to an employee's work.
persistence
in terms of equity theory, which of the following would be considered outcomes?
promotions workplace perks
What do people experience when they believe that their professional work contributes to some greater cause?
psychological empowerment
past accomplishments
sam earned a 3.9 GPA in his undergraduate program, and that bolsters his confidence that he'll do well in graduate school.
verbal persuasion
sam enrolls in an MBA program because his wife and parents have convinced him that can succeed
emotional cues
sam is extremely nervous about being back in a classroom after an absence of almost 10 years, so he's unsure that he'll succeed in an MBA program
vicarious experiences
sam's best friend recently earned an MBA from the same university and he recommended the program enthusiastically.
which of the following would likely to be characterized as an extrinsic motivations?
samantha's new boss frequently praises her for the quality of her work bettina's new job has a lucrative bonus benefits package
One of the aspects that Ricardo loves best about running a branch office is that the people in headquarters leave him alone and give him considerable latitude in making decisions for the branch. Which component of psychological empowerment does this represent?
self-determination
People with what type of belief think that they have the capabilities needed to carry out the behaviors for a task?
self-efficacy
Which of the following needs would be categorized as existence needs
shelter safety
According to goal setting theory, there are three variables that determine whether supervisors' goals will affect their employees' work actions. One is goal commitment. What are the other two?
task complexity feedback
Setting specific, challenging goals encourages workers to develop plans that teach them new things and answer their dilemmas. These plans are known by what term?
task strategies
Alexis owns an executive search firm and has established a goal for each of her recruiters to make contact with 25 or more potential candidates each day. This illustrates which of the following concepts of S.M.A.R.T. goals?
time-sensitive measurable specific
One of the problems with determining needs is that people's conceptions of needs vary between different cultures or even between individuals.
true
motivational force equals zero if any of the three beliefs of expectancy, instrumentality, and valence is zero
true
according to expectancy theory, an individual's effort level depends on three factors: expectancy, instrumentality, and
valence
the belief known as _________ relates to the question "Does the outcome have any value to me?"
valence