OB MGMT Ch 6. Motivation

Rank of motivational forces and their strength on job performance (strongest motivator to lowest)

1) Self Efficacy 2) Specific/difficult Goals 3) Increased Valence, instrumentality, and expectancy 4) Perceptions of Equity

Which of the following are reasons some employees may lack motivation?

Lack of confidence Assignment of an ambiguous goal

Brianna has just learned that her coworker, who has less experience and education, is earning more than she does. Which three of the following would be the most likely results of this equity distress?

She will ask her boss for a raise She will become angry or envious She will reduce her efforts on the job

Workers who believe that their workplaces have a sense of equity are more likely to exhibit _____ behaviors and less likely to exhibit _____ behaviors

citizenship counterproductive

Katrina discovers that she is earning significantly more than a coworker with more experience. She justifies this by telling herself that she is paid more because she puts more effort into the job than her coworker. Katrina's views are examples of

cognitive distortion

Raul compares himself with other employees who are doing different kinds of jobs in the company where he works. What type of comparison is Raul performing?

company equity

Kendra has been working at Harmon Electrics as a quality-control inspector for three years. She learns that a coworker with less experience and less time with the company is earning more than she is What is Kendra's coworker, according to the equity theory?

comparison other

Which dimension of psychological empowerment refers to an employee's belief that he or she can perform his or her professional work at a high level?

competence

A _____________ goal is one that stretches employees to perform at their maximum level while still staying within the boundaries of their ability.

difficult

which of the following motivation theories considers the ratio between outcomes and inputs and recognizes that outcomes depend in part on what occurs in the lives of others?

equity theory

An individual's perceived probability that his or her effort will result in positive outcomes is known as

expectancy

Since Jake is the only purchasing manager in his company, he compares his salary and benefit package with those of purchasing managers in other, similar-sized companies. Jake is using what kind of indicators to examine his position?

external comparisons

Gale is responsible for developing the organization's strategic plan. She and her manager meet weekly to discuss her progress. This is an example of which type of moderator on task performance?

feedback

"Money is a tool to be able to do things and travel where I want." This statement emphasizes the dimension of ____________ in the symbolic value of money.

freedom

which of following is the aim of an action and serves as the primary driver of the intensity and persistence of effort for the action

goal

When people feel that their work makes a difference and contributes to progress, they experience what form of psychological empowerment?

impact

The belief known as _____________ refers to the belief that "If I do a good job, I'll receive the outcome I desire."

instrumentality

An individual's self-confidence and need for achievement are considered ____________ forces in motivation.

internal

Peggy is passionate about her job as an adoption counselor at the local humane shelter. She feels that her job helps her fulfill the value she places on saving the lives of homeless animals. This is an example of which element of psychological empowerment?

meaningfulness

Profit sharing depends on the performance of an entire company. What type of focus does this compensation plan have?

organization

Direction, intensity, and _____ are the components of motivation that contribute to an employee's work.

persistence

in terms of equity theory, which of the following would be considered outcomes?

promotions workplace perks

What do people experience when they believe that their professional work contributes to some greater cause?

psychological empowerment

past accomplishments

sam earned a 3.9 GPA in his undergraduate program, and that bolsters his confidence that he'll do well in graduate school.

verbal persuasion

sam enrolls in an MBA program because his wife and parents have convinced him that can succeed

emotional cues

sam is extremely nervous about being back in a classroom after an absence of almost 10 years, so he's unsure that he'll succeed in an MBA program

vicarious experiences

sam's best friend recently earned an MBA from the same university and he recommended the program enthusiastically.

which of the following would likely to be characterized as an extrinsic motivations?

samantha's new boss frequently praises her for the quality of her work bettina's new job has a lucrative bonus benefits package

One of the aspects that Ricardo loves best about running a branch office is that the people in headquarters leave him alone and give him considerable latitude in making decisions for the branch. Which component of psychological empowerment does this represent?

self-determination

People with what type of belief think that they have the capabilities needed to carry out the behaviors for a task?

self-efficacy

Which of the following needs would be categorized as existence needs

shelter safety

According to goal setting theory, there are three variables that determine whether supervisors' goals will affect their employees' work actions. One is goal commitment. What are the other two?

task complexity feedback

Setting specific, challenging goals encourages workers to develop plans that teach them new things and answer their dilemmas. These plans are known by what term?

task strategies

Alexis owns an executive search firm and has established a goal for each of her recruiters to make contact with 25 or more potential candidates each day. This illustrates which of the following concepts of S.M.A.R.T. goals?

time-sensitive measurable specific

One of the problems with determining needs is that people's conceptions of needs vary between different cultures or even between individuals.

true

motivational force equals zero if any of the three beliefs of expectancy, instrumentality, and valence is zero

true

according to expectancy theory, an individual's effort level depends on three factors: expectancy, instrumentality, and

valence

the belief known as _________ relates to the question "Does the outcome have any value to me?"

valence