OB test 2
To get your message across to the other person, you first need to ________ the receiver, such as being sensitive to words that may be ambiguous or trigger the wrong emotional response.
empathize with
___________ involves calling upon higher authority or expertise, or symbolically relying on these sources to support the influencer's position.
Upward appeal
Which of the following should corporate leaders do with the organizational grapevine?
Use the grapevine as a signal of employee anxiety and view it as a valid competitor to the company's formal communication system.
you have made an important presentation to several Japanese executives regarding a proposed partnership between your American company and their Japanese firm. The Japanese executives were silent during the presentation. Most people in the United States would view this silence as
a lack of communication.
Your team is allocated a project involving a major client, the Beswick Company. Although the organization has many clients, this client, and project, is the largest source of revenue and affects the work of several other teams in the organization. The project requires continuous involvement with the client, so any problems with the client are immediately felt by others in the organization. Jamie, a member of your team, is the only person in the company with whom this client is willing to deal .Jamie has which of the following?
a low degree of substitutability
For which of the following would a nonprogrammed decision be appropriate?
a non-routine situation in which employees must search for alternative solutions
Which of the following communication channels is most effective when the sender wants to persuade the receiver?
a personal face-to-face meeting with the receiver
Management by walking around (MBWA) refers to
a practice in which executives get out of their offices and learn from others in the organization through casual face-to-face dialogue.
Which of the following types of task interdependence exists among production employees working on assembly lines?
a sequential interdependence
What is a task force?
a temporary team formed to solve a problem, realize an opportunity, or design a product or service
Shantal recently went to a communication workshop to improve her workplace performance. She learned that in effective communication she should resist forming an opinion until the speaker has finished, then attempt to empathize with the listener, and , finally, respond effectively to the speaker. She learned techniques regarding maintaining eye contact and sending back channel signals to show interest. Shantal is learning _________ listening.
active
Jake slams his finger while closing a cabinet drawer. Due to ________, Mandy winces and shakes her hand.
emotional contagion
In organizational settings, how is power defined?
the capacity to influence others
Listeners often engage in an automatic process of "catching" or sharing another person's emotions by mimicking that person's facial expressions and other nonverbal behavior. Which of the following drives causes this effect?
the drive to bond
Which of the following fundamental drives is highly influenced by effective communication?
the drive to bond
A coworker performs a large favor for you. Based on ________, you will now feel obligated to do a favor for them.
the norm of reciprocity
Which of the following is an increasing source of information overload within organizations?
________ provides an explanation of why people belong to informal groups.
social identity theory
Social loafing occurs more
when the task is boring than when it is interesting.
________ is particularly strong when the teams performance depends on the worst performer.
Accountability
Elvira meets with her manager to ask for a raise. She seeks a 5% increase. As her manager counters, Elvira is reluctant to move off her starting point. This is an example of which decision making Heurisitc?
Anchor and adjust heuristic
in which of these countries do people tend to have the least physical distance between them in line-ups, stand-up conversations, and the like?
Argentina
__________ literally refers to how much you are located between others in a network.
Betweenness
Nodding your head up and down tends to mean "No" in which country?
Bulgaria
Identify and describe the "five Cs" of member behavior in effective teams.
Cooperating, Coordinating, Communicating, Consoling, and Conflict Resolution
Which of the following statements is TRUE of countervailing power in organizational relationships?
Countervailing power is one of the ways that people gain power by coping with uncertainty.
Which of the following can result in more effective problem identification?
Create a norm of divine discontent
Which of the following is an observation from organizational behavior that contradicts the rational choice decision making process?
Decision makers have limited information processing abilities
According to business leaders, how should people make decisions in organizations?
Effective decision making involves identifying, selecting, and applying the best possible alternative.
People from which of these countries tend to shake hands the most?
France
In the creative process, which of the following refers to the experience of suddenly becoming aware of a unique idea?
Illumination
________ is a form of impression management.
Ingratiation
Why is the rational choice view of decision making impossible to apply in reality?
It assumes that people are perfectly rational in their decision making.
Why does the tendency to define problems in terms of a preferred solution occur?
It comforts decision makers by providing closure to a problem
Which of the following statements is TRUE about communication within a corporate organization?
It is important in the decision-making process
Which of the following statements is TRUE about confirmation bias?
It is otherwise known as postdecisional justification
Which of the following statements is TRUE about the self-enhancement effect?
It supports a positive self concept but it also increases the risk of escalation of commitment
While visiting Southern France, the concierge asks you whether the meeting room is satisfactory. You give the OK signal of thumb and fore finger touching to make an "O." To the concierge, this probably means:
It's worthless!"
Janice has worked for Grandma B's Candies in the marketing department for 17 years. Last week, the CEO formally announced that Grandma B's was acquired by a large candy company wanting to expand its business into high-quality gourmet chocolates. Janice heard by way of the company grapevine that layoffs would occur in the days to come. She and her coworkers are very anxious and have gathered in the break room to chat. How could corporate leaders relieve employee anxiety in this situation?
Listen to the grapevine and update employees through a media-rich channel, such as a face-to-face meeting.
________ is the capacity of a communication medium to transmit information.
Media richness
Which of the following generally occurs during the storming stage of team development?
Members try to establish norms of appropriate behavior and performance standards
Establishing a preset level at which the decision is abandoned or reevaluated is recommended mainly to do which of the following?
Minimize escalation of commitment
According to social identity theory, which of the following is true?
People define themselves by their group affiliations
Which of the following represents legitimate power?
People in certain roles can request a set of behaviors from others.
______________ is the tendency to experience stronger negative emotions when losing something of value than the positive emotions experienced when gaining something of equal value.
Prospect theory effect
Which of the following statements is TRUE about the rational decision-making model?
Rational choice decision making selects the best alternative by calculating the probability that various outcomes will occur from the choices.
The director of nursing is looking throughout the hospital for a new format of work schedule for the nurses. She evaluates each schedule system as soon as she learns about it. Eventually, she finds a schedule that is good enough for her needs and ends her search even though there may be better schedules available that she hasn't yet learned about. In this case, the Director of Nursing is engaging in
Satisficing.
Which of the following is TRUE at the highest level of employee involvement?
The entire decision-making process is handed over to employees.
Which of the is correct regarding cross-cultural communication?
The sender's accent can be a barrier to communication.
What is satisficing?
The tendency to choose an alternative that is good enough rather than the best The feeling employees experience when they make the right decision
What effect do mental models have on the decision-making process?
They adversely influence evaluations by making it difficult to see new opportunities
Which of the following statements is TRUE about digital messages?
They are usually inappropriate for ambiguous and novel situations
Which of the following statements is TRUE about action scripts?
They effectively shorten the decision making process.
For which of the following would creative people tend to be more creative?
They have a reasonable level of job security
When is social loafing more likely to occur?
When the task is boring and not interesting
Which of the following is true as your betweenness in a network increases?
You have more control of the distribution of information to people on either side of you.
Safety representatives in each of the six plants of a manufacturing company need to regularly communicate the number and type of health checks and safety incidents occurring in their plant. Each representative has a safety reporting document where he or she notes the type and number of infractions during the previous week. These incidents are well known to other representatives, so there are rarely any surprises. This weekly communication calls for
an effective use of lean media.
In organizational communication, "flaming" generally refers to
an emotionally charged email that communicates strong negative emotions.
In digital communication, what is flaming?
an emotionally charged message that communicates strong negative emotions
How would people in Brazil and France most likely interpret interruptions during a conversation?
as a sign of interest
When resource allocation decisions are ________, organizational politics are more likely to occur.
based on complex and ambiguous roles
Your centrality in a social network is determined by your
betweenness, closeness, and degree centrality.
Perceptual defense refers to the
blocking out of bad news or information that threatens our self-concept.
Which of these refers to the degree and nature of interdependence between the power holder and others?
centrality
Referent power is typically associated with
charisma
Bill started with the company in the accounting department as a staff accountant nearly two years ago. Yesterday, after several moves within the organization, he was named vice president of accounting. Other employees, even those who had been with the company for years, said there was just something about Bill that made you like and trust him. He worked well with everyone, never threw others under the bus to further his own career and is described by coworkers and management as an all-around great guy. Bill's interpersonal attraction, known as _________, is associated with __________ power.
charisma; referent
What are "strong ties"?
close-knit relationships
When a member of a network has shorter, more direct, and efficient paths or connections with others in the network, we say that the member has high
closeness
At DoubleTalk Inc., Jeremy, a supervisor, pushes his employees' performance by constantly checking their work and threatening them if they fail to keep their deadlines. After months of mistreatment, the employees get together and sign a letter to the human resources department to express their grievances. What form of influence are the employees using?
coalition formation
mployees have ___________ , ranging from sarcasm to ostracism, to ensure that coworkers conform to team norms.
coercive power
Which of the following behaviors of effective team members would primarily assist in maintaining healthy psychological and interpersonal dynamics?
comforting
What are the five Cs of desirable teamwork behavior?
cooperating, coordinating, conflict handling, communicating, comforting
Done correctly, management by walking around (MBWA) is most likely to occur on a __________ basis.
daily or weekly
The number or percentage of connections you have in a network is called
degree centrality.
Which would be the best strategy if a dysfunctional norm is very deeply ingrained in a team?
disband the group and replace it with people having more favorable norms
Justin is a manager at InnoApp Inc., a web-based applications company. In an attempt to promote new ideas, Justin decides to allow his engineering team to devote 15 percent of their work time to whatever projects they would like to work on and reduces their assigned workload. He then institutes a 30-minute period each morning where the team members are asked to look over their current project list for the day and develop more knowledge about a task before they move on to work on their assigned tasks. Justin is attempting to promote
employee creativity.
Employees are more likely to comply with a supervisor's legitimate power when the
employees have high power distance
Decision makers tend to rely on their implicit favorite when they
evaluate decision alternatives sequentially.
Which of these is the final step in the rational choice decision-making process?
evaluating decision outcomes
Which of the following sources of power originates from the power holder's own characteristics?
expert power
At Sunshine Toys, several employees must work together to develop a new product. No one in this group has worked with any of the others before, and the development of this product has not been attempted previously. According to the media richness model, which of the following communication channels is most appropriate in this situation?
face-to-face meetings
Which of the following is an example of ingratiation?
flattering a boss
Which of the following represents the first step in the communication model?
forming the message
Which of the following networking styles increases a person's expert power?
gaining valuable information from other members through networking
Research indicates that you will more often ________ as the number of brokering relationships you have increases.
get early promotions and higher pay
People ________, which is one reason to belong to social networks.
have a drive to bond
Department and shift teams in many hospitals have brief stand-up daily huddles during which team members share information and expectations about the day's work. This an example of
high media richness
Department and shift teams in many hospitals have brief stand-up daily huddles during which team members share information and expectations about the day's work. This is an example of
high media richness.
ngratiation is part of a larger influence tactic known as
impression management.
Prime Inc. has come up with a new product developmental project for which the project manager forms a team. The team includes Cam, Demarco, Tamara, and Aisha from accounting, marketing, manufacturing, and sales divisions respectively. On completion of the project, the team disperses and the four return to their original departments. However, each week, the four meet after work on Thursdays to play darts at a local pub. The four meeting after work to play darts is an example of a(n)
informal group.
Which type of team building aims to help team members build trust and become more cohesive?
interpersonal relations
Which of the following is TRUE about calculus-based trust?
it offers the lowest potential trust in organizations
In the context of communication barrier, ________ refers to specialized words and phrases for specific occupations or groups that are used in communication.
jargon
A central feature of the communication model is the channel, also called the ________, through which information is transmitted.
medium
When trying to point to an object, Japanese people tend to:
point with an open hand.
In the context of the communication process model, ________ refers to the psychological, social, and structural barriers that distort and obscure the sender's intended message.
noise
An example of a team ________ would be agreement that members should not interrupt others when they are speaking.
norm
Ilona is a new employee at a leading IT firm. Within a few weeks, she learns that a large number of emails flood her inbox on a daily basis. She redirects emails of no significance to a junk folder. Ilona is using _________ to reduce information overload.
omitting
in the context of information overload, __________ refers to the act of overlooking messages in a communication.
omitting
Ilona is a new employee at a leading IT firm. Within a few weeks, she learns that a large number of emails flood her inbox on a daily basis. She redirects emails of no significance to a junk folder. This act of redirecting emails to a folder in order to reduce information overload is an example of
omitting.
In the communication process, filtering occurs when
people communicate mainly positive information about themselves by screening out negative information
Single Corp. is a company with three divisions that produce completely different products. These three divisions must seek funding from the head office for a capital expansion project. The relationship between these three divisions would be best described as ______________ interdependence.
pooled
Active listeners improve their sensing activities by
postponing evaluation of the message.
Power is the ___________ to change someone's behavior.
potential
Managers at Acme Ltd. are preparing for their twice-yearly budget meeting. Which decision making process will they most likely use
programmed
________ is the tendency to experience stronger negative emotions when losing something of value than the positive emotions experienced when gaining something of equal value
prospect theory effect
Employees with ________ interdependence, in which work output is exchanged back and forth among individuals, should be organized into teams to facilitate coordination in their interwoven relationship
reciprocal
Employees with ______________ interdependence, in which work output is exchanged back and forth among individuals, should be organized into teams to facilitate coordination in their interwoven relationship.
reciprocal
Although Joanna expects much from her employees, the people that work for Joanna identify with her values, like her, and respect her as a person. Joanna has ___________ power.
referent
By ________, active listeners can improve their responding.
rephrasing the speaker's ideas at appropriate breaks
What are process losses?
resources expended on team development and maintenance
Shantal recently went to a communication workshop to improve her workplace performance. She learned that, in effective communication, she should resist forming an opinion until the speaker has finished, then attempt to empathize with the listener, and, finally, respond effectively to the speaker. She learned techniques regarding maintaining eye contact and sending back channel signals to show interest. The techniques she learned with regard to showing interest will help her improve which active listening skill?
responding
Alvin, the production manager of Paragon Company, wants to select the best supplier of raw materials from among several vendors. He has several choices and has done research into which company provides the best services and products. One company is known to be extremely timely, another is much lower in price but often late in deliveries, and the third is well-known to provide the highest quality products available. According to the rational choice decision making process, Alvin should select the vendor that offers the most
satisfaction.
Which of the following would be more likely to cause people to engage in organizational politics?
scarce resources in the workplace
Rhonda hired Stan, which turned out to be a bad decision. Stan is lazy and underperforms, but Rhonda does not fire him. Because of ________, Rhonda speaks positively of stan to others to avoid being embarrassed by her hiring decision
self-justification
When doing business with clients or meeting coworkers in Thailand, which of the following is considered particularly rude or unprofessional
showing the bottom of your feet or shoes.
Which of the following is the most common form of influence in high power distance cultures?
silent authority
Which of the following has the same meaning around the world?
smiling
Charlotte noticed that several of her team members were checking email and looking at Facebook during their meeting, letting a couple people do all the work. Which type of process loss is this?
social loafing
Which contingency of power refers to the availability of alternatives?
substitutability
If an issue is time urgent and complex, which of the following would be the most important factor in choosing a channel?
synchronicity
Synergie Inc. formed a team to improve revenues for its service stations along major highways in Malaysia. This team, which included a service station manager, a truck driver, and four or five marketing executives, disbanded after it had reviewed the Malaysian service stations and submitted a business plan. This team is called a(n)
task force team.
Companies use ________ in an attempt to speed up or improve team development processes
team building
________ is the degree of attraction people feel toward the team and their motivation to remain members
team cohesion
________ is the degree to which team members have collective confidence in how well they work together and the likely success of their team effort.
team efficacy
People with high Machiavellian values tend to
use power to manipulate others toward their own personal goals.
The senior management at a leading global corporation has decided to promote a considerable number of its employees. Since its employees are spread all over the world, the top management is struggling to find an appropriate method to announce these promotions. They are keen on capturing and gauging the emotional joy and delight on the faces of those promoted. In such a case, which of the following would be the most appropriate method in announcing the promotions?
videoconferencing