OB/GYN BOARDS REVIEW

yolk sac functions

-transfer of nutrients -hematopoiesis -angiogenesis -formation of digestive tract

ectopic pregnacy classic triad

1. abnormal vaginal bleeding 2. palp anexal mass 3. pelvic pain

14-16 weeks

Amniotic membrane fuses with the chorion by when?

foramen ovale

An opening b/w the right and left atria. Allows some blood to bypass the right vent.

Ductus arteriosus

B/w aorta and pulmonary artery. Allows some blood to enter the aorta instead of the lungs.

Ebstein anomaly

Displaced tricuspid valve causing an enlarged right atrium.

16mm, 25mm

Embryo must be identified when MSD is greater than __ endovag, or ___ transabd.

hypotelorism

Eyes too close together?

hypertelorism

Eyes too far apart?

11 weeks

Fetal period starts when?

Blastocyst

Fluid collects b/w blastomeres of morula forming a fluid-filled cyst with a clump of cells at one end. This gestational structure is called what?

Choriocarcinoma

High metastatic trophoblastic tumor -mets to lungs, spleen, kidneys, intestines, liver, and brain

LONGITUDINAL

Measurement of the endometrium is most accurate when taken in this scan plane.

ampulla

Most common location for an ectopic pregnancy?

interstitial

Most dangerous location for an ectopic pregnancy?

8 weeks

Most pregnancy failures occur by how many weeks?

ductus venosus

Near portal vein. Allows some blood to bypass the liver.

120-160 bpm

Normal heart rate for a fetus?

TUBES

Peristalsis in these structures help move fertilized ovum to the uterine cavity.

8MM

Postmenopausal endometrium thickness is considered abnormal for a woman taking HRT when it measures greater than:

Chorioadenoma destruens

Recurrence of trophoblastic neoplasia w/ invasion into the myometrium.

dolichocephaly

Refers to an elongated oval shaped head

10-20 ccs

The average ovarian volume during the menarchal years.

L x W x AP x 0.523

The equation for ovarian volume.

30 minutes

The fetal bladder fill and empties how often?

Embryo, yolk sac, amnion

The inner cell mass becomes what?

gastrulation

The process of converting the bilaminar embryonic disk into a trilamniar disk. -complete by beginning of week 5.

LUTEAL

The secretory phase of the endometrial cycle corresponds to which phase of the ovarian cycle?

INTERNAL ILIAC

The uterine artery originates from this artery.

BROAD

These ligaments provide support from the lateral aspects of the uterus to the lateral pelvic side walls.

Chorion frondosum

This attaches to the endo and will become the fetal side of the placenta?

Chorion laeve

This is the portion of the chorion that is not involved in implantation.

MYOMETRIUM

This layer forms the bulk of the uterus.

MULLERIAN DUCT

Uterine didelphys and bicornuate uterus result from congenital malformations due to the incomplete fusion or agenesis of this duct.

>80 bpm

Very early gestation heart rates can be slower but should always be greater than?

zona pellucida

What forms around the conceptus to prevent other sperm from penetrating?

Frank breech

What is most common type of breech position; where hips are flexed and knees are extended?

rhabdomyoma

What is the most common fetal cardiac tumor?

ANTEVERTED

What is the most common position of the uterus?

SPACE OF RETZIUS

What is the name of the space that separates the anterior bladder wall from the pubic symphasis and is typically filled with extraperitoneal fat?

LH

What stimulated ovulation and causes ruptured follicle to form into corpus luteum?

ESTROGEN

What stimulates endometrium repair?

FSH

What stimulates follicle growth?

12 weesk

When does the corpus luteum resolve?

SPIRAL

Which of the following arteries feed the functional layer of the endometrium?

DES

Women in the 1940s to 1970s took this drug to reduce the risk for spontanoues abortions.

8mm, 16mm

YS must be seen when MSD measures greater than ___ endovag or greater than ___ transabd.

chorion

comprised of trophoblastic cell, this is the outer membrane surrounding the GS?

brachycephaly

refers to a more rounded shaped head

vitelline duct

the ys is connected to the embryonic midgut by what?

decidua capsularis

this is the layer of endo that heals over the implanted GS.

decidua basalis

this is the maternal portion of the placenta attachment.

allantois

this is the portion of the yolk sac incorporated into the umbilical cord.

Decidua vera

this is the term for endo not in direct contact with the GS.

chorionic villi

what are the functional units of the placenta?

hyperechoic relative to the surrounding structures, measuring 4 - 8mm

In the early proliferative phase, the endometrium appears: Answers: thin and bright hyperechoic relative to the surrounding structures, measuring 4 - 8mm hypoechoic relative to the bright, echogenic basal layer multi-layered, measuring between 6 and 10mm.

blastomeres

Individuals cells are called?