OB/GYN BOARDS REVIEW
yolk sac functions
-transfer of nutrients -hematopoiesis -angiogenesis -formation of digestive tract
ectopic pregnacy classic triad
1. abnormal vaginal bleeding 2. palp anexal mass 3. pelvic pain
14-16 weeks
Amniotic membrane fuses with the chorion by when?
foramen ovale
An opening b/w the right and left atria. Allows some blood to bypass the right vent.
Ductus arteriosus
B/w aorta and pulmonary artery. Allows some blood to enter the aorta instead of the lungs.
Ebstein anomaly
Displaced tricuspid valve causing an enlarged right atrium.
16mm, 25mm
Embryo must be identified when MSD is greater than __ endovag, or ___ transabd.
hypotelorism
Eyes too close together?
hypertelorism
Eyes too far apart?
11 weeks
Fetal period starts when?
Blastocyst
Fluid collects b/w blastomeres of morula forming a fluid-filled cyst with a clump of cells at one end. This gestational structure is called what?
Choriocarcinoma
High metastatic trophoblastic tumor -mets to lungs, spleen, kidneys, intestines, liver, and brain
LONGITUDINAL
Measurement of the endometrium is most accurate when taken in this scan plane.
ampulla
Most common location for an ectopic pregnancy?
interstitial
Most dangerous location for an ectopic pregnancy?
8 weeks
Most pregnancy failures occur by how many weeks?
ductus venosus
Near portal vein. Allows some blood to bypass the liver.
120-160 bpm
Normal heart rate for a fetus?
TUBES
Peristalsis in these structures help move fertilized ovum to the uterine cavity.
8MM
Postmenopausal endometrium thickness is considered abnormal for a woman taking HRT when it measures greater than:
Chorioadenoma destruens
Recurrence of trophoblastic neoplasia w/ invasion into the myometrium.
dolichocephaly
Refers to an elongated oval shaped head
10-20 ccs
The average ovarian volume during the menarchal years.
L x W x AP x 0.523
The equation for ovarian volume.
30 minutes
The fetal bladder fill and empties how often?
Embryo, yolk sac, amnion
The inner cell mass becomes what?
gastrulation
The process of converting the bilaminar embryonic disk into a trilamniar disk. -complete by beginning of week 5.
LUTEAL
The secretory phase of the endometrial cycle corresponds to which phase of the ovarian cycle?
INTERNAL ILIAC
The uterine artery originates from this artery.
BROAD
These ligaments provide support from the lateral aspects of the uterus to the lateral pelvic side walls.
Chorion frondosum
This attaches to the endo and will become the fetal side of the placenta?
Chorion laeve
This is the portion of the chorion that is not involved in implantation.
MYOMETRIUM
This layer forms the bulk of the uterus.
MULLERIAN DUCT
Uterine didelphys and bicornuate uterus result from congenital malformations due to the incomplete fusion or agenesis of this duct.
>80 bpm
Very early gestation heart rates can be slower but should always be greater than?
zona pellucida
What forms around the conceptus to prevent other sperm from penetrating?
Frank breech
What is most common type of breech position; where hips are flexed and knees are extended?
rhabdomyoma
What is the most common fetal cardiac tumor?
ANTEVERTED
What is the most common position of the uterus?
SPACE OF RETZIUS
What is the name of the space that separates the anterior bladder wall from the pubic symphasis and is typically filled with extraperitoneal fat?
LH
What stimulated ovulation and causes ruptured follicle to form into corpus luteum?
ESTROGEN
What stimulates endometrium repair?
FSH
What stimulates follicle growth?
12 weesk
When does the corpus luteum resolve?
SPIRAL
Which of the following arteries feed the functional layer of the endometrium?
DES
Women in the 1940s to 1970s took this drug to reduce the risk for spontanoues abortions.
8mm, 16mm
YS must be seen when MSD measures greater than ___ endovag or greater than ___ transabd.
chorion
comprised of trophoblastic cell, this is the outer membrane surrounding the GS?
brachycephaly
refers to a more rounded shaped head
vitelline duct
the ys is connected to the embryonic midgut by what?
decidua capsularis
this is the layer of endo that heals over the implanted GS.
decidua basalis
this is the maternal portion of the placenta attachment.
allantois
this is the portion of the yolk sac incorporated into the umbilical cord.
Decidua vera
this is the term for endo not in direct contact with the GS.
chorionic villi
what are the functional units of the placenta?
hyperechoic relative to the surrounding structures, measuring 4 - 8mm
In the early proliferative phase, the endometrium appears: Answers: thin and bright hyperechoic relative to the surrounding structures, measuring 4 - 8mm hypoechoic relative to the bright, echogenic basal layer multi-layered, measuring between 6 and 10mm.
blastomeres
Individuals cells are called?
