OBGYN Midterm Review Quiz ?'s
What is the most common benign vaginal neoplasm in the pediatric population?
Gartner cyst
What is the most common hormonal disorder among women of reproductive age?
PCOS
What best describes a uterus that has 2 separate endometrial canals but a single cervix?
bicornuate uterus
What is the initial source of progesterone & estrogen if fertilization occurs?
corpus luteum
What is the most common gynecologic malignancy in the US?
endometrial carcinoma
How would you describe the echotexture of the normal uterus?
homogeneous
What is false regarding the differentiation in appearance of a leiomyosarcoma & a leiomyoma?
only leiomyosarcomas will be singular
During the ______ phase of the menstrual cycle, the endometrium is at its thickest.
secretory
______ ______ is the most common uterine congenital anomaly.
septate uterus
Which imaging modality is often needed to determine uterine anomalies?
MRI
What parts of the female pelvis define the vesicouterine space?
anterior surface of uterus & posterior surface of bladder
A patient presents with mittelschmerz. Sonography demonstrated a small amount of free fluid in the right adnexa. What is the most likely cause?
ovulation
What structures make up the posterior boundary of the pelvic cavity?
sacrum & coccyx
Which of the following terms describes a straight uterus that tilts forward in the body forming a 90 degree angle with the vagina?
anteverted
What is the definition of primary amenorrhea?
Menarche has not occured by age 16 in a female patient
How can the sonographer distinguish a nabothian cyst from a cervical carcinoma?
a cervical carcinoma will demonstrate a solid mass whereas a nabothian cyst will have all the characteristics of a simple cyst
The endometrial cavity is contiguous with which other part of the female pelvis?
fallopian tube lumen
Where is free fluid most likely to collect in the female pelvis?
pouch of douglas
Which imaging modality has proven to be able to distinguish between benign & malignant tumors?
none
What best describes the sonographic appearance of ovarian torsion?
diminished blood flow along with an enlarged, hypoechoic ovary with peripheral follicles
What is the most likely explanation for abnormal uterine bleeding w/ an endometrial measurement of < 5 mm in a postmenopausal patient?
endometrial atrophy
What is the term used to describe the inner layer of the uterine wall?
endometrium
What are the 2 phases of the ovarian cycle?
follicular & luteal
Endovaginal sonography is contraindicated for which patient population?
infants & children
Which malignant ovarian tumor is often associated with pseudomyxoma peritonei?
mucinous cystadenocarcinoma
What normal anatomic variant may be demonstrated on a pelvic sonogram?
pelvic kidney
______ is defined as the onset of puberty in girls before 8 years old.
precocious puberty
Which arteries in the uterus feed the functional layer of the endometrium?
radial/spiral arteries
A sonogram of a postpubertal woman demonstrated a 5 cm simple cyst on the left ovary. A follow-up exam 3 months later demonstrates a normal ovary. What do these findings likely represent?
resolution of a follicular retention cyst
What is a transitional cell tumor that often resembles a uterine fibroid?
Brenner tumor
What are the 4 major divisions of the uterus?
Fundus, corpus, isthmus, & cervix
If a patient presents with free fluid in the pelvic spaces, where else should the sonographer interrogate?
Morison pouch
What is the term used to describe the normal location of the ovaries?
adnexa
Which of the following best describes a thick-walled cystic mass with internal echoes that was demonstrated on day 20 of the menstrual cycle & resolved by day 5 of the following cycle?
corpus luteum
What is the most common benign ovarian tumor that results from the retention of an unfertilized ovum?
dermoid
Which ovarian tumor presents with elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) & precocious puberty if it presents in a child?
dysgerminoma
This is a precursor for endometrial carcinoma.
endometrial hyperplasia
While scanning a 14 year old transabdominal pelvis, you notice what appears to be a uterus didelphys. What should you do next?
finish scanning the pelvis, then move to the kidneys
What layer of the endometrium is shed every month during menstruation?
functional
A patient presents with amenorrhea, cyclic ABD pain, & an enlarged uterus. Sonography demonstrate hydrometrocolpos. What is the most likely cause
imperforate hymen
Weakness in muscle leads to prolapse of the uterus?
levator ani
This ovarian malignancy most often presents as large multi-loculated cystic masses with papillary projections & material.
mucinous cystadenoma
What is at least one risk factor for developing leiomyosarcoma?
nulliparity, obesity, 50 years or older, hx of pelvic radiation, tamoxifen exposure
Which pathology is most likely to be demonstrated in a 12 year old female patient?
ovarian torsion
What is the path of venous drainage from the right ovary?
ovarian vein to IVC
What is the path of venous drainage from the left ovary?
ovarian vein to left renal vein to IVC
Which part of the female pelvis has a dual blood supply?
ovary
If a patient has menstrual cycles that are 17 days apart, what would you describe this as?
polymenorrhea
An asymptomatic patient presents with bilateral large anechoic lesions that contain septations & papillary projections. What does this most likely represent?
serous cystadenoma
What is the most common malignant ovarian tumor?
serous cystadenoma
A patient presents with an enlarged bulky uterus & menorrhagia. What is the most likely cause?
submucosal leiomyoma
What is true regarding fallopian tubes?
the fallopian tube is usually only identified if there is an obstruction & it is distended with fluid
What is the sonographic appearance of the proliferative endometrium?
three-line-sign
A 66 year old patient presents with ABD pain & vaginal bleeding. While scanning the pelvis, you notice an ill-defined or sausage-shaped solid mass & pelvic ascites. What pathology is present in this patient?
Fallopian tube carcinoma
What ovarian neoplasm is a result of metastases of a GI cancer?
Krukenberg tumor
Fertilization usually occurs in the ______ portion of the fallopian tube.
ampulla