OBGYN Midterm Review Quiz ?'s

What is the most common benign vaginal neoplasm in the pediatric population?

Gartner cyst

What is the most common hormonal disorder among women of reproductive age?

PCOS

What best describes a uterus that has 2 separate endometrial canals but a single cervix?

bicornuate uterus

What is the initial source of progesterone & estrogen if fertilization occurs?

corpus luteum

What is the most common gynecologic malignancy in the US?

endometrial carcinoma

How would you describe the echotexture of the normal uterus?

homogeneous

What is false regarding the differentiation in appearance of a leiomyosarcoma & a leiomyoma?

only leiomyosarcomas will be singular

During the ______ phase of the menstrual cycle, the endometrium is at its thickest.

secretory

______ ______ is the most common uterine congenital anomaly.

septate uterus

Which imaging modality is often needed to determine uterine anomalies?

MRI

What parts of the female pelvis define the vesicouterine space?

anterior surface of uterus & posterior surface of bladder

A patient presents with mittelschmerz. Sonography demonstrated a small amount of free fluid in the right adnexa. What is the most likely cause?

ovulation

What structures make up the posterior boundary of the pelvic cavity?

sacrum & coccyx

Which of the following terms describes a straight uterus that tilts forward in the body forming a 90 degree angle with the vagina?

anteverted

What is the definition of primary amenorrhea?

Menarche has not occured by age 16 in a female patient

How can the sonographer distinguish a nabothian cyst from a cervical carcinoma?

a cervical carcinoma will demonstrate a solid mass whereas a nabothian cyst will have all the characteristics of a simple cyst

The endometrial cavity is contiguous with which other part of the female pelvis?

fallopian tube lumen

Where is free fluid most likely to collect in the female pelvis?

pouch of douglas

Which imaging modality has proven to be able to distinguish between benign & malignant tumors?

none

What best describes the sonographic appearance of ovarian torsion?

diminished blood flow along with an enlarged, hypoechoic ovary with peripheral follicles

What is the most likely explanation for abnormal uterine bleeding w/ an endometrial measurement of < 5 mm in a postmenopausal patient?

endometrial atrophy

What is the term used to describe the inner layer of the uterine wall?

endometrium

What are the 2 phases of the ovarian cycle?

follicular & luteal

Endovaginal sonography is contraindicated for which patient population?

infants & children

Which malignant ovarian tumor is often associated with pseudomyxoma peritonei?

mucinous cystadenocarcinoma

What normal anatomic variant may be demonstrated on a pelvic sonogram?

pelvic kidney

______ is defined as the onset of puberty in girls before 8 years old.

precocious puberty

Which arteries in the uterus feed the functional layer of the endometrium?

radial/spiral arteries

A sonogram of a postpubertal woman demonstrated a 5 cm simple cyst on the left ovary. A follow-up exam 3 months later demonstrates a normal ovary. What do these findings likely represent?

resolution of a follicular retention cyst

What is a transitional cell tumor that often resembles a uterine fibroid?

Brenner tumor

What are the 4 major divisions of the uterus?

Fundus, corpus, isthmus, & cervix

If a patient presents with free fluid in the pelvic spaces, where else should the sonographer interrogate?

Morison pouch

What is the term used to describe the normal location of the ovaries?

adnexa

Which of the following best describes a thick-walled cystic mass with internal echoes that was demonstrated on day 20 of the menstrual cycle & resolved by day 5 of the following cycle?

corpus luteum

What is the most common benign ovarian tumor that results from the retention of an unfertilized ovum?

dermoid

Which ovarian tumor presents with elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) & precocious puberty if it presents in a child?

dysgerminoma

This is a precursor for endometrial carcinoma.

endometrial hyperplasia

While scanning a 14 year old transabdominal pelvis, you notice what appears to be a uterus didelphys. What should you do next?

finish scanning the pelvis, then move to the kidneys

What layer of the endometrium is shed every month during menstruation?

functional

A patient presents with amenorrhea, cyclic ABD pain, & an enlarged uterus. Sonography demonstrate hydrometrocolpos. What is the most likely cause

imperforate hymen

Weakness in muscle leads to prolapse of the uterus?

levator ani

This ovarian malignancy most often presents as large multi-loculated cystic masses with papillary projections & material.

mucinous cystadenoma

What is at least one risk factor for developing leiomyosarcoma?

nulliparity, obesity, 50 years or older, hx of pelvic radiation, tamoxifen exposure

Which pathology is most likely to be demonstrated in a 12 year old female patient?

ovarian torsion

What is the path of venous drainage from the right ovary?

ovarian vein to IVC

What is the path of venous drainage from the left ovary?

ovarian vein to left renal vein to IVC

Which part of the female pelvis has a dual blood supply?

ovary

If a patient has menstrual cycles that are 17 days apart, what would you describe this as?

polymenorrhea

An asymptomatic patient presents with bilateral large anechoic lesions that contain septations & papillary projections. What does this most likely represent?

serous cystadenoma

What is the most common malignant ovarian tumor?

serous cystadenoma

A patient presents with an enlarged bulky uterus & menorrhagia. What is the most likely cause?

submucosal leiomyoma

What is true regarding fallopian tubes?

the fallopian tube is usually only identified if there is an obstruction & it is distended with fluid

What is the sonographic appearance of the proliferative endometrium?

three-line-sign

A 66 year old patient presents with ABD pain & vaginal bleeding. While scanning the pelvis, you notice an ill-defined or sausage-shaped solid mass & pelvic ascites. What pathology is present in this patient?

Fallopian tube carcinoma

What ovarian neoplasm is a result of metastases of a GI cancer?

Krukenberg tumor

Fertilization usually occurs in the ______ portion of the fallopian tube.

ampulla