Obstetrics and Pediatrics
A 5-year-old child experienced partial thickness burns to his head, anterior chest, in both upper extremity's. What percentage of his total body surface area has been burned? A) 0.45 B) 0.54 C) 0.63 D) 0.72
0.45
A 3-year-old boy was found to be in cardiopulmonary arrest. As you begin one rescuer CPR, your partner prepares the.AED. The appropriate compression to ventilation ratio for this child is: A) 3:1 B) 5:1 C) 15:2 D) 30:2
30:2
After an advanced airway device has been inserted in a 6-month-old infant in cardiopulmonary arrest, you should deliver ventilations at a rate of: A) 8 breaths/min. B) 12 breaths/min. C) 10 breaths/min. D) 20 breaths/min.
10 breaths/min
The appropriate technique for performing two-rescuer CPR on a 4-year-old child includes: A) 30 compressions to two ventilations, compressing the chest one-third the depth of the chest, and delivering each breath over one second. B) 15 compressions to 2 ventilations, compressing the sternum with the heel of your hand, and ventilating until visible chest rise occurs. C) 30 compressions to 2 ventilations, compressing the sternum with the heel of both hands, and delivering each breath over 1 to 2 seconds. D) 15 compressions to 2 ventilations, compressing the sternum with your thumbs, and delivering 100 to 120 compressions per minute.
15 compressions to 2 ventilations, compressing the sternum with the heel of your hand, and ventilating until visible chest rise occurs.
The 5-minute Apgar assessment of a newborn reveals a heart rate of 130 beats/min, cyanosis of the hands and feet, and rapid respirations. The infant cries when you flick the soles of his feet and resists attempts to straighten his legs. These findings equate to an Apgar score of: A) 7 B) 8 C) 9 D) 10
9
A sudden onset of respiratory distress in a 5-year-old child with no fever is MOST likely to result in: A) Infection of the lower airways. B) Inflammation of the upper airway. C) A progressive upper airway infection. D) A foreign body airway obstruction.
A foreign body airway obstruction
A 5-year-old child in compensated shock secondary to severe vomiting and diarrhea would be expected to have: A) Slow, shallow respirations. B) Hey slow capillary refill time. C) Strong, bounding radio pulses. D) A weakly palpable carotid pulse.
A slow capillary refill time.
In which of the following situations would the EMT MOST likely deliver a baby at the scene? A) Contractions are 8 to 10 minutes apart in their regular. B) The hospital is 15 miles away and crowning is not present. C) A tornado has struck and blocked the only route to the hospital. D) The amniotic sac has ruptured and contractions occur regularly.
A tornado his truck and blocked the only route to the hospital.
You are caring for a 6-year-old child with a possible fractured arm and have reason to believe that the child was abuse. How did you manage the situation? A) Inform the parents of your suspicions. B) Call the police and have the parents arrested. C) Advise the parents of the child needs to be transported. D) Transport the child the hospital regardless of the parents' wishes.
Advise the parents of the child needs to be transported
During transport of a woman in labor, the patient tells you that she feels the urge to push. You assess her and see the top of the babies head bulging from the vagina. You should: A) Allowed to head to deliver and check for the location of the cord. B) Advise your partner to stop the ambulance and assist with the delivery. C) Ask the mother to take short, quick breaths until you arrive at the hospital. D) Apply gentle pressure to the babies head and notify the hospital immediately.
Advise your partner to stop the ambulance in assist with the delivery.
You are called to a local park for a seven-year-old boy with respiratory distress. During your assessment, you find the patient is wheezing and has widespread hives and facial edema. What should you suspect has occurred? A) Illness B) Allergic reaction C) Acute asthma attack D) Poison oak exposure
Allergic reaction
You and your partner are performing CPR on a 2-year-old female in cardiac arrest. During your resuscitation attempt, you should: A) Hyperventilate her because she is severely hypoxic. B) Allow the chest to fully recoil in between compressions. C) Perform compressions in ventilations at a ratio of 30:2. D) Attach the AED pads after 5 minutes of high-quality CPR.
Allow the chest to fully recoil in between compressions
Which of the following is the most common cause of seizures and children? A) Life-threatening infection B) A temperature greater than 102°F C) an abrupt rise in body temperature D) An inflammatory process in the brain
An abrupt rise in body temperature
When is it MOST appropriate to clamp and cut the umbilical cord? A) As soon as the cord stops pulsating B) After the placenta has completely delivered C) Before the newborn has taken its first breath D) Immediately following delivery of the newborn
As soon as the cord stops pulsating
A three-year-old female presents with respiratory distress. She is conscious, crying, and clinging to her mother. She has mild intercostal retractions and an oxygen saturation of 92%. The MOST effective way of delivering oxygen to her involves: A) gently restraining her and assisting her ventilations. B) Asking the mother to hold an oxygen mask near her face. C) A nasal cannula with the flow rate set to at least 6 L/min D) Ventilations with a manually-triggered ventilation device.
Asking the mother to hold an oxygen mask near her
When you begin to assess a woman in labor, she states that her contractions are occurring every 4 to 5 minutes and lasting approximately 30 seconds each. Which of the following questions would be MOST appropriate to ask next? A) How's your bag of waters broken yet? B) Have you had regular prenatal care? C) At how many weeks' gestation are you? D) How many other children do you have?
At how many weeks gestation are you?
Your assessment of a newborn reveals cyanosis to the chest and face and a heart rate of 90 beats/min. What should you do first? A) Resuction the mouth. B) Briskly dry off the infant. C) Begin chess compressions. D) Begin artificial ventilations.
Begin artificial ventilations.
Which artery should you palpate when assessing for a pulse in an unresponsive 6-month old patient? A) Radial B) Carotid C) Femoral D) Brachial
Brachial
Which of the following injuries is MOST indicative of child abuse? A) Small lacerations to the chin B) Burned hand with splash marks C) Bruising to the upper back D) Multiple bruises to the shins
Bruising to the upper back
Which of the following assessment parameters is a more pliable indicator of perfusion in infants than adults? A) Pulse quality B) Capillary refill C) Blood pressure D) Level of orientation
Capillary refill
Which of the following is a more reliable indicator of perfusion in children than it is an adults? A) heart rate B) Capillary refill C) Blood pressure D) Respiratory rate
Capillary refill
A 4-year-old boy with a tracheostomy tube is experiencing respiratory distress. He has intercostal retractions, a heart rate of 80 beats/min, and an oxygen saturation of 85%. During his attempts to breathe, a gurgling sound is heard in a tracheostomy tube. You should: A) Ventilate through the tracheostomy tube. B) Carefully suction the tracheostomy tube. C) Remove the tracheostomy tube and clean it. D) Place an oxygen mask over the tracheostomy tube.
Carefully suction a tracheostomy tube.
Which of the following statements regarding two-rescuer child CPR is correct? A) The chest should not be allowed to fully recoil in between compressions, as this may impair venous return. B) Compress the chest with one or two hands to a death that is equal to one-third the diameter of the chest. C) The chest should be compressed with one hand and a compression to ventilation ratio of 30:2 should be delivered. D) The compression to ventilation ratio of 15:2 should be delivered without pauses in compressions to deliver ventilations.
Compress the chest with one or two hands to a depth that is equal to one-third the diameter of the chest
Is 7-year-old child has an altered mental status, high fever, and a generalized rash. You perform your assessment and administer supplemental oxygen. En route to the hospital, you should be MOST alert for: A) hypotension. B) Convulsions. C) Combativeness. D) Respiratory distress.
Convulsions.
During your assessment of a woman in labor, you see the babies arm protruding from the vagina. The mother tells you that she needs to push. You should: A) Gently push the protruding arm back into the vagina. B) Encourage the mother to push and give her high-flow oxygen. C) Cover the arm with a sterile towel and transport immediately. D) Insert your finger gloves into the vagina and try to turn the baby.
Cover the arm with a sterile towel and transport immediately.
Of the following, the MOST detrimental effect of gastric distention in infants and children is: A) Tracheal rupture. B) Decreased ventilatory volume. C) Acute rupture of the diaphragm. D) Less effective chest compressions.
Decreased ventilatory volume.
Which of the following is a sign of an altered mental status in a small child? A) Recognition of the parents B) Fear of the EMTs presence C) Inattention to the EMTs presence D) Consistent eye contact with the EMT
Inattention to the EMT's presence.
In contrast to the contractions associated with true labor, Braxton-Hicks contractions: A) consistently become stronger and are not alleviated by changing position. B) may be intensified by activity and are accompanied by a pink discharge. C) do not increase in intensity and are alleviated by a change in position. D) generally follow rupture of the amniotic sac and occur with regularity.
Do not increase in intensity and are alleviated by a change in position.
The MOST effective way to prevent cardio pulmonary arrest any newborn is to go in: A) Give blow-by oxygen as soon as it is born. B) Suction its mouth and nose every three minutes. C) Ensure effective oxygenation and ventilation. D) Perform an APGAR assessment every 5 minutes.
Ensure effective oxygenation and ventilation.
Which of the following signs as MOST indicative of inadequate breathing in an infant? A) Sunken fontanelles B) Abdominal breathing C) Expiratory grunting D) Heart rate of 130 beats/min
Expiratory grunting
A 3-year-old child has a sudden onset of respiratory distress. The mother denies any recent illness or fever. You should suspect: A) croup. B) Epiglottitis. C) Lower respiratory infection. D) foreign body airway obstruction.
Foreign body airway obstruction.
Which of the following statements regarding crowning is correct? A) Crowning represents the end of the second stage of labor. B) Gentle pressure should be applied to the babies head during crowning. C) It is safe to transport the patient during crowning if the hospital is close. D) Crowning always occurs immediately after the amniotic sac has ruptured.
Gentle pressure should be applied to the baby's head during crowning.
You are assessing a 26-year-old woman who is 38 weeks pregnant and is in labor. She tells you that she was pregnant once before, but had a miscarriage at 19 weeks. You should document her obstetric history as: A) gravida 2, para 0. B) gravida 1, para 2 C) gravida 0, para 2. D) gravida 2, para 1.
Gravida 2, para 0
You receive a call for a 3-year-old girl with respiratory distress. When you enter her residence, you see the mother holding the child, who does not acknowledge your presence. This finding indicates to the child: A) Has severe hypoxia. B) Probably is sleeping. C) Is afraid of your presence. D) Is reacting normally for her age.
Has severe hypoxia.
You are responding to a call for a 2-year-old child who fell from the second/story window. With the mechanism of injury and the age of the patient in mind, your should suspect that the primary injury occurred to the child: A) Head. B) chest. C) Abdomen. D) Lower extremities.
Head.
Which of the following is an abnormal finding? A) Heart rate of 80 beats/min in a 3-month-old infant B) Rapid, irregular breathing in a newly born infant C) Systolic blood pressure of 100 mm Hg in a 10 year old child D) Respiratory rate of 26 breaths/minin a 2-year-old child
Heart rate of 80 beats/min in a 3-month-old infant
You are assessing a five-year-old boy with major trauma. His blood pressure is 70/40 mm Hg and his pulse rate is 140 beats/min and weak. The child's blood pressure. A) Indicates decompensated shock. B) Reflect adequate compensation. C) Is appropriate based on his age. D) Suggest increased intracranial pressure.
Indicates decompensated shock.
Upon assessing a newborn immediately after delivery, you note that the infant is breathing spontaneously and has a heart rate of 80 beats/min. What is the most appropriate initial management for this newborn? A) Initiate positive pressure ventilation's. B) Provide blow-by oxygen with oxygen tubing. C) Assess the newborn's skin condition and color. D) Start chest compressions in contact medical control.
Initiate positive-pressure ventilations.
A newborn is considered to be premature if it: A) is born before 37 weeks gestation. B) weighs less than 6.5 pounds. C) is born to a heroin-addicted mother. D) has meconium in or around its mouth.
Is born before 37 weeks gestation period
If a woman is having her first child, the first stage of labor: A) is usually the longest and lasts an average of 16 hours. B) generally does not allow time for you to transport. C) is shorter than in women who have had other children. D) is typically very short and only lasts about 2 hours.
Is usually the longest in last an average of 16 hours.
You have just delivered a baby girl. Your assessment of the newborn reveals that she has a patent airway, his breathing adequately, and has a heart rate of 130 beats/min. Her face and trunk are pink, but her hands and feet or cyanotic. You have clamped and cut the umbilical cord, but the placenta has not yet delivered. You should: A) Massage the lower part of the mothers uterus until the placenta delivers. B) Give the newborn high-flow oxygen via non-rebreather mask and transport. C) Reassess the newborn every five minutes and transport after the placenta delivers. D) Keep the newborn warm, give oxygen to the mother if needed, and transport.
Keep the newborn warm, give oxygen to the mother if needed, and transport.
You are treating a 5-year-old child who has had severe diarrhea and vomiting for three days and is now showing signs of shock. Supplemental oxygen has been given and you have elevated his lower extremities. En route to the hospital, you note that his work of breathing has increased. You should: A) Lower the extremities and reassess the child. B) Begin positive-pressure ventilation and reassess the child. C) Insert a nasopharyngeal airway and increase the oxygen flow. D) listen to the lungs with the stethoscope for abnormal breathing sounds.
Lower the extremities and reassess the child.
Upon delivery of the baby's head, you note that the umbilical cord was wrapped around its neck. You should: A) Keep the cord warm and moist and transport without delay. B) Immediately clam and cut the cord and continue to delivery. C) Give the mother high-flow oxygen in transport and her left side. D) Make one attempt to gently remove the cord from around its neck.
Make one attempt to gently remove the cord from around its neck.
A woman who is 39 weeks pregnant is unresponsive, apnea, and pulseless. When treating her, the EMT should: A) Manually displace her uterus to the left. B) Ventilate her at 20 breaths/min. C) Ensure that she is positioned on her left side. D) Delayed the defibrillation until the ALS is at the scene.
Manually displace her uterus to the left
A 3-year-old child experienced a seizure that lasted about 10 minutes. He has a fever of 103.5°F, his skin is hot to the touch, and he has a rash on his truck. The EMT should suspect: A) Epilepsy. B) Meningitis. C) And intracranial bleed. D) An allergic reaction.
Meningitis.
Which of the following signs or symptoms is/are more common in children than adults following isolated head injury? A) Nausea and vomiting B) Altered mental status C) Tachycardia and diaphoresis D) Changes in pupillary reaction
Nausea and vomiting
A 4-year-old girl fell from a third story window and landed on her head. She has semiconscious with slow, irregular breathing and is bleeding from her mouth and nose. You should: A) Open her airway with the jaw-thrust maneuver will manually stabilizing her head, suction her oropharynx, and a sister violations. B) Open her airway by carefully tilting her head back, suction her oropharynx, and administer high-flow oxygen via non-rebreather mask. C) Manually stabilize her head, open her airway with the jaw-thrust maneuver, insert a nasopharyngeal airway, and suction her oropharynx. D) Suction her oropharynx, open her airway with the jaw-thrust maneuver, insert an oropharyngeal airway, and assist ventilations.
Open her airway with the jaw-thrust maneuver one manually stabilizing her head, suction her oropharynx, and assist her ventilations.
You arrive at the scene shortly after a 3-year-old female experienced a seizure. The child, who is being held by her mother, is conscious and crying. The mother tells you that her daughter has been ill recently and has a temperature of 102.5°F. What is the MOST appropriate treatment for this child? A) Oxygen via non-rebreather mask, place the child in a tub of cold water to lower her body temperature, and transport. B) Oxygen via the blow-by technique, remove clothing to help reduce her fever, and transport with continuous monitoring. C) Oxygen via non-rebreather mask, avoid any measures to lower the child body temperature, and transport at once. D) Oxygen via the blow-by technique, transport, and request a paramedic intercept sign anti-convulsant drug can be given.
Oxygen via the blow-by technique, remove clothing to help reduce her fever, and transport with continuous monitoring
Hey 6-year-old boy complains of pain to the right lower quadrant of his abdomen. Assessment of this child's abdomen should include: A) Avoiding palpation of the abdomen. B) Palpating the left upper quadrant first. C) Auscultating bowel sounds for two minutes. D) Palpating the right lower quadrant first.
Palpating the left upper quadrant first.
A 5-year-old boy was struck by a car when he ran out into the street. When you arrive at the scene and approach the child, you see him lying supine approximately 15 feet from the car. Based on the child's age and mechanism of injury which of the following should you suspect to be his PRIMARY injury? A) Head injury B) Pelvic injury C) Lower leg injury D) Upper thorax injury
Pelvic injury
To maintain neutral alignment of an 18-month-old child's airway, you should: A) Hyperextend the head. B) Place a rolled towel behind the head. C) Ensure that the head is slightly flexed. D) Please padding in between the shoulder blades.
Place padding in between the shoulder blades.
A 29-year-old woman, who is 38 weeks pregnant, presents with heavy vaginal bleeding, a blood pressure of 70/50 mm Hg, and a heart rate of 130 beats/min. She is pale and diaphoretic, and denies abdominal cramping or pain. Her signs and symptoms are MOST consistent with: A) placenta previa. B) Abruptio placenta. C) Ruptured ovarian cyst. D) Ruptured ectopic pregnancy.
Placenta previa.
You should assist with the delivery of the baby's head by: A) Carefully rotating its head to where it is facing up when it delivers. B) Placing the palm of your hand firmly against the back of the babies skull. C) Grasping each side of the babies head and gently pulling it to facilitate delivery. D) Placing your fingers I am the bony part of the skull in applying gentle pressure.
Placing your fingers and the funny part of the skull in the plane gentle pressure
Appropriate treatment for an 18-year-old woman with severe vaginal bleeding may include all the following, EXCEPT: A) High concentration of oxygen. B) Keeping her warm with blankets. C) Placing sterile dressings into the vagina. D) Covering the vagina with the trauma dressing.
Please sterile dressings into the vagina.
Your assessment of a mother in labor reveals that a fetal limb is protruding from the vagina. Management of the situation should include: A) Positioning the mother in semi-Fowler's position, administering oxygen, and providing transport. B) Position in the mother with her hips elevated, administering high-flow oxygen, and providing transport. C) Applying gentle traction to the protruding limb to remove pressure of the fetus from the umbilical cord. D) Giving the mother 100% oxygen and attempting to manipulate the protruding limb so that delivery can occur.
Positioning the mother with her hips elevated, administering high-flow oxygen, and providing transport.
Your assessment of a 5-year-old child reveals that he is unresponsive with a respiratory rate of 8 breaths/min and a heart rate of 150 beats/min. Treatment for this child should include: A) High flow-oxygen via non-rebreather mask and rapid transport. B) Oxygen via nasal cannula at 6 L/min and rapid transport. C) Positive-pressure ventilation, chest compressions, and rapid transport. D) Back slaps and chest thrusts well attempting artificial violations.
Positive-pressure ventilation, just compressions, and rapid transport.
After the baby's head delivers, it is usually tilted: A) With the face up. B) Posteriorly, face down. C) Posteriorly, to one side. D) Anteriorly, with the chin up.
Posteriorly, to one side.
A 30-year-old woman is 22 weeks pregnant with her first child. She tells you that her rings are not fitting is loosely as they usually do and that her ankles are swollen. Her blood pressure is 150/86 mm Hg. She is most likely experiencing: A) preeclampsia. B) Gestational diabetes. C) A hypertensive emergency. D) A condition on related to pregnancy.
Preeclampsia
Which of the following would MOST likely occur in conjunction with a breech presentation? A) Vertex presentation B) Prolapsed umbilical cord C) Maternal hypertension D) Premature rupture of the amniotic sac
Prolapsed umbilical cord
While performing a visual inspection of a 30-year-old woman in labor, you can see the umbilical cord at the vagina opening. After providing high flow oxygen, you should: A) Massage the uterus to facilitate delivery of the fetus. B) Relieve pressure from the cord with your gloved fingers. C) Place the mother at her left side and provide transport. D) Elevate the mothers lower extremities and provide rapid transport.
Relieve pressure from the cord with your gloved fingers.
A nine-year-old girl was struck by a car while she was crossing the street. Your assessment reveals a large contusion over the left upper quadrant of her abdomen and signs of shock. Which of the following organs has MOST likely been injured? A) Liver B) Kidney C) Spleen D) Pancreas
Spleen
You are dispatched to a residence for a child having a seizure. When you arrive at the scene, the 4 year-old-child's grandfather tells you that he has had several full body seizures over the past 20 minutes, but never woke up in between the seizures. The child skin is hot and flushed. This is most indicative of: A) A febrile seizure. B) A focal motor seizure. C) An absence seizure. D) Status epilepticus
Status epilepticus
Which position is MOST appropriate for a mother in labor with a prolapsed umbilical cord? A) Left lateral recumbent B) Left side with legs elevated C) Supine with hips elevated D) Supine with legs elevated
Supine with hips elevated
Which of the following statements regarding pediatric anatomy is correct? A) A child trachea is more rigid and less prone to collapse. B) The occiput is proportionately larger when compared to an adult. C) Relative to the overall size of the airway, child epiglottis is smaller. D) Airway obstruction is common in children because of their large uvula.
The occiput is proportionately larger one compared to an adult.
A 6-year-old boy presents with a high fever, headache, and a stiff neck. He is conscious, but is not acting as a normal 6-year-old boys should. His mother told you that he vomited once before your arrival. You should be MOST concerned with: A) Potential for a febrile seizure. B) Treating him for severe dehydration. C) The risk of permanent neurologic damage. D) Performing a secondary assessment at the scene.
The risk of permanent neurologic damage.
Which of the following statements regarding the length-based resuscitation tape measure is correct? A) It is not a reliable tool in children who are younger than 5 years of age. B) The tape measure can be used in children who weigh up to 75 pounds. C) The resuscitation tape estimates a child age based on his or her height. D) The red end of the tape measure is placed at the heel of the child's foot.
The tape measure can be used in children who weigh up to 75 pounds.
Which of the following techniques represents the MOST appropriate method of opening the airway of an infant with no suspected neck injuries? A) Lift up the chin and hyperextend the neck. B) Tilt the head back without hyperextending the neck. C) Gently lift the chin while maintaining slight flexion of the neck. D) Perform the technique as you would for an older child or adult.
Tilt the head back without hyperextending the neck.
A child typically begins to develop stranger anxiety when he or she is a/an: A) Infant.. B) Neonate. C) Toddler. D) Preschooler.
Toddler.
Following delivery, the 21-year-old mother is experiencing mild vaginal bleeding. Do you note that her heart rate has increased from 90 to 120 beats/min and she was diaphoretic. In addition to administering high flow oxygen, treatment should include: A) Uterine massage five minutes, and then transport. B) Placing her in the left-lateral recumbent position and transport. C) Treating for shock and performing uterine massage during transport. D) Placing sterile pads into her vagina and treating for shock during transport.
Treating for shock and performing uterine massage during transport.
Upon delivery of a baby's head, you see that the umbilical cord is wrapped around its neck. Initial treatment for this condition should include: A) Clamping and cutting the umbilical cord. B) Gently pulling on the cord to facilitate removal. C) Trying to remove the cord from around the neck. D) Keeping the cord moist and providing rapid transport.
Trying to remove the cord from around the neck.
After drying, warming, and suctioning a newborn's mouth and nose, assessment reveals central cyanosis, a weak cry, and a heart rate of 60 beats/min. The EMTs should: A) Clam and cut the umbilical cord in transport at once. B) Begin chest compressions and reassess after 30 seconds. C) Resuction the mouth and nose and reassess the heart rate. D) Ventilate with a bag-valve-mask at 40 to 60 breaths/min.
Ventilate with a bag-valve-mask at 40 to 60 breaths/min.
Following delivery of a newborn and placenta, you note that the mother has moderate vaginal bleeding. The mother is conscious and alert, and her vital signs are stable. Treatment for her should include: A) Massaging the uterus if signs of shock develop. B) Administering oxygen in massaging the uterus. C) Carefully packaging the vagina with sterile dressings. D) Treating her for shock and providing rapid transport.
administering oxygen and massaging the uterus
A 30-year-old woman has severe lower abdominal pain and light vaginal bleeding. She tells you that her last menstrual period was 2 months ago. On the basis of these findings, you should suspect: A) A normal pregnancy. B) An ectopic pregnancy. C) A spontaneous abortion. D) A ruptured ovarian cyst.
an ectopic pregnancy
You are dispatched to a residence for a 4-year-old female who is sick. Your assessment reveals that she has increased work of breathing and is making a high-pitched sound during Inhalation. Her mother tells you that she has been running a high fever for the past 24 hours. Your MOST immediate concern should be: A) Preparing to treat her for a febrile seizure. B) Taking her temperature to see how high it is. C) Assessing the need for ventilation assistance. D) Determining if a child has a History of croup.
assessing the need for ventilation assistance.
A prolapsed umbilical cord is dangerous because the: A) cord might pull the placenta from the uterine wall during delivery. B) baby's head may compress the cord, cutting off its supply of oxygen. C) mother may die of hypoxia due to compromised placental blood flow. D) cord may be wrapped around the baby's neck, causing strangulation
baby's head may compress the cord, cutting off its supply of oxygen.
Following the initial steps of resuscitation, a newborn remains apneic and cyanotic. You should: A) start CPR if the heart rate is less than 80 beats/min. B) immediately resuction its mouth and nose. C) gently flick the soles of its feet for up to 60 seconds. D) begin ventilations with a bag-mask device.
begin ventilations with a bag-valve mask.
You and your partner are performing CPR on an infant with suspected sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). An important aspect in dealing with such cases is: A) Carefully inspecting the environment in which the infant was found. B) Discouraging the presence of the parents during your resuscitation attempt. C) Remembering that most infants with SIDS can be successfully resuscitated. D) Focusing all of your attention and the infant, with a little parental interaction.
carefully inspecting the environment in which the infant was found.
The MOST important initial steps of assessing and managing a newborn include: A) Suctioning the airway and obtaining a heart rate. B) Clearing the airway and keeping the infant warm. C) Keeping the infant warm and counting respirations. D) Drying and warming the infant and obtaining an Apgar score.
clearing the airway and keeping the infant warm
A 4-year-old boy Ingested an unknown quantity of drain cleaner. He is alert, has a patent airway, and has adequate breathing. You should: A) Administer 1 g/kg of activated charcoal. B) Give oxygen and perform a head-to-toe exam. C) Contact Poison Control and give him oxygen. D) Give 15 mL of syrup of epicac in contact Medical control.
contact poison control and give him oxygen.
Which of the following is the most common cause of shock in infants and children? A) Dehydration B) Cardiac failure C) Accidental poisoning D) Severe allergic reaction
dehydration
The preferred method for inserting an oropharyngeal airway in a small child is to: A) Insert the airway with the curvature toward the roof of the mouth and then rotate it 180 degrees. B) Depress the tongue with a tongue blade and insert the airway with the downward curve facing the tongue. C) Open the airway with the tongue-jaw lift maneuver and insert the airway until you meet slight resistance. D) Insert the airway as you would in an adult, but use an airway that is one size smaller than you would normally use.
depress the tongue with a tongue blade and insert the airway with the downward curve facing the tongue
When assessing a 30-year-old female who was sexually assaulted it is MOST important for you to: A) Have a female EMT perform the assessment. B) Ensure that all life-threatening injuries are treated. C) Recognize that the patient is a walking crime scene. D) Discourage her from showering or changing her clothes.
ensure that all life-threatening injuries are treated.
Prevention of cardiac arrest in infants and small children should focus primarily on A) keeping the child warm B) avoiding upsetting the child C) providing immediate transport D) providing airway management
ensuring adequate ventilation
General guidelines when assessing a 2-year-old child with abdominal pain and adequate perfusion include: A) Examining the child and the parent's arms. B) Palpating the painful area of the abdominal first. C) Placing the child supine in palpating the abdomen. D) Separating the child from the parent to ensure a reliable examination.
examining the child in the parent's arms.
The purpose of the pediatric assessment triangle is to: A) Identify if the child has a medical condition or Trumatic injury. B) Detect immediate life threats through a quick hands-on assessment. C) Determine whether or not the child requires a hands-on assessment. D) For my general impression of the child without touching him or her.
form a general impression of the child without touching him or her.
The function of the uterus is to: A) house the fetus as it grows for 40 weeks. B) provide oxygen and other nutrients to the fetus. C) dilate and expel the baby from the cervix. D) provide a cushion and protect the fetus from infection.
house the fetus as it grows for 40 weeks.
After attaching the AED to a 7-year-old child in cardiac arrest, you push the analyze button and receive a shock advised message. After delivering the shock, you should: A) Assess for carotid pulse. B) Immediately perform CPR. C) Reanalyze the cardiac rhythm. D) Open the airway in ventilate.
immediately perform CPR
Supplemental oxygen via the blow-by technique is MOST appropriate for a child who presents with respiratory difficulty and: A) Is agitated, tachycardic, and clinging to his parent. B) His breathing with a significant reduction in tidal volume. C) Has facial cyanosis in the decreased level of consciousness. D) Has a heart rate of 70 beats/min and signs of physical exhaustion.
is agitated, tachycardic, and clinging to his or her parent
After clearing the airway of a newborn who is not in distress, it is most important for you to A) apply free-flow oxygen B) clamp and cut the chord C) keep the newborn warm. D) obtain an APGAR score.
keep the newborn warm.
Following an apparent febrile seizure, 4-year-old boy is alert and crying. His skin is hot and moist. Appropriate treatment this child includes: A) Rapidly cooling the child in cold water. B) Allowing the parents to transport the child. C) Offering oxygen and providing transport. D) Keeping the child warm and providing transport.
offering oxygen and providing transport
A 34-year old woman, who is 36 weeks pregnant, is having a seizure. After you protect her airway and ensure adequate ventilation, you should transport her A) on her left side. B.) in the prone position C) in the supine position D) in a semi-sitting position
on her left side.
You arrive at a residence shortly after a 4-year-old boy experienced an apparent febrile seizure. The child is alert and crying. His skin is flushed, hot, and moist. His mother tells you that the seizure lasted about 2 minutes. You should: A) Begin rapid cooling measures at once. B) Give him acetaminophen or ibuprofen. C) Provide supportive care and transport. D) Allow the mother to take her child to the doctor.
provide supportive care and transport.
You should suspect physical abuse of a 4-year-old child if you observe: A) Bruises do the anterior tibial area. B) Curious siblings who are watching you. C) Purple and yellow bruises to the thighs. D) That the child clings to his or her parent.
purple and yellow bruises to the thighs
Management for a woman who presents with a prolapsed umbilical cord includes all of the following, EXCEPT: A) Lifting the baby's head off of the umbilical cord. B) Ensuring that the court stays moist during transport. C) Placing the mother in a position that elevates her hips. D) Relieving pressure off of the cord by gently pulling on it.
relieving pressure off of the cord by gently pulling on it.
Immediately upon delivery of a newborn's head, you should first A) dry the face B) cover the eyes C) suction the nose D) suction the mouth
suction the mouth
Treatment for responsive 4-year-old child with a mild airway obstruction, who has a respiratory distress, a strong cough, and normal skin color, includes: A) Oxygen, back slaps, and transport. B) Supplemental oxygen and transport. C) Assisted ventilations, back slaps, and transport. D) Stop diaphragmatic thrusts until the object is expelled.
supplemental oxygen and transport.
Which of the following parameters is the LEAST reliable when assessing the perfusion status of a 2-year-old child? A) Capillary refill time B) Systolic blood pressure C) Skin color and temperature D) Presence of peripheral pulses
systolic blood pressure
You will know that the third stage of labor has begun when: A) The placenta has delivered. B) The entire baby has delivered. C) The mother's contractions become regular. D) The baby's head is visible at the vagina opening.
the entire baby has delivered.
The MAIN reason why small children should ride in the backseat of the vehicle is because: A) They are much less likely to be injected from the vehicle. B) The back of the front seat will provide a cushion during the crash. C) They can experience severe injury or death of the airbag deploys. D) their legs are highly prone to injury from striking the dashboard.
they can experience severe injury or death if the airbag deploys.
Oxygen and other nutrients are transferred to the developing fetus via the: A) Umbilical vein. B) Amniotic fluid. C) umbilical arteries. D) Mother's liver.
umbilical vein
