Psych 201 Exam 1

Sleep deprivation increases levels of the hunger-arousing hormone _______ and decreases levels of the hunger-suppressing hormone ________.

ghrelin ; leptin

Which brain cells play a role in learning, thinking, and memory by communicating with neurons?

glial cells

The tendency to perceive order in random events often leads to overestimating the value of

intuition

Research on the use of addictive drugs indicates that

many people are able to stop using addictive drugs without professional help

Particularly among men, sleep apnea is linked with

obesity

Our tendency to believe we know more than we do best illustrates

overconfidence

By revealing what can happen through an in-depth examination of an atypical individual, ________ often suggests directions for future research.

case study

The part of the neuron that contains the nucleus is called the

cell body

Which baseball-sized structure at the rear of the brainstem serves many functions, including helping you to judge time and to discriminate sounds and textures?

cerebellum

The association areas are located in the

cerebral cortex

Which perspective is most concerned with how individuals interpret their experiences?

cognitive perspective

A disruption of our 24-hour biological clock as a result of either overexposure or underexposure to light is referred to as

desynchronization

In a study of the effects of drinking alcohol, some participants drank a nonalcoholic beverage that actually smelled and tasted like alcohol. This nonalcoholic drink was a

placebo

A representative sample is one that accurately reflects a larger

population

Testing hypotheses and refining theories in light of those tests is central to

scientific method

Auditory stimulation is processed in the ________ lobes.

temporal

The view that psychology should be an objective science that studies observable human activity without reference to mental processes is known as

Behaviorism

Which of the following is bad advice for a person trying to overcome problems falling asleep?

Drink wine 10 minutes before bed

Cassie is participating in a study in which she completes tasks while wearing a shower-cap-like hat that is filled with electrodes covered with a conductive gel. Which brain imaging technique is being used?

EEG

Who mapped the motor cortex during the 1930s?

Foerster and Penfield

Which of the following is NOT true of the brain's association areas?

More intelligent animals have smaller association areas

Circadian rhythm refers to

a pattern of biological functioning that occurs on a roughly 24-hour cycle

Environmental influences on personality traits are most clearly highlighted by comparing

identical twins raised together with identical twins raised apart

Research indicates that total time spent in REM sleep is especially high in

infants

When a person speaks, brain waves and blood flow are especially likely to reveal increased activity in the

left hemisphere

Research indicates that Canadian, American, British, German, and Japanese adults tend to sleep ________ on workdays than on other days. They also tend to go to bed ________ than did their counterparts a century ago.

less; later

The amygdala consists of emotion-linked neural clusters in the

limbic system

Which of the following body parts is associated with the greatest amount of brain tissue in the somatosensory cortex?

lips

Freud called the remembered story line of a dream its ________ content.

manifest

Which of the following is considered the body's building blocks?

protein molecules

One function of glial cells is to

provide nutrients to interneurons

Which part of the brain specializes in receiving information from the skin senses and from the movement of body parts?

somatosensory cortex

The knee-jerk reflex is controlled by interneurons in the

spinal cord

Sixteen-year-old Bethany is becoming increasingly concerned about her use of marijuana on weekends. To reduce her use of this drug Bethany should

stop associating with friends who use marijuana

Persistent substance craving and use despite significant life disruption and risk of physical harm is most characteristic of

substance use disorder

If psychologists discovered that more intelligent parents have smarter children than less intelligent parents, this would demonstrate that

the intelligence of parents and children is positively correlated

In a survey, psychologists select a random sample of research participants in order to ensure that

the participants are representative of the population they are interested in studying.

Jana has had such terrible alcohol withdrawal symptoms that she will not try again to cut back on her habit of drinking too much. Jana is most likely suffering from

alcohol use disorder

Janna has low self-esteem because she is often teased for being overweight. Appreciating the complexity of Janna's difficulties requires

biopsychosocial approach

Cognitive neuroscience is most directly concerned with studying

brain activity and thought processes

After flying from London to New York, Arthur experienced a restless, sleepless night. His problem was most likely caused by a disruption of his

circadian rhythm

If participants in the experimental group of a drug treatment study are much younger than participants in the control group, the age of the research participants is a

confounding variable

Which research method assesses how well one variable predicts another without demonstrating a cause-effect relationship between the variables?

correlational research

Assessing how well one variable predicts another variable is to ________ as detecting cause-effect relationships between different variables is to _________.

correlational research; experimental research

After an experiment, research participants are told its purpose and about any deception they may have experienced. This is called

debriefing

Studying people of all races and cultures is most helpful for

discerning human similarities and differences

When deprived of nicotine, smokers experience

distractibility

Between 2013 and 2014, use of ________ tripled among youth.

e-cigarettes

Hormones are the chemical messengers of the

endocrine system

Opiate drugs occupy the same receptor sites as

endorphins

Research participants drank either caffeinated or decaffeinated beverages in a study of the effects of caffeine on anxiety levels. Those who received the caffeinated drinks were assigned to the ________ group.

experimental

The group exposed to a newly created drug that is being tested in an experiment is called the ________ group.

experimental

Which of the following body parts is associated with the greatest amount of brain tissue in the motor cortex?

face

The risk of being color deficient is greater for men than for women. This best illustrates an important

gender differences

Fran uses Ecstasy each weekend with her friends at the club. During the week, she craves the drug and spends most of her week planning how she will obtain and use the drug. During the early part of the week, she has difficulty getting back on track and recovering from her use over the weekend. She has missed work several times because of her drug use. Because she has been using the drug for an extended period, she needs more of the substance to obtain the desired effect. Which of the following best describes the severity of her substance use disorder?

moderate

Some neurons enable you to grasp objects by relaying outgoing messages to the muscles in your arms and hands. These neurons are called

motor neurons

Professor Lopez believes that severe depression results primarily from an imbalanced diet and abnormal brain chemistry. Professor Lopez favors a ________ perspective on depression.

neuroscience

Reuptake refers to the

reabsorption of excess neurotransmitter molecules by a sending neuron

A state in which the fluid outside an axon has a mostly positive charge and the fluid inside the axon has a mostly negative charge is called

resting potential

A bank teller was so distracted by the sight of a bank robber's weapon that she failed to perceive important features of the criminal's physical appearance. This best illustrates the impact of

selective attention

Psychologists study animals because

similar processes often underlie animal and human behavior

Cognitive neuroscience studies relationships between

thought processes and brain functions

The minimum level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse is called the

threshold

Although many experienced drivers cannot accurately explain how they do it, most know how to turn successfully from a left to a right lane of traffic. This best illustrates the value of

unconscious processing

When Celeste was unable to obtain her regular supply of heroin, she began to develop pain and an intense craving for the drug. Celeste was experiencing symptoms of

withdrawal

Surveys indicate that people are less likely to support "welfare" than "aid to the needy." These somewhat paradoxical survey results best illustrate the importance of

wording effects

Forty-year-old Lance insists that he never dreams. Research suggests that he probably

would report a vivid dream if he were awakened during REM sleep