Psych 201 Exam 1
Sleep deprivation increases levels of the hunger-arousing hormone _______ and decreases levels of the hunger-suppressing hormone ________.
ghrelin ; leptin
Which brain cells play a role in learning, thinking, and memory by communicating with neurons?
glial cells
The tendency to perceive order in random events often leads to overestimating the value of
intuition
Research on the use of addictive drugs indicates that
many people are able to stop using addictive drugs without professional help
Particularly among men, sleep apnea is linked with
obesity
Our tendency to believe we know more than we do best illustrates
overconfidence
By revealing what can happen through an in-depth examination of an atypical individual, ________ often suggests directions for future research.
case study
The part of the neuron that contains the nucleus is called the
cell body
Which baseball-sized structure at the rear of the brainstem serves many functions, including helping you to judge time and to discriminate sounds and textures?
cerebellum
The association areas are located in the
cerebral cortex
Which perspective is most concerned with how individuals interpret their experiences?
cognitive perspective
A disruption of our 24-hour biological clock as a result of either overexposure or underexposure to light is referred to as
desynchronization
In a study of the effects of drinking alcohol, some participants drank a nonalcoholic beverage that actually smelled and tasted like alcohol. This nonalcoholic drink was a
placebo
A representative sample is one that accurately reflects a larger
population
Testing hypotheses and refining theories in light of those tests is central to
scientific method
Auditory stimulation is processed in the ________ lobes.
temporal
The view that psychology should be an objective science that studies observable human activity without reference to mental processes is known as
Behaviorism
Which of the following is bad advice for a person trying to overcome problems falling asleep?
Drink wine 10 minutes before bed
Cassie is participating in a study in which she completes tasks while wearing a shower-cap-like hat that is filled with electrodes covered with a conductive gel. Which brain imaging technique is being used?
EEG
Who mapped the motor cortex during the 1930s?
Foerster and Penfield
Which of the following is NOT true of the brain's association areas?
More intelligent animals have smaller association areas
Circadian rhythm refers to
a pattern of biological functioning that occurs on a roughly 24-hour cycle
Environmental influences on personality traits are most clearly highlighted by comparing
identical twins raised together with identical twins raised apart
Research indicates that total time spent in REM sleep is especially high in
infants
When a person speaks, brain waves and blood flow are especially likely to reveal increased activity in the
left hemisphere
Research indicates that Canadian, American, British, German, and Japanese adults tend to sleep ________ on workdays than on other days. They also tend to go to bed ________ than did their counterparts a century ago.
less; later
The amygdala consists of emotion-linked neural clusters in the
limbic system
Which of the following body parts is associated with the greatest amount of brain tissue in the somatosensory cortex?
lips
Freud called the remembered story line of a dream its ________ content.
manifest
Which of the following is considered the body's building blocks?
protein molecules
One function of glial cells is to
provide nutrients to interneurons
Which part of the brain specializes in receiving information from the skin senses and from the movement of body parts?
somatosensory cortex
The knee-jerk reflex is controlled by interneurons in the
spinal cord
Sixteen-year-old Bethany is becoming increasingly concerned about her use of marijuana on weekends. To reduce her use of this drug Bethany should
stop associating with friends who use marijuana
Persistent substance craving and use despite significant life disruption and risk of physical harm is most characteristic of
substance use disorder
If psychologists discovered that more intelligent parents have smarter children than less intelligent parents, this would demonstrate that
the intelligence of parents and children is positively correlated
In a survey, psychologists select a random sample of research participants in order to ensure that
the participants are representative of the population they are interested in studying.
Jana has had such terrible alcohol withdrawal symptoms that she will not try again to cut back on her habit of drinking too much. Jana is most likely suffering from
alcohol use disorder
Janna has low self-esteem because she is often teased for being overweight. Appreciating the complexity of Janna's difficulties requires
biopsychosocial approach
Cognitive neuroscience is most directly concerned with studying
brain activity and thought processes
After flying from London to New York, Arthur experienced a restless, sleepless night. His problem was most likely caused by a disruption of his
circadian rhythm
If participants in the experimental group of a drug treatment study are much younger than participants in the control group, the age of the research participants is a
confounding variable
Which research method assesses how well one variable predicts another without demonstrating a cause-effect relationship between the variables?
correlational research
Assessing how well one variable predicts another variable is to ________ as detecting cause-effect relationships between different variables is to _________.
correlational research; experimental research
After an experiment, research participants are told its purpose and about any deception they may have experienced. This is called
debriefing
Studying people of all races and cultures is most helpful for
discerning human similarities and differences
When deprived of nicotine, smokers experience
distractibility
Between 2013 and 2014, use of ________ tripled among youth.
e-cigarettes
Hormones are the chemical messengers of the
endocrine system
Opiate drugs occupy the same receptor sites as
endorphins
Research participants drank either caffeinated or decaffeinated beverages in a study of the effects of caffeine on anxiety levels. Those who received the caffeinated drinks were assigned to the ________ group.
experimental
The group exposed to a newly created drug that is being tested in an experiment is called the ________ group.
experimental
Which of the following body parts is associated with the greatest amount of brain tissue in the motor cortex?
face
The risk of being color deficient is greater for men than for women. This best illustrates an important
gender differences
Fran uses Ecstasy each weekend with her friends at the club. During the week, she craves the drug and spends most of her week planning how she will obtain and use the drug. During the early part of the week, she has difficulty getting back on track and recovering from her use over the weekend. She has missed work several times because of her drug use. Because she has been using the drug for an extended period, she needs more of the substance to obtain the desired effect. Which of the following best describes the severity of her substance use disorder?
moderate
Some neurons enable you to grasp objects by relaying outgoing messages to the muscles in your arms and hands. These neurons are called
motor neurons
Professor Lopez believes that severe depression results primarily from an imbalanced diet and abnormal brain chemistry. Professor Lopez favors a ________ perspective on depression.
neuroscience
Reuptake refers to the
reabsorption of excess neurotransmitter molecules by a sending neuron
A state in which the fluid outside an axon has a mostly positive charge and the fluid inside the axon has a mostly negative charge is called
resting potential
A bank teller was so distracted by the sight of a bank robber's weapon that she failed to perceive important features of the criminal's physical appearance. This best illustrates the impact of
selective attention
Psychologists study animals because
similar processes often underlie animal and human behavior
Cognitive neuroscience studies relationships between
thought processes and brain functions
The minimum level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse is called the
threshold
Although many experienced drivers cannot accurately explain how they do it, most know how to turn successfully from a left to a right lane of traffic. This best illustrates the value of
unconscious processing
When Celeste was unable to obtain her regular supply of heroin, she began to develop pain and an intense craving for the drug. Celeste was experiencing symptoms of
withdrawal
Surveys indicate that people are less likely to support "welfare" than "aid to the needy." These somewhat paradoxical survey results best illustrate the importance of
wording effects
Forty-year-old Lance insists that he never dreams. Research suggests that he probably
would report a vivid dream if he were awakened during REM sleep