OCC 511 quiz 1/midterm 1

single word utterances at age

10-13 months

babies usually start walking at

10-18 months

children combine words to form sentences at

27-30 months

REM

28 weeks gestation REM and NREM emerges essential for neurosensory development

intentional behavior

3-8 months learning leads to this. Although communication is not always clear. Must still be interpreted by caregiver.

sentence embedding

35-40 months (3 years old)

infant in weeks

37 weeks or more less than 37 is premature

what are risky times for the fetus?

8-24 weeks

fetal grows from

8-40 weeks

life course theory

:multidisciplinary paradigm for the study of people's lives structural contexts, and social change. Four central principles to the theory: -Human development occurs over changing times and places -Human life occurs within a specific point in time -There is interplay between human development and social phenomena -Elder views choice as a parameter that affects lifelong development.

Level or narrative: community

communal stories of a group of people. Can be reshaped over time

conjoining sentences

final stage of language mastery 41-46 months children use connectors like "and" and "if" complete sentences

neonatal period

first 4 weeks after birth

ICF

focuses on universality lays groundwork for what matters during practice greater sense of perceived well being and being able to actively participate in their chosen activities

suckling

for the first few months, more rapid

neuroprotective interventions

graded, gentle touch neutral thermal environment STS holding slow change in infants position olfactory and gustatory- sensitive to smell auditory and visual

individualized developmental care model (Als)

helps develop experiences for baby to help develop neural behavior infant characteristics and impact of environment

occupational story making

how OT engage people in desired occupations and experience their potential to participate in desired activities to recreate their life story to imagine new possibilities

cultural congruence

how health professional think and act in wars that fit with a persons cultural style.

Type of illness narrative: restitution:

how medicine has resolved their problems to return them to health

neck righting

if baby's head is rotated , the entire body will follow. comes before segmental

Level of narrative: personal

individual experience, social interaction, and place

cultural proficiency

interchangeable meaning with cultural competence but preferred because it reflects understanding culture as a process rather than skill

back to sleep protocol

lay baby on back so they dont suffocate must elevate 45 degrees and strap if they spit up too much may cause flat head

occupational deprivation

limits individual's opportunity to participate with occupations

scaffolding

making synapse connections

OT in NICU

massage and rocking therapy for older stable infants not for those 23-25 weeks gestation #1 profession in NICU babies normally hypotonic

Level of narrative: dominant cultural

master narratives of different groups of people. stereotypes that characterize a group

semantics

meaning

hierarchical model

suggests that as the CNS matures, the behavior displayed represents the function of that level. Many motor maturational theorists like McGraw hoped to prove specific motor behaviors and reflexes tied to functions of certain levels of the CNS hierarchy. 1st: Language development supported McGraw's theory 2nd: Nobel prize winning studies of visual development supported McGraw's theory Genes direct brain growth, which directs brain function, thereby ultimately directing behavior.

OT practice framework

summary of interrelated constructs that define and guide OT practice

tonic labyrinthine

supine position has more extension, prone has more flexion. abnormal tone causes head lag

Family as healing environment

support parents contact STS, at least one hour due to sleep cycles assist parental competence in specific skills learn parents view support breast feeding

neuroplasticity

the ability of the human brain to change as a result of one's experience, that the brain is "plastic" and "malleable" and the structural and functional changes in the brain are driven by environmental experience.

One of the first organs to form is

the heart

proxemics

the measurable distance between people as they interact. the use of touch and space touch is our first medium of communication

sensory deprivation model

theorized limited infant experience techniques for increased stimulation tactile, kinesthetic, and vestibular stimulation are emphasized

is there is developmental delay that suggests

there are delays across all domains

labyrinthine righting

tilt them slightly to one side and they will resist and try to shift their bodies straight

OT process

to examine and evaluate the transaction between the client, environment, and activities the client engages to collaboratively and effectively choose an intervention that supports clients lifestyle.

first sensory system developed is

touch/tactile

folk practice

traditional home remedies such as coin rubbing or cupping. folk healer is looked to for traditional practices or rituals

rooting

turn to stimulus when you stroke their cheek

language disorder

type of impairment that includes a problem with the comprehension or production of the language components morphology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics that INTERFERE WITH FUNCTIONAL COMMUNICATION

aphasia

type of language disorder due to brain damage or disease resulting in difficulty in formulating, expressing, or understanding language

cultural fluidity

understanding how cultural differences manifest in every day occupations allowing individuals to consider their own primary culture as reference point for understanding new values and beliefs

client centered practice

understanding patients beliefs, values, and dreams in order to develop meaningful interventions

culture

values, beliefs, languages, norms, communication of group of people from generation to generation

neural tube closes when?

week 6-7 folic acid helps prevent neural tube defects

moro

when you put a baby down, their hands go out and they cry

asymmetrical tonic neck

when you turn on way, and you extend towards that direction

syntax

word order

pre intentional behavior

0-3 months of age communicate through behavior is not under control but reflects their state and caregiver interprets babys movement, expression, or sound

levels of normal neurological function

1- deep sleep 2-active or REM sleep 3-sleep to wake 4- quiet alert 5- active alert 6-crying number 4 is most desirable

Reductionist Vs. Nonreductionist

Reductionist theory: behavior is the sum of a number of smaller behaviors Nonreductionist theory: behavior as a total that CANNOT be broken into smaller parts.

Piaget's Theory

Assimilation: process of changing elements of environment so they can be incorporated into the organism's structure. Accomodation: changing of function in accordance with environment. Ex: as a child learns, she might call a cow a "big dog." Schema: class of similar sequences of action

Dewey's Theory (Dewey = Doing; you learn by DOING)

Development could be directed & that education had the responsibility to shape children's intellectual development toward desired goal. He believed that school was the instrument of social progress & the most significant outcome is GROWTH! Child centered approach

Gesell's Theory- developmental milestones is as follows:

Development proceeds in a cephalocaudal direction: infant gains control of the head, shoulders, down the spine, & then lower legs. Development proceeds proximal to distal: infant gain control of shoulder & hip before hand & foot. Developmental proceeds medial to lateral: in the hand, development of grasp moves from ulnar (medial) to radial (lateral). Development proceeds up against gravity- infants progress from completely prone to prone on elbows, then supported by hands, then supported by all 4 limbs to stand/walk. - these are the Laws of developmental direction , Maturational Theory *** important just not there yet their development just needs time

McGraw's Theory (McGraw = GROW)

Environment has a greater influence and could change the influence of developing structures. There's a biologic explanation of development: critical period & sensitive period Critical period: limited time in which developmental event can occur. Most receptive to learning here. If you don't learn to do something at a particular age you may never learn to do it at all Sensitive period: kids are especially receptive to specific types of environmental stimuli.

Vygotsky's Theory (Vygotsky = VygotSKI / skiing)

Evaluate what is significant in the culture in which child is living. Zone of proximal development (ZPD): child's being nearly prepared to comprehend a fact or perform a task with minimum support. A psychologist named Valsiner expanded Vgotsky's concepts into 2 zones. Zone of free movement: all resources available to children in an environment Zone of promoted action- actions that are promoted by caregivers.

full term and pre term

FT tone- physiologic flexion is normal PT- hypotonic but not abnormal dont change the tone, increase functional strength

brain stem is responsible for

HR and breathing

NICU levels

Level 1 level 2- some ventilative support Cpap level 3- highest level of care for premature

Organismic Vs. Mechanist

Mechanist model: human beings react to the environment, so the environment rather than the person initiates a behavior. Organismic theory: It's unstable, non reductionist, & qualitative Changing environment circumstances by virtue

Qualitative Versus Quantitative

Qualitative theory: individuals are different from one another based on quality or characteristic. Qualitative theories presents behavior as developing in sequential stages. Quantitative theory: sees development as primarily the acquisition of skills.

Sensory-Perceptual Function

Perceptions of 2 schools: nativist school & empiricist school. Nativist school: genetic predisposition & innate abilities explained perception Empiricist school: formation of associations between various sensations is the foundation of perception Gestalt psych: perception cannot be reduced to parts, but rather, the whole is greater than the sum of the parts. "Best fit" perception in the fact of inadequate sensory data.

Three level of narratives

Personal, community and dominant cultural

Temperament Theories

Personality represents emotional & behavioral characteristics of a person. Temperament: refers to a predisposition of response. Theories of temperament came from Alexander Thomas & Stella Chess (see table below).

Kohlberg's Theory

Preconventional (kids aged 4-10): rules are obeyed based on an understanding of rewards & punishments. Rules are obeyed to avoid punishment Conventional (preadolescents): rules are obeyed to preserve status in society as good/responsible ppl. In stage 3, they obey rules to maintain the respect of others; in stage 4, they do so to conform to society's rules Postconventional: morale principles which individuals subscribe are seen as transcending that dictates societal structure. In stage 5, they operate on social concept, which is an understanding of generally agreed rights. Stage 6, is adherence to rules of conscience & self-chosen ethical principles.

Erikson's Theory

Psychosocial development to cover the lifespan. He viewed development as a series of conflicts that must be resolved. It can be resolved either positive or negative mode

Three types of illness narratives

Restitution chaos quest

Stability Vs. Instability

Stability: rules for anticipating behavior are consistent across the lifespan. Unstable: different rules apply @ different points in a person's life; therefore one must know the applicable set of rules before predication.

egalitarianism

equal rights of all

evil eye

someone can project harm by gazing or staring

Frame of reference

Theoretical organizes approach to client management Support identification strategies, interventions, goals, dc planning, advocacy, community engagement

disability stories

a person is not their diagnosis ask what is important to the pt Learn about the person vs their impairment

phonology

sound

morphology

structure

Narrative and stories are

about someone trying to do something and what happens to themselves and others as a result

occupational performance

accomplishment of the selected occupation resulting from the relevance of client, context, environment, and activity

Purpose of OT intervention

achieve the end goal of supporting health and participation in life through engagement in occupations.

biomedical model

allopathic medicine scientific knowledge that attributes health and illness to physiological, biological, and scientifically explainable changes in ones body.

inflections

alterations to words that change its meaning Change in the form of word to express grammatical function or attribute such s tense, mood, person...

meconium

aspirate fecal matter

low touch societies

avoid touch

peripeteia

sudden reversal of fortune or change in circumstances. especially in reference to fictional narratice

tonic bite reflex

baby will bite down and not open

grasp

baby will grasp what is in their palm plantar reflex on foot

OT leans on which view of disability

biopsychosocial model

infancy period

birth to 12 months

what is the most significant influences on brain and personality during the first three years of life?

caregiving relationships

bilirubin

causes jaundice

phasic

chewing with gums

model of human occupation

clients culture and impact of occupational choice

neurologic development is considered to be a

critical time period 6-8 weeks

cultural emergent

cultural identity emerge in interaction and are displayed primarily through talk and action.

discrimination

denies equal treatment

Freudian Theory (from Sigmund Freud)

destructive & loving instincts. id, ego, & superego. Id: most basic instincts & drives. Ego: intellectual activities & logical thoughts. Superego: conscience & awareness of right & wrong. Oral stage: In infancy, concerned w/ feeding & oral exploration. Anal stage: toilet training & concerned w/ gratification & development of control. Phallic stage: Early exploration of genitals & awareness of sexual differences.

four metaphors of prejudice

difference as a threat difference as dislike for the unknown difference as competition hierarchy

diverse

distinct forms and qualities

First year of life

early infancy- birth to 3 mo middle infancy- 4 to 6 mo late infancy- 7 to 9 mo infancy transition- 10 to 12 mo

high touch societies

more comfortable with touch as a means of communication

collectivist societies

more value on family as a unit

Bowlby's Theory (Bowlby = BABIES)

most difficult to achieve is attachment if you (baby's) never had one. Multiple caregivers = hard to develop attachment Securely attached kids use mommy as a "home base." They get upset when mommy leaves & happy to see when she returns. Avoidant children do not seek initial proximity to mom & avoids when she returns. Ambivalent kids may have decreased exploratory behavior in the mother's presence, are distressed when she leaves, & when she returns, they want to be comforted & aggressive towards mom.

speech apraxia

motor control disorder that impairs speech production

Norms vs values

norms: going to school values: go to college

language impairment

ny difference or limitation in the comprehension or production of language that results in a difference in communication BUT DOES NOT INTERFERE WITH IT

development of syntax

occurs at 31-34 months start developing questions and imperatives

stereotyping

one attributes certain characteristics to an entire group of people in disregard to the individual

culturally responsive caring

open to the process of building mutuality with a client and to accepting that the cultural knowledge one has about a group may or may not apply to the client

Listening to clients allows

opportunity to see, feel and hear differently

cultural humility

opposite of ethnocentrism Open to another's culture. Continually engage in self reflection and critique as life long learners.

Type of illness narrative: chaos

out of control with no solutions in sight

Type of illness narrative: quest:

personal transformation when confronting illness

Prejudice

preconceived ideas and attitudes about a group of people without looking at facts

ethnocentrism

putting their own group at the center and uses their culture as a standard to judge others

dynamical systems theory

refers to self organization of complex particles. Recently been used to explain human development at a constant, fluid, emergent or nonlinear, and multidetermined. Variable interactions through complex systems and behavior is emergent

current intervention models in infancy

relationship based developmentally supportive care neuroprotective care trauma informed care

Master Narratives

represent the values of a culture that reflect the power of dominant members of society and their prejudices may become stereotypes that suppress individuality and convey negative attitudes

dysarthria

results from paralysis, weakness, or lack of coordination of the muscles required for speech

moralistic orientation

right vs wrong

pragmatics

rules

cultural awareness

scientific orientation:causes for everything progress and change: constant change materialism: western culture is very materialistic. Measures success by what we have individualism: Ethical sense of autonomy Recognition that there are other ways of viewing the same scenario

narrative as an interpretive process

selecting aspects of a past experience and representing that experience to others in the present

individualistic societies

self expression, personal choice, autonomy, independence

cultural competence

set of congruent behaviors, attitudes, policies coming together in a system enabling effective work