OCE1001 Chapter 6

A boundary or belt characterized by cold deserts occurs in which of the following regions? Equatorial (0 to 5 degrees) 5 to 30 degrees 30 degrees 30 to 60 degrees 60 degrees 60 to 90 degrees Poles (90 degrees)

Poles (90 degrees)

The major deserts of the world occur in which of the following regions? Equatorial (0 to 5 degrees) 5 to 30 degrees 30 degrees 30 to 60 degrees 60 degrees 60 to 90 degrees Poles (90 degrees)

30 degrees

Storms are most common in which of the following regions? Equatorial (0 to 5 degrees) 5 to 30 degrees 30 to 60 degrees 60 to 90 degrees Poles (90 degrees)

30 to 60 degrees

The average albedo of Earth's surface is about: The average albedo of Earth's surface is about: 67%. 3%. 30%. 50%. 90%.

30%

The Coriolis effect is due to changes in the ________ of Earth with latitude. chemical composition pressure velocity temperature density

Velocity

Which of the following is not one of the names associated with huge rotating masses of low pressure characterized by strong winds and torrential rain? Hurricane Cyclone Typhoon Vortex

Vortex

Which way would wind travel in the region between 30 and 60 degrees latitude if Earth stopped rotating? -south in the Southern Hemisphere and north in the Northern Hemisphere -west in the Southern Hemisphere and north in the Northern Hemisphere -north in the Southern Hemisphere and south in the Northern Hemisphere -south in the Southern Hemisphere and east in the Northern Hemisphere

-south in the Southern Hemisphere and north in the Northern Hemisphere

Of the following statements about the Coriolis effect in the Northern Hemisphere, which is/are true? Choose all that apply. -The Coriolis effect causes air to move counterclockwise around low pressure. -The Coriolis effect causes air to move counterclockwise around high pressure. -The Coriolis effect causes air to move clockwise around high pressure. -The Coriolis effect causes air to move clockwise around low pressure. -The Coriolis effect does not cause air to move in a circular pattern around either high or low pressures

-The Coriolis effect causes air to move counterclockwise around low pressure. -The Coriolis effect causes air to move clockwise around high pressure.

In the eastern Pacific of the Northern Hemisphere, which ocean temperatures are associated with the most hurricanes? -above 30° Celsius -27° to 29° Celsius -24° to 26° Celsius -21° to 23° Celsius -less than 20° Celsius

27° to 29° Celsius

Which of the following is the correct order of formation of sea ice as it forms directly from seawater? (START) Pancake Ice; Ice Floes; Slush; Sea Ice (FINISH) (START) Ice Floes; Slush; Pancake Ice; Sea Ice (FINISH) (START) Slush; Ice Floes; Sea Ice; Pancake Ice (FINISH) (START) Slush; Pancake Ice; Ice Floes; Sea Ice (FINISH) (START) Slush; Ice Floes; Pancake Ice; Sea Ice (FINISH)

(START) Slush; Pancake Ice; Ice Floes; Sea Ice (FINISH)

Why does air tend to rise in equatorial regions? Equatorial regions receive less indirect sunlight than other areas. -Equatorial regions receive more direct sunlight than other areas. -Equatorial regions receive less direct sunlight than other areas. -Equatorial regions receive more indirect sunlight than other areas.

-Equatorial regions receive more direct sunlight than other areas.

The image below shows a cut-away perspective view of a hurricane. Match the correct letter to each of the following features

1. A: Inside the eye of the hurricane • 2. B: Movement of warm water vapor (arrow) • 3. D: Movement of spiral rain bands (arrow) • 4. C: Movement of cool dry air (arrow)

The map below shows climatic regions of the ocean with different colors. Match the climatic region with the appropriate letter.

1. B: Equatorial • 2. A: Temperate • 3. E: Tropical • 4. C: Subpolar • 5. D: Subtropical

How big can the diameter of a hurricane become?

500 miles

Variable winds that result in generally clear, dry, and fair conditions with minimal precipitation are labeled number: 1. 3. 4. 5. 6.

6

Of the following statements about the tilt of Earth's axis, which one is true?

An increase in Earth's tilt would cause colder winters and warmer summers.

Hurricane Katrina moved 425 km during which of these time periods?

August 28 at 10 A.M. to August 29 at 10 A.M.

Why does wind between the equator and 30 degrees south come out of the southeast? -Cooled air moves north toward the equator and is deflected toward the east by the Coriolis effect. -Cooled air moves south toward the equator and is deflected toward the west by the Coriolis effect. -Cooled air moves east toward the equator and is deflected toward the north by the Coriolis effect. -Cooled air moves north toward the equator and is deflected toward the west by the Coriolis effect. -Cooled air moves west toward the equator and is deflected toward the south by the Coriolis effect.

Cooled air moves north toward the equator and is deflected toward the west by the Coriolis effect

Determine which line on the graph represents Urbana and which represents San Francisco and label each for the correct city. Indicate how you figured this out by answering the question below.

FROM TOP TO BOTTOM -The ocean near San Fran limits temp variations -Urbana -San Fran

Which of the following statements regarding sea-surface temperatures in the Gulf of Mexico during the time period covered by the animation is correct? Sea-surface temperature decreased after the passage of Hurricane Katrina due to the latent heat of condensation. Sea-surface temperature never exceeded 30°C. Sea-surface temperature increased after the passage of Hurricane Katrina due to the latent heat of condensation. Sea-surface temperature showed a pattern of decreasing temperatures with increasing latitude.

Sea-surface temperature decreased after the passage of Hurricane Katrina due to the latent heat of condensation.

Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: Atmospheric pressure decreases with increasing altitude BECAUSE it depends on the weight of the column of air above. The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid. The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid. The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect. The assertion is incorrect, but the reason is correct. Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.

The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid

Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: The rate of sea ice formation slows as sea ice thickens BECAUSE the ice insulates the underlying water from freezing due to its poor heat conduction. The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid. The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid. The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect. The assertion is incorrect, but the reason is correct. Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.

The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.

Which of the following statements about sea-surface temperatures during the time period covered by the animation is correct? The coldest temperature in the Gulf of Mexico was 30°C. The warmest temperature in the Gulf of Mexico was 40°C. The warmest temperature in the Gulf of Mexico was 30°C. The coldest temperature in the Gulf of Mexico was 27°C.

The coldest temperature in the Gulf of Mexico was 27°C

Which of the following statements best describes the general relationship between ocean currents and hurricanes? -Cold ocean currents and hurricane paths both broadly move from east to west between 10° and 20° degrees south latitude in the eastern Pacific. -Warm ocean currents and hurricane paths both broadly move from west to east between 10° and 20° degrees north latitude in the eastern Atlantic. -Warm ocean currents and hurricane paths both broadly move from east to west between 10° and 20° degrees north latitude in the eastern Pacific. -Cold ocean currents and hurricane paths both broadly move from east to west between 10° and 20° degrees north latitude in the western Pacific. -Warm ocean currents and hurricane paths both broadly move from west to east between 10° and 20° degrees south latitude in the eastern Atlantic.

Warm ocean currents and hurricane paths both broadly move from east to west between 10° and 20° degrees north latitude in the eastern Pacific.

The atmospheric high-pressure cells over North America in the map suggest that the atmospheric patterns shown most likely represent which season for the northern hemisphere? Winter Fall Summer Spring

Winter

What is a tropical cyclone?

a low-pressure disturbance that develops over warm, tropical waters

Earth's polar regions (above 60° latitude) are classified as deserts because mountains surrounding the polar regions prevent moist air from moving into the areas the albedo is too great in those areas only snow falls in those areas, and snow is not considered to be precipitation cold, dry sinking air in the polar high regions produces little precipitation all available water in the polar regions is tied up in glaciers and icecaps

cold, dry sinking air in the polar high regions produces little precipitation

When would you expect the low-pressure cell over the North Pole to be most developed? during the Northern Hemisphere summer during the Northern Hemisphere spring during the Northern Hemisphere winter during the Northern Hemisphere fall

during the Northern Hemisphere winter

Weather (short-term conditions of air temperature, wind speed/direction, precipitation, and atmospheric pressure) occurs because __________. -solar activity varies with time -Earth's surface is heated unevenly by the Sun -ocean currents cause the movement of air masses and produce weather fronts -photosynthesis has enriched the atmosphere with oxygen -Earth's orbit around the Sun is elliptical

earth's surface is heated unevenly by the sun

The Doldrums occur in which of the following regions? Equatorial (0 to 5 degrees) 5 to 30 degrees 30 degrees 30 to 60 degrees 60 degrees 30 to 60 degrees Poles (90 degrees)

equatorial (0 to 5 degrees)

The trade winds blow in which of the following directions in the Northern Hemisphere? From northeast to southwest From northwest to southeast From southeast to northwest From southwest to northeast

from northeast to southwest

The intensity of solar radiation received at lower latitudes (near the equator) compared to higher latitudes (near the poles) is: greater. the same. lower. none of the above.

greater

What drives Hadley cell circulation? heating from volcanism pressure from air systems pressure from wind patterns heating from the Sun

heating from the Sun

When ice forms from seawater, the remaining seawater will have a: higher temperature. darker color. higher salinity. lower temperature. decreased density.

higher salinity

Where are tropical cyclones found?

lower and middle latitudes

The prevailing westerly winds blow in which of the following directions in the Southern Hemisphere? From northeast to southwest From northwest to southeast From southeast to northwest From southwest to northeast

northwest to southeast

Earth's atmosphere is heated primarily by __________. -solar energy interacting with the stratosphere -latent heat of condensation in storms -solar energy interacting with the ionosphere -re-radiation of solar energy from Earth's surface back into the atmosphere as infrared radiation -conduction of heat from Earth's surface

re-radiation of solar energy from Earth's surface back into the atmosphere as infrared radiation

Air warmed by the land that rises and is replaced by cooler air from the ocean may produce a: typhoon. land breeze. tropical cyclone. cold front. sea breeze.

sea breeze

The two factors that are most important in determining the density of air are: carbon dioxide and water vapor content. temperature and salinity. temperature and ozone. nitrogen and water vapor content. temperature and water vapor content.

temperature & water vapor content

What term is used to describe the effect on air movement produced by Earth's rotation? -the rotation effect -the air-Coriolis effect -the Coriolis effect -the rotation-Coriolis effect -the air-rotation effect

the Coriolis effect

What is a front?

the boundary between two air masses of different temperatures

The thickness of sea ice is limited primarily by the insulating nature of the ice itself increased salinity of the water excluded from the crystal lattice of the sea ice heat conducted upward through the water column the length of the winter season

the insulating nature of the ice itself

Hurricanes frequently make landfall on the U.S. Atlantic and Gulf coasts, but rarely, if ever, occur on the Pacific coast. The primary reason for the rarity of west coast hurricanes is that __________.

the ocean water does not get warm enough to supply the needed heat energy for hurricanes

The Coriolis effect is caused by __________. Earth's magnetic field the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) changes in Earth's rotational velocity the curvature of Earth the rotation of Earth

the rotation of Earth

What two features are many of Earth's deserts associated with? the subtropical lows and cool ocean currents found along the west coasts of continents the subtropical highs and warm ocean currents found along the west coasts of continents the subtropical highs and cool ocean currents found along the west coasts of continents the subtropical lows and warm ocean currents found along the west coasts of continents

the subtropical highs and cool ocean currents found along the west coasts of continents

As a result of the Coriolis effect in the northern hemisphere, winds always are deflected: -to the east of their original direction. -at a 45° angle from their original direction. -to the left of their original direction. -to the right of their original direction. -at a 90° angle from their original direction.

to the right of their original direction

lowermost portion of Earth's atmosphere where most weather occurs: upper atmosphere. stratosphere. ozone layer. troposphere. tropopause.

troposphere

All of the following are true of the movement of Earth's atmosphere except: a column of cool, dense air produces high pressure at the Earth's surface. the movement of air within the atmospheric convection cells generates the Earth's major wind belts. cool air is denser than warm air so it tends to sink toward the Earth's surface. warm air is less dense than cool air so it tends to sink toward the Earth's surface. a column of warm, less dense air produces low pressure at the Earth's surface.

warm air is less dense than cool air so it tends to sink toward the Earth's surface.

Of the following statements about the transfer of heat on Earth, which is/are true? Choose all that apply. -Air currents move warmer air from the tropics to higher latitudes. -Greenhouse gases in the air decrease the amount of heat retained by Earth's atmosphere. -Earth's albedo reflects back into space all of the sunlight hitting Earth. -Ocean currents move warm water from the tropics to higher latitudes. -Water vapor in the air carries latent heat with it, which is released in other areas.

-Water vapor in the air carries latent heat with it, which is released in other areas. -Ocean currents move warm water from the tropics to higher latitudes. -Air currents move warmer air from the tropics to higher latitudes.

In which direction would winds move at the poles if Earth rotated in the opposite direction? - -Wind would move toward the northeast at both poles. -Wind would move toward the southeast at both poles. -Wind near the north pole would move to the northwest, and the wind near the south pole would move to the southwest. -Wind near the north pole would move to the northeast, and the wind near the south pole would move to the southeast.

-Wind near the north pole would move to the northeast, and the wind near the south pole would move to the southeast.

The Trade Winds are one type of prevailing wind pattern. How many other types of prevailing winds are there among earth's global wind patterns? -1 -5 -3 -2 -4

2

The westerlies wind belt is the area corresponding to number: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

2

The image below shows Earth's generalized atmospheric circulation pattern, including wind belts of the world. Match the correct letters to each of the following wind belts and boundary zones that are indicated in the Northern Hemisphere (note that they are mirrored in the Southern Hemisphere).

1. E: Wind belt: polar easterlies • 2. D: Boundary: doldrums • 3. A: Wind belt: trade winds • 4. B: Boundary: horse latitudes • 5. F: Boundary: polar front • 6. C: Wind belt: prevailing westerlies

A boundary or belt characterized by variable winds and stormy, cloudy weather year round occurs in which of the following regions? Equatorial (0 to 5 degrees) 5 to 30 degrees 30 degrees 30 to 60 degrees 60 degrees 60 to 90 degrees Poles (90 degrees)

60 degrees

The polar front occurs in which of the following regions? 30 degrees 30 to 60 degrees 60 degrees 60 to 90 degrees Poles (90 degrees)

60 degrees

The organized, denser portion of Hurricane Katrina (not including the wispy outer spiral bands) was 1600 km in diameter on August 28 at 9 P.M. 1300 km in diameter on August 28 at 9 P.M. 900 km in diameter on August 28 at 9 P.M. 70 km in diameter on August 28 at 9 P.M.

900 km in diameter on August 28 at 9 P.M.

Why is warm, moist air considered the "fuel" for a hurricane? -Air cools as it rises. As air cools, liquid water will evaporate out as water vapor. Evaporation releases heat, providing energy to the hurricane. -Air warms as it rises. As air warms, water vapor will condense out as liquid water. Condensation absorbs heat, providing energy to the hurricane. -Air cools as it rises. As air cools, water vapor will condense out as liquid water. Condensation releases heat, providing energy to the hurricane. -Air cools as it rises. As air cools, liquid water will evaporate out as water vapor. Evaporation absorbs heat, providing energy to the hurricane. -Air warms as it rises. As air warms, liquid water will evaporate out as water vapor. Evaporation releases heat, providing energy to the hurricane.

Air cools as it rises. As air cools, water vapor will condense out as liquid water. Condensation releases heat, providing energy to the hurricane.

The weather on four different summer days is described below. On which day would you expect the greatest temperature range? Which day would have the smallest range in temperature?

Greatest Temp Range: -Clear skies during day and clear at night Inter. Temp. Range: -Clear skies during day and cloudy at night -Cloudy skies during day and clear at night Small Temp Range: -Cloudy during day and cloudy at night

The image below shows that about 30 percent of the Sun's energy is reflected and scattered back into space. How would a 50 percent increase in Earth's albedo impact average surface temperatures? Surface temperatures would increase, causing a decrease in surface water and/or ice on Earth, and would thus cause a further increase in albedo. Higher albedo would result in cooler temperatures on Earth. A higher albedo means more of the Sun's radiation is absorbed by Earth's surface. Ice sheets would advance, thereby increasing Earth's overall albedo and further cooling Earth's surface.

Higher albedo would result in cooler temperatures on Earth. Ice sheets would advance, thereby increasing Earth's overall albedo and further cooling Earth's surface.

Circulation in the atmosphere is influenced by whether the planetary body is rotating or nonrotating. Sort the following features by whether they apply to a rotating Earth, a nonrotating Earth, or neither.

Non rotating: -all surface air flows toward the equator -one pair of convec cells Rotating: -equatorial and subpolar air -presence of trade winds -three pairs of convec cells Neither: -all surface air flows poleward -air sinks at equator

Which of the following features in illustrated in the photo? Sea Ice Ribbons Sea Ice Iceberg Ice Floes Pancake Ice

Pancake Ice

How are rain patterns different near warm and cold fronts?

Rain near a cold front occurs over a smaller spatial area and is more intense than near a warm front.

Where does rain occur in a cold front?

Rain occurs along and behind a cold front.

Where does rain occur in a warm front?

Rain occurs along and in front of a warm front.

Why does rain occur near a cold front? Rising warm air warms, resulting in cloud formation and rain. Falling cold air cools, resulting in cloud formation and rain. Falling cold air warms, resulting in cloud formation and rain. Rising warm air cools, resulting in cloud formation and rain

Rising warm air cools, resulting in cloud formation and rain

Why does rain occur near a warm front?

Rising warm air cools, resulting in could formation and rain.

Why is heavy rain associated with hurricane formation? Rising, dry air warms. As air warms, water condenses and eventually falls. Rising, moist air warms. As air warms, water condenses and eventually falls. Rising, dry air cools. As air cools, water is collected and eventually falls. Rising, moist air cools. As air cools, water condenses and eventually falls. Rising, moist air warms. As air warms, water is collected and eventually falls.

Rising, moist air cools. As air cools, water condenses and eventually falls.

How does the location of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) change over time The ITCZ migrates south of the equator in Northern Hemisphere winter and north of the equator in Northern Hemisphere summer. The ITCZ migrates south of the equator in winter and north of the equator in summer. The ITCZ migrates north of the equator in winter and south of the equator in summer. The ITCZ migrates north of the equator in Northern Hemisphere winter and south of the equator in Northern Hemisphere summer.

The ITCZ migrates south of the equator in Northern Hemisphere winter and north of the equator in Northern Hemisphere summer.

Which of the following statements about the Coriolis effect is correct? -The Coriolis effect is strongest between the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn. -The maximum Coriolis effect is at the equator, and there is no Coriolis effect at the poles. -There is no Coriolis effect for objects moving due south from the equator. -The magnitude of the Coriolis effect depends on how long the object is in motion.

The magnitude of the Coriolis effect depends on how long the object is in motion

A jet stream generally diverges above a low-pressure (warm) center. However, at Earth's surface, air converges at a low-pressure center. If the divergence of the jet stream is greater than the convergence of air at the surface low-pressure center below it, what will happen to the surface winds? The surface winds will not change. The surface winds will likely get weaker. The surface winds will likely get stronger. The surface winds will begin to move downward.

The surface winds will likely get stronger.

Which of the following statements about water temperatures at 25° N, 84° W from August 25 to August 30 is correct? The temperature decreased from 35°C to 20°C. The temperature decreased from 32°C to 27°C. The temperature did not show any change. The temperature increased from 27°C to 32°C.

The temperature decreased from 32°C to 27°C.

What determines whether a front is called a cold front or a warm front?

The type of front is determined by which air mass is moving.

What is the air that sinks at latitudes of 30 degrees north and south like? -This air is warm and dry. -This air is cool and wet. -This air is warm and wet. -This air is cool and dry.

This air is cool and dry.

The wind belt(s) with strong, reliable, generally easterly winds is (are) the: polar easterlies. westerlies. trade winds. horse latitudes. doldrums

Trade winds

The percentage of solar radiation reflected from the surface of Earth back into space is known as the __________. ecliptic albedo equinox solar footprint declination

albedo

Which of the following associations between hurricanes—also known as typhoons and cyclones—and wind direction is most accurate? -an east-to-west movement of hurricanes and easterly winds in the eastern Pacific between 10° and 20° degrees south latitude -a west-to-east movement of hurricanes and easterly winds in the western Pacific between 10° and 20° degrees north latitude -an east-to-west movement of hurricanes and westerly winds in the eastern Pacific between 10° and 20° degrees north latitude -an east-to-west movement of hurricanes and easterly winds in the eastern Atlantic between 10° and 20° degrees south latitude -an east-to-west movement of hurricanes and easterly winds in the western Atlantic between 10° and 20° degrees north latitude

an east-to-west movement of hurricanes and easterly winds in the western Atlantic between 10° and 20° degrees north latitude

Which areas of Earth experience the most precipitation? areas near the subtropical highs areas near the ITCZ areas near the polar front

areas near the ITCZ

Which of the following locations has/have the potential to reliably harness wind power as a renewable energy source? Choose all that apply. -along the equator -between 5 and 30 degrees latitude -around 30 degrees latitude -between 30 and 60 degrees latitude -at the poles

between 5 and 30 degrees latitude between 30 and 60 degrees latitude

Which of the following temperature and humidity conditions are most likely to be experienced in eastern Iowa after the cold front passes? -warm and dry -cold and dry -cold and humid -warm and humid -hot and humid

cool and dry

Which of the following names mean "tropical cyclone?" cyclone monsoon tornado hurricane typhoon

cyclone typhoon hurricane

Where are Hadley cells found? in the atmosphere near the poles in the water near the poles in the water near the equator in the atmosphere near the equator

in the atmosphere near the equator

A person experiences a popping feeling in their ears during the takeoff or landing of an airplane or while driving on steep mountain roads due to changes in the ________ of the atmosphere. water vapor content pressure density temperature movement

pressure

The majority of the world's tropical cyclones are formed in the waters north of the equator in the ________ Ocean. western Indian eastern Pacific western Pacific eastern Atlantic western Atlantic

western Pacific

This image shows Earth's orbit around the Sun. Correctly match the letters with the positions of Earth (Northern Hemisphere perspective).

• 1. B: Summer solstice • 2. A: Vernal equinox • 3. C: Winter solstice • 4. D: Autumnal equinox

The image below shows Earth's position during the Northern Hemisphere summer. Correctly match the following latitudes with the corresponding letters.

• 1. B: Tropic of Capricorn • 2. D: Arctic Circle • 3. A: Equator • 4. C: Tropic of Cancer • 5. E: Antarctic Circle