OCE1001 CHP 6

The autumnal equinox occurs when the Sun is directly overhead along the equator in March. (T/F)

FALSE

The trade winds can be found between 30° and 60°N and S latitudes. (F/T)

FALSE

Within the troposphere, the atmosphere gets warmer with increasing altitude. (T/F)

FALSE

The Trade Winds are one type of prevailing wind pattern. How many other types of prevailing winds are there among earth's global wind patterns? -1 -5 -3 -2 -4

-2

The temperate regions are characterized by: -tropical cyclones. -westerly winds. -easterly winds. -high pressure. -trade winds.

-westerly winds.

How does an end moraine form? -Pieces of rock are transported to the front of a glacier as water within the glacier moves. -Pieces of rock are pushed in front of a glacier as the glacier melts. -Pieces of rock are pushed in front of a glacier as the glacier moves. -Pieces of rock are transported to the front of a glacier as ice within the glacier moves.

-Pieces of rock are transported to the front of a glacier as ice within the glacier moves.

Which of the following are valid names of boundaries between global wind belts or at the poles? -the ozone layer -the polar high -the horse latitudes -the jet stream -the polar front -the doldrums

-the polar high -the horse latitudes -the polar front -the doldrums

Please identify the word and/or phrase that does NOT fit the pattern A. nitrogen B. albedo C. oxygen D. troposphere E. water vapor

B. albedo

Please identify the word and/or phrase that does NOT fit the pattern. A. maximum sustained winds B. minimum central pressure C. sea surface salinity D. storm surge E. storm diameter

C. sea surface salinity

A maritime polar air mass is likely to be dry and cold. (T/F)

FALSE

The Coriolis effect describes how moving objects on Earth appear to follow curved paths due to Earth's rotation. (T/F)

TRUE

The angle at which direct sunlight strikes the ocean's surface is important in determining the amount of solar energy that is absorbed. (T/F)

TRUE

The large atmospheric circulation cells that occur between the equator and 30° latitude in each hemisphere re called Hadley cells. (T/F)

TRUE

In the eastern Pacific of the Northern Hemisphere, which ocean temperatures are associated with the most hurricanes? -above 30° Celsius -27° to 29° Celsius -24° to 26° Celsius -21° to 23° Celsius -less than 20° Celsius

-27° to 29° Celsius

The average albedo of Earth's surface is about: -3%. -90%. -30%. -67%. -50%.

-30%.

Of the following physical properties of the atmosphere, which is/are true? -Air always moves from high-pressure regions toward low-pressure regions. -The troposphere is heated from above because it is closer to the Sun at high altitudes. -Warm air holds more water vapor than cool air. -Cool air is less dense than warm air, and so cool air rises. -Low pressure at the surface is associated with rising air (movement away from the surface). -The air temperature is warmer near Earth's surface than in the upper part of the troposphere.

-Air always moves from high-pressure regions toward low-pressure regions. -Warm air holds more water vapor than cool air. -Low pressure at the surface is associated with rising air (movement away from the surface). -The air temperature is warmer near Earth's surface than in the upper part of the troposphere.

Why does wind between the equator and 30 degrees south come out of the southeast? -Cooled air moves north toward the equator and is deflected toward the east by the Coriolis effect. -Cooled air moves south toward the equator and is deflected toward the west by the Coriolis effect. -Cooled air moves east toward the equator and is deflected toward the north by the Coriolis effect. -Cooled air moves north toward the equator and is deflected toward the west by the Coriolis effect. -Cooled air moves west toward the equator and is deflected toward the south by the Coriolis effect.

-Cooled air moves north toward the equator and is deflected toward the west by the Coriolis effect.

The apparent deflection of air masses to the right or left (depending on latitude) as they move from one latitude to another is called the: -Coriolis effect. -Hadley cell. -Cyclonic effect. -Saffir-Simpson scale. -Ekman spiral.

-Coriolis effect.

Why does air tend to rise in equatorial regions? -Equatorial regions receive less indirect sunlight than other areas. -Equatorial regions receive more direct sunlight than other areas. -Equatorial regions receive less direct sunlight than other areas. -Equatorial regions receive more indirect sunlight than other areas.

-Equatorial regions receive more direct sunlight than other areas.

Under what conditions will the front of a glacier remain stationary? -Glacial fronts remain stationary when melting and snow accumulation are unequal. -Glacial fronts remain stationary when melting and snow accumulation are equal. -Glacial fronts remain stationary when friction exceeds gravitational forces. -Glacial fronts remain stationary when gravitational forces exceed friction.

-Glacial fronts remain stationary when melting and snow accumulation are equal.

How are rain patterns different near warm and cold fronts? -Rain near a cold front occurs over a smaller spatial area and is less intense than near a warm front. -Rain near a cold front occurs over a smaller spatial area and is more intense than near a warm front. -Rain near a cold front occurs over a wider spatial area and is more intense than near a warm front. -Rain near a cold front occurs over a wider spatial area and is less intense than near a warm front.

-Rain near a cold front occurs over a smaller spatial area and is more intense than near a warm front.

Where does rain occur in a cold front? -Rain occurs along and to the left of a cold front. -Rain occurs along and in front of a cold front. -Rain occurs along and behind a cold front. -Rain occurs along and to the right of a cold front.

-Rain occurs along and behind a cold front.

Where does rain occur in a warm front? -Rain occurs along and to the right of a warm front. -Rain occurs along and to the left of a warm front. -Rain occurs along and in front of a warm front. -Rain occurs along and behind a warm front.

-Rain occurs along and in front of a warm front.

Why does rain occur near a cold front? -Falling cold air cools, resulting in cloud formation and rain. -Falling cold air warms, resulting in cloud formation and rain. -Rising warm air warms, resulting in cloud formation and rain. -Rising warm air cools, resulting in cloud formation and rain.

-Rising warm air cools, resulting in cloud formation and rain.

Why does rain occur near a warm front? -Rising warm air warms, resulting in cloud formation and rain. -Falling cold air cools, resulting in cloud formation and rain. -Rising warm air cools, resulting in cloud formation and rain. -Falling cold air warms, resulting in cloud formation and rain.

-Rising warm air cools, resulting in cloud formation and rain.

The intensity of tropical cyclones is measured by meteorologists using the __________ scale. -Mohs -Saffir-Simpson -Wentworth -Beaufort -Mercali

-Saffir-Simpson

The strength of a hurricane is ranked from 1 to 5 on the: -Saffir-Simpson Scale. -Richter Scale. -Moh's Scale. -Coriolis Scale. -Fujita Scale.

-Saffir-Simpson Scale.

How does the Coriolis effect cause the atmosphere to move around high and low pressures in the Northern Hemisphere? -The Coriolis effect causes air to move clockwise around low pressure. -The Coriolis effect causes air to move counterclockwise around high pressure. -The Coriolis effect causes air to move counterclockwise around low pressure. -The Coriolis effect causes air to move clockwise around high pressure. -The Coriolis effect does not cause air to move in a circular pattern around either high or low pressures.

-The Coriolis effect causes air to move counterclockwise around low pressure. -The Coriolis effect causes air to move clockwise around high pressure.

How does the location of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) change over time? -The ITCZ migrates south of the equator in Northern Hemisphere winter and north of the equator in Northern Hemisphere summer. -The ITCZ migrates south of the equator in winter and north of the equator in summer. -The ITCZ migrates north of the equator in winter and south of the equator in summer. -The ITCZ migrates north of the equator in Northern Hemisphere winter and south of the equator in Northern Hemisphere summer.

-The ITCZ migrates south of the equator in Northern Hemisphere winter and north of the equator in Northern Hemisphere summer.

Of the following statements about the doldrums, which is/are true? -The doldrums are an area of low atmospheric pressure. -The doldrums are found as a global belt along the equator. -There is usually little wind but a lot of rain associated with the doldrums. -This is also known as the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). -The doldrums are the boundary between the northeast trade winds and the southeast trade winds.

-The doldrums are an area of low atmospheric pressure. -The doldrums are found as a global belt along the equator. -There is usually little wind but a lot of rain associated with the doldrums. -This is also known as the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). -The doldrums are the boundary between the northeast trade winds and the southeast trade winds.

What determines whether a front is called a cold front or a warm front? -The type of front is determined by which air mass is heavier. -The type of front is determined by which air mass is moving. -The type of front is determined by which air mass is higher. -The type of front is determined by which air mass is older. -The type of front is determined by which air mass is larger.

-The type of front is determined by which air mass is moving.

What is the air that sinks at latitudes of 30 degrees north and south like? -This air is warm and dry. -This air is cool and wet. -This air is warm and wet. -This air is cool and dry.

-This air is cool and dry.

Which of the following statements best describes the general relationship between ocean currents and hurricanes? -Cold ocean currents and hurricane paths both broadly move from east to west between 10° and 20° degrees south latitude in the eastern Pacific. -Cold ocean currents and hurricane paths both broadly move from east to west between 10° and 20° degrees north latitude in the western Pacific. -Warm ocean currents and hurricane paths both broadly move from east to west between 10° and 20° degrees north latitude in the eastern Pacific. -Warm ocean currents and hurricane paths both broadly move from west to east between 10° and 20° degrees south latitude in the eastern Atlantic. -Warm ocean currents and hurricane paths both broadly move from west to east between 10° and 20° degrees north latitude in the eastern Atlantic.

-Warm ocean currents and hurricane paths both broadly move from east to west between 10° and 20° degrees north latitude in the eastern Pacific.

In which direction would winds move at the poles if Earth rotated in the opposite direction? -Wind would move toward the northeast at both poles. -Wind would move toward the southeast at both poles. -Wind near the north pole would move to the northwest, and the wind near the south pole would move to the southwest. -Wind near the north pole would move to the northeast, and the wind near the south pole would move to the southeast.

-Wind near the north pole would move to the northeast, and the wind near the south pole would move to the southeast.

Will plucking occur if a glacier is not advancing? -Yes, because glacial ice is still moving inside the glacier even if the glacier's front is not advancing. -No, because snow accumulation and snow melting are equal when a glacier's front is not advancing. -Yes, because snow accumulation and snow melting are equal when a glacier's front is not advancing. -No, because glacial ice is still moving inside the glacier even if the glacier's front is not advancing.

-Yes, because glacial ice is still moving inside the glacier even if the glacier's front is not advancing.

What is an end moraine? -a ridge of debris deposited by glacial meltwater -a flat plain of debris deposited at the end of a glacier -a ridge of debris deposited at the end of a glacier -a flat plain of debris deposited by glacial meltwater

-a ridge of debris deposited at the end of a glacier

What older household item is used in this video to demonstrate the Coriolis effect? a kitchen utensil -a turntable (record player) -oil and vinegar salad dressing -Silly Putty -a can of soda

-a turntable (record player)

The percentage of solar radiation reflected from the surface of Earth back into space is known as the __________. -declination -ecliptic -albedo -equinox -solar footprint

-albedo

Which of the following associations between hurricanes—also known as typhoons and cyclones—and wind direction is most accurate? -an east-to-west movement of hurricanes and easterly winds in the eastern Pacific between 10° and 20° degrees south latitude -a west-to-east movement of hurricanes and easterly winds in the western Pacific between 10° and 20° degrees north latitude -an east-to-west movement of hurricanes and westerly winds in the eastern Pacific between 10° and 20° degrees north latitude -an east-to-west movement of hurricanes and easterly winds in the eastern Atlantic between 10° and 20° degrees south latitude -an east-to-west movement of hurricanes and easterly winds in the western Atlantic between 10° and 20° degrees north latitude

-an east-to-west movement of hurricanes and easterly winds in the western Atlantic between 10° and 20° degrees north latitude

Match the term with the appropriate phrase. Inter-tropical Convergence Zone: -prevailing wind pattern at tropical latitudes -located at 23.5° N latitude -area where warm, moist air rises close to the equator -prevailing wind pattern at polar latitudes -prevailing wind pattern at temperate latitudes

-area where warm, moist air rises close to the equator

Which areas of Earth experience the most precipitation? -areas near the ITCZ -areas near the -subtropical highs -areas near the polar front

-areas near the ITCZ

Winds blowing out of the north toward the south in the southern hemisphere will appear to: -travel in a straight line. -circulate counterclockwise. -circulate clockwise. -be deflected toward the east. -be deflected toward the west.

-be deflected toward the east.

Which of the following is a "greenhouse gas" that composes less than 1% of the atmosphere? -argon -carbon dioxide -nitrogen -oxygen

-carbon dioxide

Which of the following temperature and humidity conditions are most likely to be experienced in eastern Iowa after the cold front passes? -warm and dry -cold and dry -cold and humid -warm and humid -hot and humid

-cold and dry

Earth's polar regions (above 60° latitude) are classified as deserts because __________. -only snow falls in those areas, and snow is not considered to be precipitation -all available water in the polar regions is tied up in glaciers and icecaps -the albedo is too great in those areas -cold, dry sinking air in the polar high regions produces little precipitation -mountains surrounding the polar regions prevent moist air from moving into the areaS

-cold, dry sinking air in the polar high regions produces little precipitation

Of the following characteristics or features, which is/are associated with middle latitude storms, such as those that originate in the North Pacific Ocean between 40 and 60 degrees latitude? -contrasting air masses -the jet stream -the polar front -movement from east to west -the prevailing westerlies

-contrasting air masses -the jet stream -the polar front -the prevailing westerlies

A zone of high atmospheric pressure results when there is relatively __________ air aloft. -dusty -cool, dry -warm, dry -warm, moist -cool, moist

-cool, dry

Low-pressure regions in the northern hemisphere rotate: -counterclockwise. -to the right. -at a 45° angle from the prevailing wind direction. -to the left. -clockwise.

-counterclockwise.

When would you expect the low-pressure cell over the North Pole to be most developed? -during the Northern Hemisphere spring -during the Northern Hemisphere winter -during the Northern Hemisphere fall -during the Northern Hemisphere summer

-during the Northern Hemisphere winter

What drives Hadley cell circulation? -pressure from wind patterns -heating from volcanism -heating from the Sun -pressure from air systems

-heating from the Sun

Where do glaciers form? -in places where more snow falls in the winter than melts away in the summer -in places where more snow falls in the winter than falls in the summer -in places where more snow melts away in the winter than melts away in the summer -in places where more snow falls in the summer than melts away in the winter

-in places where more snow falls in the winter than melts away in the summer

Where are Hadley cells found? -in the atmosphere near the poles -in the water near the equator -in the atmosphere near the equator -in the water near the poles

-in the atmosphere near the equator

After an unfortunate mishap at sea, you find yourself adrift somewhere in the Pacific Ocean. Thankfully, you have some basic knowledge of ideal atmospheric circulation and its influence on climate. Assuming the current weather represents the average climate, where are you if you are experiencing dry, cloudless skies and strong winds coming from the northwest? -just south of 30∘N latitude -just south of 30∘S latitude -at the equator (0∘) -just south of 60∘N latitude -just south of 60∘S latitude

-just south of 30∘S latitude

Match the term with the appropriate phrase. Tropic of Cancer: -area where warm, moist air rises close to the equator -prevailing wind pattern at polar latitudes -prevailing wind pattern at temperate latitudes -prevailing wind pattern at tropical latitudes -located at 23.5° N latitude

-located at 23.5° N latitude

Match the term with the appropriate phrase. Polar easterlies -prevailing wind pattern at tropical latitudes -area where warm, moist air rises close to the equator -prevailing wind pattern at temperate latitudes -located at 23.5° N latitude -prevailing wind pattern at polar latitudes

-prevailing wind pattern at polar latitudes

Even though it's on the same spinning planet, the Coriolis effect influences moving objects and diverts them to the _____ of their intended direction in the Northern Hemisphere and to the _____ of their intended direction in the Southern Hemisphere. -left; right -left; left -right; right -right; left

-right; left

Air warmed by the land that rises and is replaced by cooler air from the ocean may produce a: -tropical cyclone. -typhoon. -cold front. -sea breeze. -land breeze.

-sea breeze.

Which type of ice found in the marine environment does NOT form from freezing seawater? -rafted ice -ice ribbons -ice floes -shelf ice -pancake ice

-shelf ice

Which way would wind travel in the region between 30 and 60 degrees latitude if Earth stopped rotating? -south in the Southern Hemisphere and north in the Northern Hemisphere -west in the Southern Hemisphere and north in the Northern Hemisphere -north in the Southern Hemisphere and south in the Northern Hemisphere -south in the Southern Hemisphere and east in the Northern Hemisphere

-south in the Southern Hemisphere and north in the Northern Hemisphere

The Sun reaches its most northerly point in the sky, directly overhead along the Tropic of Cancer, during the: -ecliptic. -vernal equinox. -winter solstice. -summer solstice. -autumnal equinox.

-summer solstice.

The two factors that are most important in determining the density of air are: -carbon dioxide and water vapor content. -temperature and salinity. -temperature and water vapor content. -nitrogen and water vapor content. -temperature and ozone.

-temperature and water vapor content.

What term is used to describe the effect on air movement produced by Earth's rotation? -the rotation effect -the air-Coriolis effect -the Coriolis effect -the rotation-Coriolis effect -the air-rotation effect

-the Coriolis effect

What is a front? -the boundary between two water masses of different temperatures -the boundary between two water masses of different size -the boundary between two air masses of different temperatures -the boundary between two land masses of different temperatures -the boundary between two air masses of different size

-the boundary between two air masses of different temperatures

What is the snow line? -the elevation above which snow persists throughout the year -the elevation below which snow persists throughout the year -the latitude above which snow persists throughout the year -the line marking the edge of a glacier and snow-free land

-the elevation above which snow persists throughout the year

The thickness of sea ice is limited primarily by __________. -the length of the winter season -increased salinity of the water excluded from the crystal lattice of the sea ice -the insulating nature of the ice itself -heat conducted upward through the water column

-the insulating nature of the ice itself

What is the zone of wastage? -the part of a glacier where water freezing exceeds snow melting -the part of a glacier where snow melting exceeds snow accumulation -the part of a glacier where snow melting exceeds water freezing -the part of a glacier where snow accumulation exceeds snow melting

-the part of a glacier where snow melting exceeds snow accumulation

What two features are many of Earth's deserts associated with? -the subtropical lows and warm ocean currents found along the west coasts of continents -the subtropical highs and cool ocean currents found along the west coasts of continents -the subtropical lows and cool ocean currents found along the west coasts of continents -the subtropical highs and warm ocean currents found along the west coasts of continents

-the subtropical highs and cool ocean currents found along the west coasts of continents

The wind belt(s) with strong, reliable, generally easterly winds is (are) the: -trade winds. -polar easterlies. -westerlies. -horse latitudes.

-trade winds.

Match the term with the appropriate phrase. the boundary between the troposphere and stratosphere: -tropopause -nitrogen (N2) -troposphere -water vapor -convection cell

-tropopause

The lowermost portion of the atmosphere where most weather occurs is called the: -tropopause. -ozone layer. -upper atmosphere. -troposphere. -stratosphere.

-troposphere.

Match the term with the appropriate phrase. most abundant greenhouse gas that also influences air density -troposphere -nitrogen (N2) -tropopause -convection cell -water vapor

-water vapor

The Coriolis effect is _____ at the equator and is _____ at the poles. -zero; strongest -strongest; zero -strongest; strongest -zero; zero

-zero; strongest

An iceberg is a variety of sea ice. (T/F)

FALSE

Warm air can hold more water vapor than cold air. (T/F)

TRUE

he Saffir-Simpson scale rates the relative intensity of tropical cyclones. (T/F)

TRUE