OCEAN 102: Practice Quiz 1

How deep is the ocean, on average?

3000-4000m

Which of the following statements about glaciers is incorrect?

Glaciers only occur in polar regions.

Why does ice float on water?

Ice is less dense than liquid water.

IPCC stands for

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

Island nations like Tuvalu and the Maldives are especially vulnerable to sea level rise because:

The average elevation of the islands is only a few feet above sea level.

Using ice core data, scientists can reconstruct the historical record of all of the following except: 1. Precipitation 2. Volcanic activity 3. temperature 4. frequence of earthquakes 5. wind patterns

frequence of earthquakes

Density of seawater increases as ________.

salinity and pressure increase and temperature decreases

The global averaged land and ocean surface temperature has risen by approximately ________ since 1850. Fill in the blank with the best choise from the list below. 1. 4 degrees C 2. 0.4 degrees C 3. 2 degrees C 4. 0.2 degrees C 5. 1 degree C

1 degree C

Specific heat is defined as the amount of heat needed to rise _________ of a substance by ___________. 1. 10g; 100 degrees C 2. 1 degree C; 1 calorie 3. 1 calorie; 1 degree F 4. 1 g; 1 degree C 5. 100 calories; 10 degrees F

1 gram; 1 degree C

Over the past 600 million years, average global temperatures ranged between ________ and ________. Fill in the blanks with the best word choice from the list below.

12-22 degrees C

Global average sea level has risen by approximately __________ since the 1900's. 1. 20 ft 2. -20m 3. 200mm 4. 200cm

200 mm

What year did Mauna Loa first exceed 400ppm of CO2? 1. 2013 2. 1972 3. 2019 4. 2000

2013

On average, how long does it. take from a parcel of water to travel around the world as a part of the global conveyor belt? 1. There is no water flow from one ocean basin to another. 2. About 10 years 3. About 70-100 days 4. About 700-1000 years 5. Exactly 70-100 years

About 700-1000 years

Which of the following are anthropogenic causes of global climate change? 1. All of the above 2. Emissions from factories 3. Coal Plants 4. Driving cars 5. Deforestation

All of the above

Why are oceans important to climate? 1. They produce oxygen 2. They can store heat 3. They are large and contain a lot of water 4. All of the above 5. They can store anthropogenic carbon

All of the above

The arrangement of the hydrogen and oxygen atoms in a water molecule causes the water molecule to ________.

Be polar

Based on the relative concentrations and time spent in the atmosphere, ________________ is the most important greenhouse gas. Fill in the blank with the best word choice from the list below. 1. Methane; farming 2. Water vapor 3. Carbon Dioxide 4. Chlorofluorocarbons 5. Nitrous oxide

Carbon Dioxide

Which country has the highest CO2 emissions PER CAPITA? 1. China 2. India 3. EU 4. USA 5. Africa

China

Which country has the highest CO2 emissions TOTAL?

China

Which of the following is an example of short-term climatic variation? 1. An Ice Age 2. 24 Hour Blizzard 3. El Niño 4. Hurricane Sandy 5. 100-year drought

El Nino

Extreme weather threatens human health in all of the following ways except:

Extreme weather events can lead to increases in food supply

True of False: Indigenous communities in the Arctic make up the majority of the Arctic population.

False

True or False: The commercial shipping industry would suffer from an ice-free Arctic because the shipping route between the North Pacific and North Atlantic would be much longer.

False

True or False: The rate of global surface temperature increase has been constant since 1850.

False

True or false: Glaciers cover 90% of the worlds land area.

False

True or false: Present-day atmospheric CO2 concentrations and global temperatures are higher than any other time on Earth.

False

True or false: The summer this year has been very mild. This indicates that the climate is not actually warming.

False

Which of the following statements about burricanes is incorrect?

Hurricanes form over cold ocean waters

As global temperatures increase and sea ice melts, the albedo (reflectivity) of the planet is decreased. This will cause temperatures to ________________ and is an example of a ____________ feedback. 1. Increase; negative 2. Decrease; positive 3. Decrease; negative 4. Increase; positive

Increase; positive

Which of the following does not directly contribute to global sea level rise? 1. Melting glaciers 2. Meliting sea ice 3. Thermal expansion of water molecules in the ocean

Melting sea ice

What causes glacier ice to retreat?

More ice melts in the summer than accumulates in the winter.

In the trops, high evaporation of water from the surface of the ocean causes surface waters to become _______________ salty and ______________ dense. Fill in the blanks with the best word choice. 1. Less; less 2. More; more 3. Less; more 4. More; less

More; more

Which of the following does not contribute to the sinking of surface waters in the North Atlantic?

Rainfall

Arctic sea ice provides all of the following ecosystem functions except:

Source of pristine drinking water

Which is the following statments about the IPCC is incorrect.

The IPCC members are paid by the united nations to conduct research on climate change

Why does deep water form at the poles?

The water becomes more dense as it is cooled by the atmosphere.

Over the last 50 years Seattle's average maximum temperature on July 29th has been 76 °F. If today only reaches 74°F, what can we conclude about climate change from this information?

This is not enough information to make any determination about climate change.

What is the greenhouse effect?

Trapping of solar radiation reflected

True or False: According to the. IPCC, it is extremely likely that human influence has been the dominant cause of the observed warming since the mid-20th century.

True

True or False: As earth has warmed over the last century, the oceans have absorbed most of that heat.

True

True or False: Hundreds of millions of people are likely to be impacted by sea level rise of 1 m.

True

True or False: To date, most climate-related sea level rise is attributed to thermal expansion.

True

True or false: Projections suggest that the rate of sea level rise is likely to increase during the 21st Century.

True

The global ocean conveyor belt could slow down if:

a large influx of fresh water entered into the Atlantic from glacial melting

Inuits use sea ice for all of the following except:

boats

All of the following are predicted by models of a future warmer world except:

decreasing sea level at the equator

In the tropics, high evaporation of water from the surface of the ocean causes surface waters to become ____________ salty and _________ dense. Fill in the blanks with the best word choice from the list below.

more; more

Which of the following is not used as a proxy to reconstruct past climate change? 1. Historical records 2. Tree rings 3. Corals 4. Ocean Sediment Cores 5. Snow melt

snow melt