Oceanography Chapter 12
Which of the following plankton are the smallest? 70) _____ A) Bacterioplankton B) Virioplankton C) Zooplankton D) Phytoplankton E) Meroplankton
virioplankton
Which of the following agencies defines life as "Life is a self-sustained chemical system capable of undergoing Darwinian evolution?" 35) _____ A) NOAA B) FBI C) NASA D) POTUS E) EPA
NASA
Nekton are restricted to particular ocean areas by ________. 5) _____ A) differences in water pressure with depth B) changes in salinity C) temperature variations with latitude and depth D) availability of food E) All of the above conditions may restrict the distribution of nekton.
all of the above conditions may restrict the distributions of nekton
Multicellular, eukaryotic organisms that range in complexity from simple sponges to complex vertebrates belong to the kingdom ________. 1) _____ A) Protista B) Fungi C) Animalia D) Archaebacteria E) Plantae
animalia
Which of the following kingdoms also includes humans? 51) _____ A) Animalia B) Archaebacteria C) Eubacteria D) Fungi E) Plantae
animalia
Which of the following kingdoms contains species that range in complexity from simple sponges to complex vertebrates? 50) _____ A) Animalia B) Archaebacteria C) Eubacteria D) Fungi E) Plantae
animalia
Which of the following kingdoms contains the multicelled animals? 49) _____ A) Animalia B) Archaebacteria C) Eubacteria D) Fungi E) Plantae
animalia
Which of the following domains is a group of simple, microscopic, bacteria-like creatures that includes methane producers and sulfur oxidizers that inhabit deep-sea vents and seeps? 41) _____ A) Archaea B) Archaeabacteria C) Bacteria D) Ediacaria E) Eukarya
archaea
Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. 26) _____ A) Archaea B) Animalia C) Protista D) Fungi E) Plantae
archara
When compared to their warmer water counterparts, cold-water plankton often ________. 10) _____ A) are smaller in size B) are larger in size C) exhibit countershading D) have more spines and ornamentation on the cell wall E) reproduce asexually only
are larger in size
Neritic marine environments would be found ________. 21) _____ A) in subduction zones B) associated with continental shelves C) within a deep-sea trench D) at mid-ocean ridges E) deep in the ocean basin
associated with continental shelves
The superkingdoms of life called Eubacteria is identical to which of the following? 39) _____ A) Archaea B) Archaeabacteria C) Bacteria D) Ediacaria E) Eukarya
bacteria
Which of the following domains includes simple life-forms with cells that usually lack a nucleus? 40) _____ A) Archaea B) Archaeabacteria C) Bacteria D) Ediacaria E) Eukarya
bacteria
Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. 30) _____ A) Bathypelagic B) Abyssopelagic C) Mesopelagic D) Epipelagic E) Benthopelagic
bathypelagic
Organisms with small bodies, extremely large mouths, and sharp teeth are likely to be found in the ________. 24) _____ A) intertidal zone B) photic zone C) bathypelagic zone D) epipelagic zone E) neritic province
bathypelagic zone
The sublittoral (subtidal) zone is the area ________. 25) _____ A) below the intertidal zone on the continental shelf B) between the highest high tide and the lowest low tide C) where demersal and pelagic organisms are found D) above the highest tide E) beyond the continental shelf
below the intertidal zone on the continental shelf
Most marine species are found in the ________. 7) _____ A) mesopelagic environment B) bathypelagic environment C) oceanic environment D) pelagic environment E) benthic environment
benthic environment
Ninety eight percent of marine species belong to which of the following? 79) _____ A) Plankton B) Benthos C) Fungi D) Plantae E) Nekton
benthos
Which of the following terms describes organisms living on or in the ocean bottom? 78) _____ A) Fungi B) Plankton C) Benthos D) Nekton E) Plantae
benthos
Organisms of the mesopelagic zone are characterized by ________. 23) _____ A) no eyes B) bioluminescence C) large, sensitive eyes D) bioluminescence and large, sensitive eyes E) bioluminescence and no eyes
bioluminescence and large, sensitive eyes
Which of the following is the most specific taxonomic grouping shared by humans and common dolphins? 58) _____ A) Order B) ClassC) Family D) Genus E) Phylum
class
Which of the following is the most specific taxonomic grouping shared by humans and killer whales? 59) _____ A) Family B) Genus C) Class D) Order E) Phylum
class
A good working definition of life does not need to incorporate that living things ________. 36) _____ A) contain carbon in their chemical makeup B) are capable of reproduction C) can capture, store, and transmit energy D) can change through time E) can adapt to their environment
contain carbon in their chemical make-up
The color pattern in which marine organisms are light on the bottom and dark on the top of their bodies camouflaging them against the water-air interface is ________. 19) _____ A) countershading B) cryptic coloration C) disruptive coloration D) defensive coloration E) warning coloration
countershading
Osmotic pressure increases as the ________. 16) _____ A) difference in salinity decreases B) difference in salinity increases C) difference in temperature increases D) temperature increases E) salinity increases
difference in salinity increases
The movement of a substance in solution from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration across a selectively permeable membrane in a living organism is called ________. 15) _____ A) diffusion B) osmosis C) passive transport D) active transport E) Brownian movement
diffusion
Which of the following terms describes organisms living on the surface of the sea floor attached to rocks? 80) _____ A) Benthonektos B) Epifauna C) Infauna D) Nektobenthos E) Planktofauna
epifauna
The euphotic zone is confined to the ________. 22) _____ A) epipelagic zone B) bathypelagic zone C) abyssopelagic zone D) neritic province E) mesopelagic zone
epipelagic zone
Which of the following kingdoms includes single-celled organisms whose cells lack discrete nuclei and the internal organelles? 45) _____ A) Archaebacteria B) Eubacteria C) Fungi D) Plantae E) Protista
eubacteria
Which of the following kingdoms includes the blue-green algae? 46) _____ A) Archaebacteria B) Eubacteria C) Fungi D) Plantae E) Protista
eubacteria
Humans are part of which of the following domains? 44) _____ A) Archaea B) Archaeabacteria C) Bacteria D) Ediacaria E) Eukarya
eukarya
Which of the following domains has cells that house DNA in a discrete nucleus and contain structures that supply energy to build the cell and maintain its functions? 43) _____ A) Archaea B) Archaeabacteria C) Bacteria D) Ediacaria E) Eukarya
eukarya
Which of the following domains includes complex organisms: multicellular plants, multicellular animals, fungi, and protoctists? 42) _____ A) Archaea B) Archaeabacteria C) Bacteria D) Ediacaria E) Eukarya
eukarya
An organism that tolerates a wide range of salinities is referred to as ________. 14) _____ A) isotonic B) hypotonic C) stenohaline D) euryhaline E) hypertonic
euryhaline
Which of the following is the most specific taxonomic grouping shared by common dolphins and killer whales? 60) _____ A) Genus B) ClassC) Order D) Species E) Family
family
Which of the following kingdoms includes 100,000 species of mold and lichen? 52) _____ A) Archaebacteria B) Protista C) Fungi D) Plantae E) Eubacteria
fungi
Which of the following kingdoms includes species that function primarily as decomposers in the marine ecosystem? 54) _____ A) Archaebacteria B) Eubacteria C) Protista D) Fungi E) Animalia
fungi
Which of the following kingdoms includes species that live with cyanobacteria or green algae to form lichen? 53) _____ A) Fungi B) Plantae C) Archaebacteria D) Protista E) Eubacteria
fungi
Organisms that spend their entire lives as plankton are called which of the following? 71) _____ A) Holoplankton B) Virioplankton C) Zooplankton D) Meroplankton E) Phytoplankton
holoplankton
A small size is advantageous for marine organisms because it ________. 8) _____ A) increases the ability to absorb nutrients B) increases the ability of wastes to diffuse out of the organism C) increases thethe ability to absorb nutrients,the ability of wastes to diffuse out of the organism, and also increases the surface area to volume ratio that in turn reduces frictional resistance to sinking D) increases the surface area to volume ratio that in turn reduces frictional resistance to sinking
increases the ability to absorb nutrients, the ability of wastes to diffuse out of the organism, and also increases the surface area to volume ratio that in turn reduces frictional resistance to sinking
The majority of marine invertebrates are ________. 17) _____ A) estuarine B) isotonic with respect to their environment C) adapted to life in the pelagic zone D) hypertonic with respect to their environment E) found only in benthic environments
isotonic with respect to their environment
Which of the following associations is correct?2) _____ A) Kingdom Eubacteria—bacteria in hydrothermal vents B) Kingdom Protista—mushrooms C) Kingdom Plantae—blue-green algae D) Kingdom Fungi—phytoplankton E) Kingdom Animalia—sponges
kingdom plantae- blue-green algae
Which of the following is the most specific taxonomic grouping shared by common dolphins and bat stars? 61) _____ A) Order B) Class C) Family D) Kingdom E) Phylum
kingdon
Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. 28) _____ A) Floating Sargassum B) Seagrasses C) Krill D) Jellyfish E) Zooplankton
krill
An example of an organism that might be part of the infauna is a ________. 6) _____ A) crinoid B) tuna C) lug worm D) bull kelp E) shark
lug worm
Which of the following plankton are the largest? 73) _____ A) Macroplankton B) Phytoplankton C) Picoplankton D) Virioplankton E) Zooplankton
macroplankton
Plankton that measure between 2 to 20 centimeters are classified, based on size, as which of the following? 74) _____ A) Macroplankton B) Phytoplankton C) Picoplankton D) Virioplankton E) Zooplankton
macroplanton
Organisms that spend only part of their lives as plankton are called which of the following? 72) _____ A) Zooplankton B) Holoplankton C) Meroplankton D) Virioplankton E) Phytoplankton
meroplankton
Planktonic organisms that spend part of their life in planktonic form and the rest of their life as either benthos or nekton are called ________. 4) _____ A) macroplankton B) meroplankton C) bacterioplankton D) zooplankton E) holoplankton
meroplankton
The seasonal temperature range in the deep ocean is usually ________. 20) _____ A) between −2° and 32°C B) between 8° and 25°C C) between 2° and 8°C D) between 0° and 15°C E) negligible
negligible
77) Which of the following includes most adult fish, marine mammals, marine reptiles, and some marine invertebrates? 77) _____ A) Benthos B) Plankton C) Plantae D) Nekton E) Animalia
nekton
All animals capable of moving independently of the ocean currents are called ________. 76) _____ A) Animalia B) Plankton C) Benthos D) Plantae E) Nekton
nekton
Which of the following word pairs correctly link a descriptor with the way in which the organism lives in the ocean? 3) _____ A) plankton—bottom-dwelling B) nekton—swim C) benthos—drift D) benthos—swim E) nekton—bottom-dwelling
nekton-swim
Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. 27) _____ A) Picoplankton B) Meroplankton C) Macroplankton D) Nektoplankton E) Holoplankton
nektoplankton
Which of the following is a phytoplankton? 69) _____ A) Foraminifers B) Dinoflagellates C) Radiolarian D) Noctiluca E) Copepod
noctiluca
High-latitude ocean water tends to support large planktonic communities because ________. 11) _____ A) of the longer summer day length B) there is abundant light C) of higher dissolved oxygen and nutrient concentrations D) of higher dissolved carbon dioxide E) there are fewer predators that feed on plankton
of higher dissolved oxygen and nutrient concentrations
Which of the following types of plankton can photosynthesize and produce its own food? 67) _____ A) Holoplankton B) Photoplankton C) Synthoplankton D) Phytoplankton E) Zooplankton
phytoplankton
Plankton that measure between 0.2 to 2 microns are classified, based on size, as which of the following? 75) _____ A) Macroplankton B) Phytoplankton C) Picoplankton D) Virioplankton E) Zooplankton
picoplankton
All organisms that drift with ocean currents are classified as ________. 64) _____ A) plantae B) plankton C) benthos D) nekton E) fungi
plankton
Most of Earth's mass of living organisms consists of which of the following? 66) _____ A) Nekton B) Plankton C) Benthos D) Animalia E) Plantae
plankton
Which of the following kingdoms contains the multicelled plants, all of which photosynthesize? 47) _____ A) Archaebacteria B) Eubacteria C) Fungi D) Plantae E) Protista
plantae
Which of the following kingdoms has only a few species living in the marine environment? 48) _____ A) Protista B) Animalia C) Eubacteria D) Archaebacteria E) Plantae
plantae
Planktonic organisms often have needle-like structures that ________. 9) _____ A) serve as a "skeleton" to support the diatom B) prevent sinking C) increase density D) are used as a defense mechanism E) are used as paddles to catch ocean currents
prevent sinking
Which of the following kingdoms include various types of marine algae and single-celled organisms called protozoa? 56) _____ A) Eubacteria B) Fungi C) Plantae D) Archaebacteria E) Protista
protista
Which of the following kingdoms includes a diverse collection of single-celled and multicelled organisms that have a nucleus? 55) _____ A) Eubacteria B) Protista C) Archaebacteria D) Plantae E) Fungi
protista
Which of the following is a zooplankton? 68) _____ A) Virioplankton B) Coccolithophores C) Diatoms D) Dinoflagellates E) Radiolarian
radiolarian
The fundamental unit of taxonomic classification is the ________. 57) _____ A) Phylum B) Species C) Order D) Genus E) Family
species
Organisms that cannot withstand large changes in temperature are referred to as ________. 13) _____ A) stenothermal B) eurythermal C) estuarine D) isothermal E) euryhaline
stenothermal
Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. 29) _____ A) Suboceanic B) Sublittoral C) Supralittoral D) Subneritic E) Littoral
suboceanic
The single most important factor that determines the distribution of life in the oceanic province is ________. 38) _____ A) temperature B) sunlight C) diffusion D) salinity E) pressure
sunlight
A common body shape that streamlines an organism in the marine environment is a flattened body that ________. 12) _____ A) has a wide, blunt front end B) tapers at the front end C) tapers at the top surface D) tapers at the bottom surface E) tapers at the back end
tapers at the back end
Compared to freshwater fishes, marine fishes ________. 18) _____ A) tend to lose water by osmosis since their internal salt concentration is lower than that of seawater B) drink seawater and produce a large volume of urine C) produce a large volume of dilute urine in an effort to rid their bodies of excess water D) tend to gain water by osmosis since their internal salt concentration is higher than that of seawater E) do not drink seawater in an effort to conserve as much water as possible
tend to lose water by osmosis since their internal salt concentration is lower than that of seawater