Oceanography Chapter 12

Which of the following plankton are the smallest? 70) _____ A) Bacterioplankton B) Virioplankton C) Zooplankton D) Phytoplankton E) Meroplankton

virioplankton

Which of the following agencies defines life as "Life is a self-sustained chemical system capable of undergoing Darwinian evolution?" 35) _____ A) NOAA B) FBI C) NASA D) POTUS E) EPA

NASA

Nekton are restricted to particular ocean areas by ________. 5) _____ A) differences in water pressure with depth B) changes in salinity C) temperature variations with latitude and depth D) availability of food E) All of the above conditions may restrict the distribution of nekton.

all of the above conditions may restrict the distributions of nekton

Multicellular, eukaryotic organisms that range in complexity from simple sponges to complex vertebrates belong to the kingdom ________. 1) _____ A) Protista B) Fungi C) Animalia D) Archaebacteria E) Plantae

animalia

Which of the following kingdoms also includes humans? 51) _____ A) Animalia B) Archaebacteria C) Eubacteria D) Fungi E) Plantae

animalia

Which of the following kingdoms contains species that range in complexity from simple sponges to complex vertebrates? 50) _____ A) Animalia B) Archaebacteria C) Eubacteria D) Fungi E) Plantae

animalia

Which of the following kingdoms contains the multicelled animals? 49) _____ A) Animalia B) Archaebacteria C) Eubacteria D) Fungi E) Plantae

animalia

Which of the following domains is a group of simple, microscopic, bacteria-like creatures that includes methane producers and sulfur oxidizers that inhabit deep-sea vents and seeps? 41) _____ A) Archaea B) Archaeabacteria C) Bacteria D) Ediacaria E) Eukarya

archaea

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. 26) _____ A) Archaea B) Animalia C) Protista D) Fungi E) Plantae

archara

When compared to their warmer water counterparts, cold-water plankton often ________. 10) _____ A) are smaller in size B) are larger in size C) exhibit countershading D) have more spines and ornamentation on the cell wall E) reproduce asexually only

are larger in size

Neritic marine environments would be found ________. 21) _____ A) in subduction zones B) associated with continental shelves C) within a deep-sea trench D) at mid-ocean ridges E) deep in the ocean basin

associated with continental shelves

The superkingdoms of life called Eubacteria is identical to which of the following? 39) _____ A) Archaea B) Archaeabacteria C) Bacteria D) Ediacaria E) Eukarya

bacteria

Which of the following domains includes simple life-forms with cells that usually lack a nucleus? 40) _____ A) Archaea B) Archaeabacteria C) Bacteria D) Ediacaria E) Eukarya

bacteria

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. 30) _____ A) Bathypelagic B) Abyssopelagic C) Mesopelagic D) Epipelagic E) Benthopelagic

bathypelagic

Organisms with small bodies, extremely large mouths, and sharp teeth are likely to be found in the ________. 24) _____ A) intertidal zone B) photic zone C) bathypelagic zone D) epipelagic zone E) neritic province

bathypelagic zone

The sublittoral (subtidal) zone is the area ________. 25) _____ A) below the intertidal zone on the continental shelf B) between the highest high tide and the lowest low tide C) where demersal and pelagic organisms are found D) above the highest tide E) beyond the continental shelf

below the intertidal zone on the continental shelf

Most marine species are found in the ________. 7) _____ A) mesopelagic environment B) bathypelagic environment C) oceanic environment D) pelagic environment E) benthic environment

benthic environment

Ninety eight percent of marine species belong to which of the following? 79) _____ A) Plankton B) Benthos C) Fungi D) Plantae E) Nekton

benthos

Which of the following terms describes organisms living on or in the ocean bottom? 78) _____ A) Fungi B) Plankton C) Benthos D) Nekton E) Plantae

benthos

Organisms of the mesopelagic zone are characterized by ________. 23) _____ A) no eyes B) bioluminescence C) large, sensitive eyes D) bioluminescence and large, sensitive eyes E) bioluminescence and no eyes

bioluminescence and large, sensitive eyes

Which of the following is the most specific taxonomic grouping shared by humans and common dolphins? 58) _____ A) Order B) ClassC) Family D) Genus E) Phylum

class

Which of the following is the most specific taxonomic grouping shared by humans and killer whales? 59) _____ A) Family B) Genus C) Class D) Order E) Phylum

class

A good working definition of life does not need to incorporate that living things ________. 36) _____ A) contain carbon in their chemical makeup B) are capable of reproduction C) can capture, store, and transmit energy D) can change through time E) can adapt to their environment

contain carbon in their chemical make-up

The color pattern in which marine organisms are light on the bottom and dark on the top of their bodies camouflaging them against the water-air interface is ________. 19) _____ A) countershading B) cryptic coloration C) disruptive coloration D) defensive coloration E) warning coloration

countershading

Osmotic pressure increases as the ________. 16) _____ A) difference in salinity decreases B) difference in salinity increases C) difference in temperature increases D) temperature increases E) salinity increases

difference in salinity increases

The movement of a substance in solution from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration across a selectively permeable membrane in a living organism is called ________. 15) _____ A) diffusion B) osmosis C) passive transport D) active transport E) Brownian movement

diffusion

Which of the following terms describes organisms living on the surface of the sea floor attached to rocks? 80) _____ A) Benthonektos B) Epifauna C) Infauna D) Nektobenthos E) Planktofauna

epifauna

The euphotic zone is confined to the ________. 22) _____ A) epipelagic zone B) bathypelagic zone C) abyssopelagic zone D) neritic province E) mesopelagic zone

epipelagic zone

Which of the following kingdoms includes single-celled organisms whose cells lack discrete nuclei and the internal organelles? 45) _____ A) Archaebacteria B) Eubacteria C) Fungi D) Plantae E) Protista

eubacteria

Which of the following kingdoms includes the blue-green algae? 46) _____ A) Archaebacteria B) Eubacteria C) Fungi D) Plantae E) Protista

eubacteria

Humans are part of which of the following domains? 44) _____ A) Archaea B) Archaeabacteria C) Bacteria D) Ediacaria E) Eukarya

eukarya

Which of the following domains has cells that house DNA in a discrete nucleus and contain structures that supply energy to build the cell and maintain its functions? 43) _____ A) Archaea B) Archaeabacteria C) Bacteria D) Ediacaria E) Eukarya

eukarya

Which of the following domains includes complex organisms: multicellular plants, multicellular animals, fungi, and protoctists? 42) _____ A) Archaea B) Archaeabacteria C) Bacteria D) Ediacaria E) Eukarya

eukarya

An organism that tolerates a wide range of salinities is referred to as ________. 14) _____ A) isotonic B) hypotonic C) stenohaline D) euryhaline E) hypertonic

euryhaline

Which of the following is the most specific taxonomic grouping shared by common dolphins and killer whales? 60) _____ A) Genus B) ClassC) Order D) Species E) Family

family

Which of the following kingdoms includes 100,000 species of mold and lichen? 52) _____ A) Archaebacteria B) Protista C) Fungi D) Plantae E) Eubacteria

fungi

Which of the following kingdoms includes species that function primarily as decomposers in the marine ecosystem? 54) _____ A) Archaebacteria B) Eubacteria C) Protista D) Fungi E) Animalia

fungi

Which of the following kingdoms includes species that live with cyanobacteria or green algae to form lichen? 53) _____ A) Fungi B) Plantae C) Archaebacteria D) Protista E) Eubacteria

fungi

Organisms that spend their entire lives as plankton are called which of the following? 71) _____ A) Holoplankton B) Virioplankton C) Zooplankton D) Meroplankton E) Phytoplankton

holoplankton

A small size is advantageous for marine organisms because it ________. 8) _____ A) increases the ability to absorb nutrients B) increases the ability of wastes to diffuse out of the organism C) increases thethe ability to absorb nutrients,the ability of wastes to diffuse out of the organism, and also increases the surface area to volume ratio that in turn reduces frictional resistance to sinking D) increases the surface area to volume ratio that in turn reduces frictional resistance to sinking

increases the ability to absorb nutrients, the ability of wastes to diffuse out of the organism, and also increases the surface area to volume ratio that in turn reduces frictional resistance to sinking

The majority of marine invertebrates are ________. 17) _____ A) estuarine B) isotonic with respect to their environment C) adapted to life in the pelagic zone D) hypertonic with respect to their environment E) found only in benthic environments

isotonic with respect to their environment

Which of the following associations is correct?2) _____ A) Kingdom Eubacteria—bacteria in hydrothermal vents B) Kingdom Protista—mushrooms C) Kingdom Plantae—blue-green algae D) Kingdom Fungi—phytoplankton E) Kingdom Animalia—sponges

kingdom plantae- blue-green algae

Which of the following is the most specific taxonomic grouping shared by common dolphins and bat stars? 61) _____ A) Order B) Class C) Family D) Kingdom E) Phylum

kingdon

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. 28) _____ A) Floating Sargassum B) Seagrasses C) Krill D) Jellyfish E) Zooplankton

krill

An example of an organism that might be part of the infauna is a ________. 6) _____ A) crinoid B) tuna C) lug worm D) bull kelp E) shark

lug worm

Which of the following plankton are the largest? 73) _____ A) Macroplankton B) Phytoplankton C) Picoplankton D) Virioplankton E) Zooplankton

macroplankton

Plankton that measure between 2 to 20 centimeters are classified, based on size, as which of the following? 74) _____ A) Macroplankton B) Phytoplankton C) Picoplankton D) Virioplankton E) Zooplankton

macroplanton

Organisms that spend only part of their lives as plankton are called which of the following? 72) _____ A) Zooplankton B) Holoplankton C) Meroplankton D) Virioplankton E) Phytoplankton

meroplankton

Planktonic organisms that spend part of their life in planktonic form and the rest of their life as either benthos or nekton are called ________. 4) _____ A) macroplankton B) meroplankton C) bacterioplankton D) zooplankton E) holoplankton

meroplankton

The seasonal temperature range in the deep ocean is usually ________. 20) _____ A) between −2° and 32°C B) between 8° and 25°C C) between 2° and 8°C D) between 0° and 15°C E) negligible

negligible

77) Which of the following includes most adult fish, marine mammals, marine reptiles, and some marine invertebrates? 77) _____ A) Benthos B) Plankton C) Plantae D) Nekton E) Animalia

nekton

All animals capable of moving independently of the ocean currents are called ________. 76) _____ A) Animalia B) Plankton C) Benthos D) Plantae E) Nekton

nekton

Which of the following word pairs correctly link a descriptor with the way in which the organism lives in the ocean? 3) _____ A) plankton—bottom-dwelling B) nekton—swim C) benthos—drift D) benthos—swim E) nekton—bottom-dwelling

nekton-swim

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. 27) _____ A) Picoplankton B) Meroplankton C) Macroplankton D) Nektoplankton E) Holoplankton

nektoplankton

Which of the following is a phytoplankton? 69) _____ A) Foraminifers B) Dinoflagellates C) Radiolarian D) Noctiluca E) Copepod

noctiluca

High-latitude ocean water tends to support large planktonic communities because ________. 11) _____ A) of the longer summer day length B) there is abundant light C) of higher dissolved oxygen and nutrient concentrations D) of higher dissolved carbon dioxide E) there are fewer predators that feed on plankton

of higher dissolved oxygen and nutrient concentrations

Which of the following types of plankton can photosynthesize and produce its own food? 67) _____ A) Holoplankton B) Photoplankton C) Synthoplankton D) Phytoplankton E) Zooplankton

phytoplankton

Plankton that measure between 0.2 to 2 microns are classified, based on size, as which of the following? 75) _____ A) Macroplankton B) Phytoplankton C) Picoplankton D) Virioplankton E) Zooplankton

picoplankton

All organisms that drift with ocean currents are classified as ________. 64) _____ A) plantae B) plankton C) benthos D) nekton E) fungi

plankton

Most of Earth's mass of living organisms consists of which of the following? 66) _____ A) Nekton B) Plankton C) Benthos D) Animalia E) Plantae

plankton

Which of the following kingdoms contains the multicelled plants, all of which photosynthesize? 47) _____ A) Archaebacteria B) Eubacteria C) Fungi D) Plantae E) Protista

plantae

Which of the following kingdoms has only a few species living in the marine environment? 48) _____ A) Protista B) Animalia C) Eubacteria D) Archaebacteria E) Plantae

plantae

Planktonic organisms often have needle-like structures that ________. 9) _____ A) serve as a "skeleton" to support the diatom B) prevent sinking C) increase density D) are used as a defense mechanism E) are used as paddles to catch ocean currents

prevent sinking

Which of the following kingdoms include various types of marine algae and single-celled organisms called protozoa? 56) _____ A) Eubacteria B) Fungi C) Plantae D) Archaebacteria E) Protista

protista

Which of the following kingdoms includes a diverse collection of single-celled and multicelled organisms that have a nucleus? 55) _____ A) Eubacteria B) Protista C) Archaebacteria D) Plantae E) Fungi

protista

Which of the following is a zooplankton? 68) _____ A) Virioplankton B) Coccolithophores C) Diatoms D) Dinoflagellates E) Radiolarian

radiolarian

The fundamental unit of taxonomic classification is the ________. 57) _____ A) Phylum B) Species C) Order D) Genus E) Family

species

Organisms that cannot withstand large changes in temperature are referred to as ________. 13) _____ A) stenothermal B) eurythermal C) estuarine D) isothermal E) euryhaline

stenothermal

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. 29) _____ A) Suboceanic B) Sublittoral C) Supralittoral D) Subneritic E) Littoral

suboceanic

The single most important factor that determines the distribution of life in the oceanic province is ________. 38) _____ A) temperature B) sunlight C) diffusion D) salinity E) pressure

sunlight

A common body shape that streamlines an organism in the marine environment is a flattened body that ________. 12) _____ A) has a wide, blunt front end B) tapers at the front end C) tapers at the top surface D) tapers at the bottom surface E) tapers at the back end

tapers at the back end

Compared to freshwater fishes, marine fishes ________. 18) _____ A) tend to lose water by osmosis since their internal salt concentration is lower than that of seawater B) drink seawater and produce a large volume of urine C) produce a large volume of dilute urine in an effort to rid their bodies of excess water D) tend to gain water by osmosis since their internal salt concentration is higher than that of seawater E) do not drink seawater in an effort to conserve as much water as possible

tend to lose water by osmosis since their internal salt concentration is lower than that of seawater