Oceanography Test 3

Deep ocean water in the Indian Ocean includes Red Sea water which has: A) high salinity and low temperature. B) low temperature and high oxygen. C) high salinity and low oxygen. D) low salinity and low oxygen. E) low temperature and low salinity

High salinity and low oxygen

Which of the following is not an eastern boundary current? A) Gulf Stream B) Canary Current C) W. Australian Current D) California Current E) Peru Current

Gulf stream

A small size is advantageous for marine organisms because it: A) increases the ability of wastes to diffuse out of the organism. B) increases the surface area to volume ratio that in turn decreases density. C) increases the ability to absorb nutrients. D) All of the above statements are advantageous to marine organisms. E) None of the above statements are advantageous to marine organisms.

All of the above statements are advantageous to marine organisms.

Westward intensification causes: A) equatorial countercurrents. B) a steeper slope of surface water in the western section of the gyre as compare to the eastern section of the gyre. C) the center of the gyre to be shift to the west. D) very swift western boundary currents. E) All of the above statements are the result of westward intensification.

All of the above statements are the result of westward intensification.

When compared to their warmer water counterparts, cold water plankton often: A) exhibit countershading. B) reproduce asexually only. C) are larger in size. D) have more spines and ornamentation on the cell wall. E) are smaller in size

Are larger in size

Which of the following statements concerning bacteria is not true? A) Bacteria can be found living in extreme environments (heat, salinity, cold, etc.). B) Bacteria have a cell membrane and a cell wall. C) Bacteria were the first type of cells to evolve on earth. D) Bacteria lack membrane-bound organelles and a distinct nucleus surrounded by a nuclear membrane. E) Bacteria reproduce asexually only.

Bacteria lack membrane-bound organelles and a distinct nucleus surrounded by a nuclear membrane.

Most marine species are found in a(n): A) mesopelagic environment. B) oceanic environment. C) pelagic environment. D) benthic environment. E) bathypelagic environment.

Benthic environment.

With respect to their marine environment, these organisms can be referred to as: A) nekton. B) benthos. C) heterotrophs. D) predators. E) plankton.

Benthos

Euryhaline organisms: A) are less common than stenohaline organisms. B) tolerate small temperature changes. C) require less oxygen for survival. D) tolerate a narrow range of salinities. E) can survive wide salinity fluctuations.

Can survive wide salinity fluncuations

When a meander from the Gulf Stream pinches off and isolates a body of water within the center of the North Atlantic gyre, the body of water is called a: A) cold core ring. B) Langmuir cell. C) warm core ring. D) cyclonic circulation. E) geostrophic circulation.

Cold core ring

The color pattern in which marine organisms are light on the bottom and dark on the top of their bodies camouflaging them against the water-air interface is: A) defensive coloration. B) disruptive coloration. C) warning coloration. D) countershading. E) cryptic coloration.

Countershading

The El Niño weather pattern is associated with: A) drought and fires in Australia. B) about a 0.5 meter difference in sea surface height between Tahiti and Darwin, Australia. C) trade winds blowing east to west. D) high pressure sitting over coastal Peru. E) cold, nutrient-rich water close to the sea surface near the coast of Peru.

Drought and fires in Australia

The worldwide effect of El Niño include all of the following except: A) increased Pacific cyclone activity. B) drought in the U.S. Gulf coastal states. C) water shortages in Sri Lanka. D) crop failure in the Philippines. E) coral reef deaths in the Pacific Ocean

Drought in the U.S gulf coastal states

An organism that tolerates a wide range of salinities is referred to as: A) isotonic. B) euryhaline. C) hypertonic. D) stenohaline. E) hypotonic.

Euryhaline

During winter months, monsoon winds over the Indian Ocean: A) flow from sea to land and are dry. B) flow from sea to land and are wet. C) flow from land to sea and are dry. D) the direction of airflow is unchanged but precipitation increases. E) flow from land to sea and are wet.

Flow from land to sea and are dry

Multicellular organisms that are comprised of eukaryotic, heterotrophic cells with cell walls would most likely belong to the kingdom: A) Fungi. B) Protista. C) Animalia. D) Plantae. E) Monera.

Fungi

When an organism has the same salt and water concentration as its environment, it is said to be: A) euryhaline. B) stenohaline. C) isotonic. D) hypertonic. E) hypotonic.

Hypotonic

All of the following are adaptive solutions employed by marine organisms to prevent sinking except: A) increasing the surface area to volume ratio. B) decreasing cellular fat content. C) increasing drag in the water. D) building a flotation mechanism such as a gas bladder. E) decreasing density.

Increasing drag in the water

The majority of marine invertebrates are: A) isotonic with respect to their environment. B) found only in benthic environments. C) estuarine. D) hypertonic with respect to their environment. E) adapted to life in the pelagic zone.

Isotonic with respect to their environment.

The seasonal temperature range in the deep ocean is usually: A) between 2° and 8°C. B) between 0° and 15°C. C) between 8° and 25°C. D) between -2°and 32°C. E) negligible.

Negligible

Which marine environment exhibits the greatest species diversity? A) neritic province B) hadal zone C) bathypelagic zone D) epipelagic zone E) littoral zone

Neritic Province

Scientists have concluded that deep Pacific Ocean water is old is due to its low: A) nutrient levels. B) density. C) salinity. D) oxygen levels. E) temperature.

Oxygen levels

The portion of the ocean in which these organisms are most likely to be found is the: A) intertidal zone. B) pelagic zone. C) benthic zone. D) sediment layer. E) estuary.

Pelagic zone

An example of an organism that might be part of the epifauna is a(n): A) feather duster worm. B) bull kelp. C) sea star. D) tuna. E) shark.

Sea star

The unit of measurement used to describe the rate at which a volume of ocean water moves in a current is a(n): A) ft/s2. B) calorie. C) km/h. D) sverdrup. E) ml/g.

Sverdrup

All are true of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current except: A) the Antarctic Circumpolar Current flows in the opposite direction to the East Wind Drift, a current the flows close to the Antarctic continent. B) the Antarctic Circumpolar Current is created by the prevailing winds at that latitude. C) the Antarctic Circumpolar Current flows in a counterclockwise direction around the southern hemisphere at 60o S latitude. D) the Antarctic Circumpolar Current contributes to upwelling off the Antarctic coast producing an area of high primary productivity in Antarctic summer. E) the Antarctic Circumpolar Current contributes to the development of Antarctic bottom water in the Weddell Sea.

The Antarctic Circumpolar Current contributes to the development of Antarctic bottom water in the Weddell Sea.

In the southern hemisphere, the direction of Ekman transport is: A) at a 45o angle from the wind direction. B) to the right of the wind direction. C) perpendicular to the wind direction. D) to the left of the wind direction. E) to the east of the wind direction.

To the left of the wind direction

Which of the following is true of surface water circulation near Antarctica? A) Two circumpolar currents dominate it, one current that moves water to the east and one current that moves water to the west. B) It is dominated by water flow directly away from the polar region toward the north. C) The polar easterlies drive the circulation of water around the Antarctic continent. D) A gyre is formed here. E) The surface ocean has no strong currents.

Two circumpolar currents dominate it, one current that moves water to the east and one current that moves water to the west.

Strong upwelling occurs in all of the following except: A) in the area surrounding the Galapagos Islands. B) between the North and South Equatorial Currents. C) where water is constantly pushed away from a coastline. D) in areas of surface current divergence E) where deep ocean water currents are formed.

Where deep ocean water currents are formed.

Surface ocean circulation is driven primarily by ________ and modified by ________. A) wind; the Coriolis effect and land B) density differences; the Coriolis effect and land C) wind; gravity and density D) density differences; differences in salinity and temperature E) latitude; differences in salinity and land

Wind; the coriolis effect and land