Oceans midterm 2 (pt2)

Indian, South Pacific, North Atlantic, South Atlantic, Gulf of Alaska

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Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: Hurricanes are no longer a threat to life and property around the globe BECAUSE improvements in technology have provided increasingly accurate forecasts and prompt evacuation.

****************

Worldwide, about ________ storms grow to named tropical cyclones status each year.

100

Which of the following is a western boundary current?

Brazil current

Thermohaline Circulation, Density-Driven Circulation, Antarctic Bottom Water, Kuroshio Current, North Atlantic Deep Water

Kuroshio Current doesn't fit

The West Wind Drift is an example of which of the following types of currents?

Southern Boundary Current

The observation of a hill of water within all subtropical gyres is an example of which of the following?

Subtropical convergence

Which of the following powers tropical cyclones?

The vast amounts of latent heat as water evaporates and condenses

Which of the following is true of surface water circulation near Antarctica?

Two circumpolar currents dominate it, one current that moves water to the east and one current that moves water to the west.

Western intensification causes ________.

all of the above

Compared to western boundary currents, eastern boundary currents are ________.

broad and slow

When a meander from the Gulf Stream pinches off and isolates a body of water within the North Atlantic gyre, the body of water is called a ________.

cold core ring

An increase in seawater density can be caused by a ________ in temperature or a/an ________ in salinity .

decrease; increase

Thermohaline circulation is driven by ________.

density differences

Deep ocean currents are driven primarily by ________ and caused by ________.

density differences; differences in salinity and temperature

Which of the following methods are used to measure ocean surface currents indirectly?

doppler flow meters

A tropical cyclone with a wind speed of 260 km/hr. would be classified as Category ________ on the Saffir-Simpson Scale of hurricane intensity.

five

A tropical cyclone with a wind speed of 220 km/hr. would be classified as Category ________ on the Saffir-Simpson Scale of hurricane intensity.

four

Which of the following methods are used to measure deep ocean currents directly?

free-drifting Argo floats

Geostrophic circulation within a gyre is driven by ________.

gravity and the Coriolis effect

Deep-water circulation brings dense, cold, oxygen-rich water from the surface to the deep ocean because of ________.

greater dissolution of oxygen in colder water than warmer water

In coastal regions, sea breezes happen ________ and land breezes happen ________.

in the afternoon; at night

The Ekman spiral is caused by ________.

the wind and the Coriolis effect

Surface waters are pushed away from land and replaced by nutrient-rich deep water through ________.

upwelling

The polar front occurs in which of the following regions?

60 degrees

Identify the mismatched pair from the choices below.

Labrador Current, Humboldt Current

Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: Atmospheric pressure decreases with increasing altitude BECAUSE it depends on the weight of the column of air above.

The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid

Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: In 1900, at least 6000 people in and around Galveston, Texas, were killed in the most deadly natural disaster in the US history BECAUSE the hurricane's storm surge completely submerged the island.

The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid

Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: The air over the continents colder in winter and warmer in summer than the air over adjacent oceans BECAUSE continental rock has a lower heat capacity than seawater.

The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid

Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: The rate of sea ice formation slows as sea ice thickens BECAUSE the ice insulates the underlying water from freezing due to its poor heat conduction.

The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid

Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: Different hemispheres on Earth are tilted more directly toward or away from the Sun during Earth's yearly orbit BECAUSE Earth revolves around the Sun in an elliptical orbit that varies from a perfect circle.

The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid

Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: Sea ice is different from icebergs BECAUSE sea ice is found throughout the year around the margin of Antarctica.

The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid

Which of the following is not one of the names associated with huge rotating masses of low pressure characterized by strong winds and torrential rain?

Vortex

The Agulhas Current is an example of which of the following types of currents?

Western Boundary Current

The Brazil Current is an example of which of the following types of currents?

Western Boundary Current

The East Australian Current is an example of which of the following types of currents?

Western Boundary Current

The Gulf Stream is an example of which of the following types of currents?

Western Boundary Current

The Kuroshio (Japan) Current is an example of which of the following types of currents?

Western Boundary Current

Which subtropical boundary current is faster, narrower and deeper than its counterparts?

Western Boundary Current

The observation that one subtropical boundary current is faster, narrower, and deeper than its counterparts is an example of which of the following?

Western intensification

During winter months, monsoon winds over the Indian Ocean ________.

flow from land to sea and are dry

Deep-water currents move ________ volumes of water and are much ________ than surface currents.

larger; slower

Compared to Antarctic Bottom Water, North Atlantic Deep Water is ________.

lower in oxygen

A tropical cyclone with a wind speed of 150 km/hr. would be classified as Category ________ on the Saffir-Simpson Scale of hurricane intensity.

one

Warm currents flowing ________ on the ________ sides of continents produce warm, humid conditions.

poleward; eastern

Which of the following methods are used to measure ocean surface currents directly?

propeller flow meters

Which of the following is the correct order of formation of sea ice as it forms directly from seawater?

slush, pancake ice, ice floes, sea ice

The air in the center of the eye of the hurricane is ________ air moving ________.

warm moist; downward **********

The air surrounding of the eye of the hurricane is ________ air moving ________.

warm moist; upward **********

Flooding rains in southeastern US, Peruvian upwelling stops, Strong trade winds, Australian drought, Decreased fish stock in coastal Peru

******************

Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: New Orleans is particularly vulnerable to hurricanes like Katrina BECAUSE nearly all of the city's metropolitan area is only five feet above sea level along Lake Pontchartrain.

******************

Peru Current, North Equatorial Current, Kuroshio Current, Somali Current, Gulf Stream

******************

A boundary or belt characterized by cold, dry winds generally from the east, occurs in which of the following regions?

********************

Typically, the United States is influenced more by ________ air masses during the winter and more by ________ air masses during the summer.

*********************

Ocean surface currents transfer about ________ of the total amount of heat from the tropics to the poles.

1/3

About what percent of the wind's energy is transferred to the ocean surface?

2%

A boundary or belt characterized by light, variable winds, dry, clear, fair weather with little precipitation occurs in which of the following regions?

30 degrees

The horse latitudes boundary occurs in which of the following regions?

30 degrees

The major deserts of the world occur in which of the following regions?

30 degrees

The prevailing westerlies occur in which of the following regions?

30 to 60 degrees

A boundary or belt characterized by winds generally from the west and brings storms that influence weather across the United States occurs in which of the following regions?

30-60 degrees

Storms are most common in which of the following regions?

30-60 degrees

A boundary or belt characterized by strong, steady winds, generally from the east occurs in which of the following regions?

5-30 degrees

A boundary or belt characterized by variable winds and stormy, cloudy weather year round occurs in which of the following regions?

60 degrees

A boundary or belt characterized by light, variable winds, abundant cloudiness and much precipitation occurs of the following regions?

60 degrees ***

The polar easterlies occur in which of the following regions?

60-90 degrees

Agulhas Current, Benguela Current, California Current, Canary Current, West Australian Current

Agulhas Current doesn't fit

The arrangement of water masses in the southern Atlantic Ocean from the surface to the bottom is ________.

Antarctic Intermediate Water, North Atlantic Deep Water, Antarctic Bottom Water

Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: The Coriolis force is a true force BECAUSE it accelerates a moving body or air and influences its speed.

Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect

California Current, Canary Current, Gulf Stream, North Atlantic Current, North Equatorial Current

California Current doesn't fit

Compared to an eastern boundary current in a gyre, which of the following statements is true for a western boundary current?

Deeper currents, increased current velocity, warmer water, and narrower current are all true of western boundary currents

Which of the following countries is the world leader (by percentage of its energy use) in wind power?

Denmark ******

The Benguela Current is an example of which of the following types of currents?

Eastern Boundary Current

The California Current is an example of which of the following types of currents?

Eastern Boundary Current

The Canary Current is an example of which of the following types of currents?

Eastern Boundary Current

The Peru (Humboldt) Current is an example of which of the following types of currents?

Eastern Boundary Current

The West Australian Current is an example of which of the following types of currents?

Eastern Boundary Current

The observation that ships and icebergs in the southern hemisphere float to the left of the wind direction is an example of which of the following?

Ekman transport ******

Earth's breeding ground for hurricanes occurs in which of the following regions?

Equatorial (0-5 degrees)

The North Equatorial Current is an example of which of the following types of currents?

Equatorial Current

The South Equatorial Current is an example of which of the following types of currents?

Equatorial Current

Which type of current flow moves in a circular path around a subtropical convergence, reflecting Ekman transport, gravity, and the Coriolis effect?

Geostrophic circulation

Which of the following is NOT an eastern boundary current?

Gulf stream

The North Atlantic Current is an example of which of the following types of currents?

Northern Boundary Current

The North Pacific Current is an example of which of the following types of currents?

Northern Boundary Current

A boundary or belt characterized by cold deserts occurs in which of the following regions?

Poles (90 degrees)

Polar high pressure occurs in which of the following regions?

Poles (90 degrees)

Which of the following statements is true of surface ocean currents?

Surface currents form circular patterns in the major ocean basins called "gyres."

Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: The Hawaiian Islands are safe from tropical cyclones BECAUSE they are islands near the center of a large ocean.

The assertion is incorrect, but the reason is correct

Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: The higher one goes in the atmosphere, the warmer it gets BECAUSE the higher one goes in the atmosphere the closer you are to the Sun.

The assertion is incorrect, but the reason is correct

Which of the following is responsible for 90% of the deaths associated with hurricanes?

storm surge

Which of the following is not a source of deep water in the ocean?

subtropical convergences

The El Niño Southern Oscillation can best be described as ________.

the relationship between sea surface temperature and changing atmospheric pressure

A tropical cyclone with a wind speed of 190 km/hr. would be classified as Category ________ on the Saffir-Simpson Scale of hurricane intensity.

three

In the southern hemisphere, the direction of Ekman transport is always ________.

to the left of the wind direction

Cold currents flowing ________ on the ________ sides of continents produce arid conditions.

toward the equator; western

Equatorial currents are driven by the ________.

trade winds

A tropical cyclone with a wind speed of 170 km/hr. would be classified as Category ________ on the Saffir-Simpson Scale of hurricane intensity.

two

The majority of the world's tropical cyclones are formed in the waters north of the equator in the ________ Ocean.

western pacific

Surface ocean currents are driven primarily by ________ and modified by ________.

wind; the Coriolis effect and land