OCN 150 Final Review

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A full lunar tidal cycle is

24 hours and 50 minutes in duration

The average salinity of typical seawater is

3.5%

The density of sea water increases with _____________________ in temperature and ________________ in salinity.

A decrease; An Increase

Which of the following would you expect to find on a summertime beach?

A wide sandy berm

One major problem associated with the Chesapeake Bay due to increased human pressure is

An increase in nutrients resulting in more frequent kills of bottom dwelling or benthic animals

Sediment is supplied to the costal zone by

All of the above (Sources of sediment, local biological activity, costal erosion, rivers)

Which of the following is not an important control on oceanic sediment accumulation

All of the above factors are important

Sattelites are used to map the ocean floor because

All of the above statements are correct

Western intensification causes

All of the above statements are result of westward intensification

Which of the following statements about the pacific ocean is true

All of the continents could fit in the space occupied by the pacific ocean

Which of the following is designed to prevent or retard shoreline erosion?

All of these are used to prevent shoreline erosion

The point of zero tidal height in a tidal system is called

Amphidromic point

The arrangement of water masses of the southern Atlantic ocean from the surface to the bottom is

Antarctic intermediate water, north Atlantic deep water, antarctic bottom water

The High tide is considered which part of the wave

Crest

IF the side of the earth that faces the moon experiences a high tide then the side of the earth that is opposite of the moon will have a

High Tide

Which property of water causes coastal communities to have only moderate differences in daily highs and lows when compared to inland communities

High heat capacity

Maganese Nodules

Hydrogenous Sediment

Evaporation

Increases seawater salinity

Sea ice formation

Increases seawater salinity

The doldrums refer to the same region as the

Inter-tropical convergence zone

High energy environments are most likely to deposit which one of the following

Large particles such as gravel

Deep water currents move __________________________ volumes of water and much ______________________ surface currents.

Larger; slower

The strength of a hurricane stems from water's

Latent heat condensation

Abyssal Clay

Lithogenous sediment

Tetonic plates are pieces of the _____________ that float on the more fluid___________________________

Lithosphere; asthenosphere

Hurricanes are associated with ________ atmospheric pressure and spin ___________________ in the northern hemisphere.

Low; counterclockwise

The maximum tidal range at the northern end of the Bay Fundy is on the order of 17 meters. This tidal range is considered to be

Macrotidal

Which of the following features is characteristic of an emerging shoreline?

Marine Terrace

Transform faults have all of the following characteristic except

Movement occurs in the same direction

What is NOAA

National Oceanic Atmospheric Agency

What happens when two continental plates converge?

Neither subducts; instead, a mountain range forms.

Sediments found on continental margins are called

Neretic

Ekman Transport

Net water movement to the left or right of the direction of the wind

Gulf Stream

Northern hemisphere, temperate latitudes, warm current.

The most likely place for the basic building blocks of the basic development of life to interact and produce life is in earth's

Oceans

Which of the following statements regarding PH is true?

PH relates to relative acid base ion balance in a solution

Warm currents flowing __________ on the ______________ sides of continents produce warm and humid conditions.

Poleward; Eastern

Westerlies

Prevailing wind pattern at temperate latitudes

Trade winds

Prevailing wind pattern at tropical latitude

An area of the ocean where rapid change in ocean density occurs with a change in depth

Pycnocline

The correct order of the wilson cycle is

Red sea, Atlantic ocean, pacific ocean, Mediterranean sea, himalayan mtns

The difference between centripetal forces and gravitational forces is called

Resultant force

Estuarine circulation associated with a deep high river volume system where no horizontal salinity gradient exists at the surface is called a

Salt Wedge Estuary

What happens when an oceanic and a continental plate converge?

The oceanic plate will be subducted.

Hydrogen bonds form between neighboring water molecules because of

The polarity of water molecules

Relatively few abyssal planes are located in the pacific ocean due to

The presence of convergent active margins

The El Nino Southern Oscillation can be best described as

The relationship between sea surface temperatures and changing atmospheric pressure

THe time between two successive waves is called

Tidal Period

The Vertical difference between constructive high and low tides is called the

Tidal Range

The oceanic climate region where the majority of strong tropical cyclonic storms are produced is

Tropical

A rift valley may be associated with divergent plate boundaries.

True

Abyssal planes are more extensive on the sea floor of the Atlantic ocean basin and is compared to those on the sea floor of the pacific ocean basin.

True

Calcareous shells will not accumulate on the ocean floor when the water depth exceeds about 4500 meters

True

Deep ocean currents often move cold dense water away from the poles

True

Deep water waves move faster than shallow water waves because they are not slowed by friction with the ocean bottom

True

Earth developed the first ocean about 4 billion years ago

True

Independent of the actual salinity the ratio or porportions of the constitutents of seawater such as chloride, sodium, and magnesium are relatively constant

True

Layers of the earth separate based on density differences

True

Oceans with passive plate margins have continental slopes with more gradual slopes than oceans with active plate margins

True

Satellite measurements of the ocean's surface can be used to make maps of the sea floor

True

The Coriolis effect describes how moving objects on earth appear to follow curved paths due to earth's rotation

True

The angle at which direct sunlight strikes the ocean's surface is important in determining the amount of solar energy that is absorbed

True

The main current in Antarctic Waters is the antarctic circumpolar current also called the West Wind Drift

True

The palmico sound body of water between coastal North Carolina and the barrier islands of Cape Hatteras in Croix islands is an example barbell estuary

True

The relatively young age of the sea floor supports the idea that subduction must take place

True

The seaward flow of water through an inlet such as a bay or river due to tidal forces is called an ebb current

True

Water is the only naturally occurring substance on earth that readily exists in all three states of matter simultaneously

True

When spring tides coincide with lunar perigee the tidal range is increased

True

Wind speed duration and fetch are the three conditions necessary to produce a fully developed

True

a Sediment-laden current that flows off the continental shelf is called a turbidity current

True

Spring tide occurs about ____

Twice per month

Surface waters are pushed away from land and replaced by nutrient rich bottom water through

Upwelling

Divergent surface waters are areas of ____________ and _____________ productivity.

Upwelling; high

The scientific method includes all of the following except

Validation of a theory

Which of the following is characteristic of oceanic-oceanic convergent plate boundaries

Volcanic island arcs

All of the following are true of the movement of Earth's atmosphere except

Warm air is less dense than cool air

Waves in the surf zone begin to behave like shallow water waves when

Water depth= WL/20

Geostrophic current

Water flow driven by gravity and modified by the Coriolis force

What was the main reason scientists objected to Alfred Wegener's idea of continental drift?

Wegener's proposed mechanism for movement was thought to violate the laws of physics.

Which US Coast would most likely experience the least amount of shoreline retreat related to a 1M rise in sealevel?

West Coast

The largest wind generated waves tend to be associated with the _________________

West Wind Drift

Neap tides occur

When the lunar bulge is in destructive interference with the solar bulge

Most ocean waves form as a result of

Wind blowing across the ocean surface

Surface ocean currents are driven primarily by __________________ and modified by ____________________________.

Wind; Coriolis Effect and land.

Sediments that are poorly sorted are most likely deposited by

a River delta

A beach is

a deposit of the shore area

Continental Shelf

a generally flat zone extending from the shore to the shelf break

radioactive materials can sometimes be used to determine the

age of rocks

evidence for continental drift includes

all of the above

Oceanic crust is primarily

basalt

Our world ocean can be divided into principal oceans plus an additional ocean based on the ________________ of the ocean basins and the ____________________ of the continents.

depth; elevation

The dissoultion of the thick test of formanifers below the CCD is an example of the _____________________ biogenous sediment.

destruction

The deposition of coarse grained lithogenous materials in neretic environments along continental margins is an example of the _____________________ biogenous sediment

dillution

Plate boundaries where new oceanic crust is being added are called _____________.

divergent boundaries

The Mid Atlantic Ridge is an example of

divergent plate boundary

A geostrophic current is one that ideally flows

in a circular path around the central hill of a gyre

Which of the following is true concerning the deepest part of the ocean

the depth of this trench exceeds the height of mount everest

The fetch refers to _________________

The distance over which the wind blows without interruption

Ocean acidification refers to

The inability to buffer pH changes by the ocean

How is it that the floor of the ocean is so much younger than the ocean itself?

The ocean floor keeps regenerating itself.

the average depth of the world's oceans is approximately

3682 M

When a meander from the Gulf Stream pinches off and isolates a body of water within the North Atlantic Gyre, the body of water is called

A cold core ring

Fossil remains of organisms on land and in sediments can be used to

All of the above

The movement of sand parallel to the shoreline _____________________

All of the above

Tektites are an example of which of the following sediment types

Cosmogenous sediments

In the US, semi-diurnal tides occur along the

Atlantic Coast

Which of the following estuaries forms when wave action creates a barrier island that separates the estuary from the ocean?

Bar-built estuary

The center of mass of the earth-moon system is called the

Baricenter

Winds blowing out of the north towards the south in the southern hemisphere will appear to

Be deflected towards the east

If one were to walk from the ocean landward across a barrier island complex, in which order would one encounter the following environments

Beach, dune, barrier flat, high marsh, low marsh

Coccolithphores

Biogenous Sediment

Siloceous Ooze

Biogenous Sediment

Which of the following can be used to produce electricity

Both ebb tides and flood tides

Latent heat is the quantity of heat gained or lost as a substance undergoes a

Change in state

California current

Cold Current, Northern hemisphere, temperate latitudes

Mantle

Contains minerals rich in iron and magnesium, between the crust and the core, and has the second largest volume according to the chemical classification

Which of the following statements regarding continental and oceanic crust is true?

Continental crust is thicker and less dense than oceanic crust

An ocean trench is associated with which type of plate boundary?

Convergent

The ___________ of the moon determines the position of the tidal bulges on earth

Declination

Precipitation

Decreases seawater salinity

River input

Decreases seawater salinity

Older lithosphere is destroyed in association with

Deep sea trenches

Large deposits of sediments at the mouths of rivers are called

Deltas

Thermocline circulation is driven by

Density differences

Deep Ocean Currents are driven primarily by ___________________ and modified by ___________________________.

Density differences; differences in salinity and temperature

The ion in seawater that serves as a buffer is

HCO3-

Idealized pressure belts and wind systems are significantly modified by Earth's tilted axis and rotation

Differences in heat capacities of ocean and land

The separation of earth into layers while it was molten was the result of:

Different densities of the elements

The low tide of the tidal cycle occurs at 6 AM while the following low tide occurs at 6:50 AM at the next day, what is the tidal period?

Diurnal

The East Pacific Rise is associated with which type of plate boundary?

Divergent

Which of the following features is characteristic of a submerging shoreline

Drowned beach

Water flowing out of an enclosed basin due to the tides is called a ________________

Ebb current

Coastal winds can cause upwelling or downwelling due to which of the following

Ekman transport

Refraction causes headlands to be sites of

Erosion

Greater temperature fluctuation are seen in coastal areas due to the marine effect

False

Magnetic North pole has remained very close to the geographic north pole throughout of all geological time

False

Rouge waves are generated by destructive interference patterns of ocean swells

False

The sun and the moon have relatively equal tide generating forces on earth

False

Wind is initiated by thermal heating from the sun and cooling by the ocean creating a thermal convection cell

False

During winter months, monsoon winds over the Indian ocean

Flow from land to sea and are dry.

The section of the coast that is exposed at low tide and submerged at high tide is called

Foreshore

Which of the following contains calcium carbonate

Forminferans

The tidal pattern for the Wilmington North Carolina area is

Semi-Diurnal, Micro tidal

Deep ocean trenches are associated with

Subduction zones

Sources of deep water in the ocean include all of the following except

Subtropical convergences

Surface ocean currents are caused by __________________________ whereas deep currents are the result of _____________________________________.

Surface wind belts; density differences

Hawaii has an ocean bottom with an abrupt slope? Which type of breaker forms there

Surging Breaker

Waves that are moving out of a storm area in the ocean are sorted out by wave length are called

Swell

Tsunami may result from

Tetonic activity on the seafloor

Core

composed mostly of iron and nickel with a liquefied metallic outer layer.

Your job is to locate the world's plate boundaries. To do this, you may use only one map. The best map to choose for this job is a map that shows the worldwide locations of ___________________.

earthquakes

The height of a wave depends upon

fetch, wind duration, and wind speed

in general, polar neretic sediment tends to have more ________________________

gravel than in tropical waters

Overall, the Atlantic Ocean basin is ________, and the Pacific Ocean basin is ________.

growing; shrinking

A spring tide ______________

has very high, high tides- and very low, low tides.

The san andreas fault

is a contiental transform fault

The hawiian islands are located where the pacific plate is

moving over a hot spot or mantle plume

Submarine Canyon

narrow and deep valleys on continental slopes

The Hawaiian Islands are associated with which type of plate boundary?

none of the above (The Hawaiian Islands are not associated with any plate boundary.)

Crust

outermost portion of the Earth composed largely of the igneous rocks basalt and granite

Sea floor magnetic pattern is best described as

parallel to and symmetric about mid ocean ridges

Cape fear river estuary is a

partially mixed drowned river valley

Continental Margin

shallow-water areas close to continents

The correct order of sea floor features from the coast to the mid ocean ridge is

shelf, slope, rise, abyssal plane

Constructive interference results in larger waves whereas destructive interference produces

smaller waves

What best describes the tectonic setting of the Cascade Mountains of the Pacific Northwest?

subduction zone

plate tetonics and evolution which are held with a high degree of confidence because of rigorous testing and verification are examples of

theory


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