OMIS 350 Exam 2

Which of the following is not a mediating factor that impacts an organization's relationship with information technology? Select one: A. Agency costs B. Politics C. Structure of the organization D. Environment E. Business processes

A. Agency costs

Which of the following statements about cookies is not true? Select one: A. Cookies are installed only at the user's request. B. Cookies are used to support the user experience on websites. C. Cookies are stored on the user's computer. D. Cookies can be combined with other website data to develop detailed profiles of customers. E. It is possible to prevent a client computer from accepting cookies.

A. Cookies are installed only at the user's request.

Which of the five moral dimensions of the information age do the central business activities of Google Marketing Platform involve? Select one: A. Quality of life B. System quality C. Property rights and obligations D. Accountability and control E. Information rights and obligations

A. Quality of life

Which of the following forms of protection of intellectual property requires that the property be the subject of a nondisclosure agreement? Select one: A. Trade secret B. Patent C. All forms of intellectual property protection D. Trademark E. Copyright

A. Trade secret

All of the following are steps in the process for analyzing an ethical issue except: Select one: A. assigning responsibility. B. identifying and describing the facts clearly. C. identifying the stakeholders. D. identifying the options you can reasonably take. E. identifying the potential consequences of your options.

A. assigning responsibility.

The right to ________ is a feature of the GDPR that allows individuals to request that organizations delete their personal data. Select one: A. be forgotten B. opt-in to data collection C. do not track D. opt-out of data collection E. a safe harbor

A. be forgotten

Advertisers use ________ in order to display more relevant ads based on a user's search and browsing history. Select one: A. behavioral targeting B. Web bugs C. FIP principles D. intelligent agents E. NORA

A. behavioral targeting

Which of the following is an example of a divisionalized bureaucracy? Select one: A. Startup firm B. Fortune 500 firm C. Midsize manufacturer D. Consulting firm E. University

B Fortune 500 Firm

The interaction between information technology and organizations is influenced: A. by the development of new information technologies. B. by many factors, including structure, politics, culture, and environment. C. by two main macroeconomic forces: capital and labor. D. solely by the decision making of middle and senior managers. E. by the rate of growth of the organization.

B. by many factors, including structure, politics, culture, and environment.

According to the ________ definition of organizations, an organization is seen as a means by which capital and labor are transformed by the organization into outputs to the environment. Select one: A. sociotechnical B. microeconomic C. psychological D. behavioral E. macroeconomic

B. microeconomic

Which of the following allows the EU to enforce GDPR requirements with non-EU countries? Select one: A. FIP agreements B. privacy shield agreements C. privacy by design agreements D. PGP agreements E. P3P agreements

B. privacy shield agreements

"Look and feel" copyright infringement lawsuits are concerned with: Select one: A. the distinction between tangible and intangible ideas. B. the distinction between an idea and its expression. C. using the creative elements of another product. D. using the graphical elements of another product. E. violation of a monopoly on the ideas behind a product.

B. the distinction between an idea and its expression.

All of the following are factors in U.S. federal sentencing guidelines with respect to business executives except: Select one: A. the use of structured financial transactions to hide the crime. B. the failure to cooperate with prosecutors. C. the presence of a conspiracy to prevent discovery of the crime. D. the use of technology to commit the crime. E. the monetary value of the crime.

B. the failure to cooperate with prosecutors.

According to ________, you should take the action that produces the least harm. Select one: A. Kant's categorical imperative B. the risk aversion principle C. the utilitarian principle D. the "no free lunch" rule E. the Golden Rule

B. the risk aversion principle

________ is a feature of social institutions that means mechanisms are in place to determine responsibility for an action. Select one: A. The judicial system B. The courts of appeal C. Accountability D. Due process E. Liability

C. Accountability

The obligations that individuals and organizations have concerning rights to intellectual property involve which of the following moral dimensions of the information age? Select one: A. Accountability and control B. Information rights and obligations C. Property rights and obligations D. System quality E. Quality of life

C. Property rights and obligations

*Walmart's continuous replenishment system is an example of a firm using information systems to: Select one: A. develop synergies. B. focus on market niche. C. achieve low-cost leadership. D. simplify the industry value chain. E. strengthen ties to its customers.

C. achieve low-cost leadership.

The most successful solutions or methods for achieving a business objective are called: Select one: A. value activities. B. benchmarks. C. best practices. D. best processes. E. core competencies.

C. best practices.

Information systems can be used at the industry level to achieve strategic advantage by: Select one: A. encouraging the entry of new competitors. B. raising the bargaining power of suppliers. C. building industrywide, IT-supported consortia, symposia, and communications networks. D. enforcing standards that reduce the differences between competitors. E. decreasing switching costs.

C. building industrywide, IT-supported consortia, symposia, and communications networks.

What percent of global Internet users use Google Search and other Google services? Select one: A. Less than 10 percent B. About 50 percent C. About 80 percent D. Around 25 percent E. Over 90 percent

C. About 80 percent

Which of the following would a company employ to measure and compare its business processes to similar processes of other companies within their industry? Select one: A. Best practices B. Value chain analysis C. Strategic systems analysis D. Benchmarking E. Secondary activities

D. Benchmarking

All of the following are competitive forces in Porter's model except: Select one: A. customers. B. suppliers. C. new market entrants. D. disruptive technologies. E. substitute products.

D. Disruptive technologies

A man steals from a grocery store in order to feed his starving family. Which of the following best expresses the utilitarian principle in evaluating this situation? Select one: A. His action is wrong, because if everyone were to do this, the concept of personal property is defeated. B. His action is wrong, because the grocery store owner is harmed. C. His action is wrong, because the man would not want the grocer to steal from him. D. His action is acceptable, because the higher social value is the survival of the family. E. His action is acceptable, because the grocer suffers the least harm.

D. His action is acceptable, because the higher social value is the survival of the family.

All of the following are technical solutions to protecting user privacy except: Select one: A. anonymous email. B. preventing client computers from accepting cookies. C. email encryption. D. anonymous surfing. E. data use policies.

E. data use policies.

In environmental scanning, a firm may use information systems to: Select one: A. transform inputs into products and services. B. keep track of the temperature within its data centers. C. analyze the performance of its intranet. D. develop a unified organizational culture. E. identify external events that may affect it.

E. identify external events that may affect it.

*(Wrong Answer) Which of the following statements about features of organizations is not true? Select one: A. Organizational culture is a powerful restraint on technological change. B. Organizations generally change much faster than environments. C. Organizations are devoted to maximizing output using limited inputs. D. Organizations and environments have a reciprocal relationship. E. All modern organizations are bureaucracies with clear-cut divisions of labor and specialization.

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*? Which of the following statements information technology's impact on business firms is not true? Select one: A. Information technology helps firms reduce environmental scanning. B. Information technology helps firms lower the cost of market participation. C. Information technology helps reduce internal management costs. D. Information technology helps reduce agency costs. E. Information technology helps reduce transaction costs.

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Which of the following statements about network economics is not true? Select one: A. In network economics, the marginal cost of adding new members to the network is higher than the marginal gain. B. Information technology can be strategically useful from a network economics perspective. C. From a network economics perspective, the value of a community of people grows as the number of participants in the community increases. D. The law of diminishing returns does not always apply to every situation. E. Uber is an example of a business model that is based on the principle of network economics.

A. In network economics, the marginal cost of adding new members to the network is higher than the marginal gain.

Which of the following statements about organizations is not true? Select one: A. Informal groups tend to be more stable in terms of longevity and routineness than organizations. B. An organization is a stable, formal social structure that takes resources from the environment and processes them to produce outputs. C. An organization is a collection of rights, privileges, obligations, and responsibilities delicately balanced over a period of time through conflict and conflict resolution. D. An organization is a collection of people and other social elements. E. An organization is a formal, legal entity with internal rules and procedures that must abide by laws.

A. Informal groups tend to be more stable in terms of longevity and routineness than organizations.

Which of the following best describes the effect that new information technology has on society? Select one: A. It has a ripple effect, raising new ethical, social, and political issues. B. It has a waterfall effect in raising ever more complex ethical issues. C. It has a magnifying effect, creating increasing numbers of ethical issues. D. It has a dampening effect on the discourse of business ethics. E. It is beneficial for society as a whole, while raising dilemmas for consumers.

A. It has a ripple effect, raising new ethical, social, and political issues.

Which of the following is not a feature of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)? Select one: A. It prevents firms from using cookies. B. Its protections of the privacy rights of EU citizens apply worldwide, regardless of where processing of the data takes places. C. It applies to all firms doing business in the EU. D. It imposes fines on companies for violating the regulation up to 4 percent of a firm's global revenue. E. It creates a single EU privacy policy.

A. It prevents firms from using cookies.

A colleague at work takes small amounts of office supplies for her own personal use, saying that this is a tiny loss to the company. You tell her that if everyone were to take office supplies, then the loss would no longer be minimal. Your rationale expresses which of the following ethical principles? Select one: A. Kant's Categorical Imperative B. The no-free-lunch rule C. The Golden Rule D. The slippery-slope rule E. The Risk Aversion Principle

A. Kant's Categorical Imperative

Amazon's use of the Internet as a platform to enhance customer convenience illustrates which of the following strategies? Select one: A. Low-cost leadership B. Strengthening supplier intimacy C. Developing synergies D. Focusing on market niche E. Enhancing core competencies

A. Low-cost leadership

Mintzberg classifies a large bureaucracy existing in a slowly changing environment that produces standard products and is dominated by centralized management as a(n): Select one: A. machine bureaucracy B. adhocracy C. multidivisional bureaucracy D. divisionalized bureaucracy E. professional bureaucracy

A. Machine Bureaucracy

Which of the following is a data analysis technology that finds obscure connections between data in disparate sources? Select one: A. NORA B. COPPA C. Spyware D. HIPAA E. FIP

A. NORA

The NAI is an industry association formed to help with which of the following? Select one: A. Online privacy issues B. Copyright protection C. Trademark protection D. Trade secret protection E. Patent protection

A. Online privacy issues

The use of computers to assemble data from different sources to create digital dossiers of detailed information about individuals is known as which of the following? Select one: A. Profiling B. Targeting C. Spamming D. Phishing E. Spyware

A. Profiling

The Network Advertising Initiative is an industry association that: Select one: A. has developed privacy policies to help consumers opt out of advertising network programs and provide consumers redress from abuses. B. is a safe harbor program established by the U.S. government. C. has established technical guidelines for ensuring privacy. D. protects user privacy during interactions with websites. E. regulates the use of customer information by firms.

A. has developed privacy policies to help consumers opt out of advertising network programs and provide consumers redress from abuses.

Information systems enhance core competencies by: Select one: A. providing better reporting facilities. B. encouraging the sharing of knowledge across business units. C. fostering synergies among departments. D. allowing operational employees to interact with management. E. creating educational opportunities for management.

A. providing better reporting facilities.

When two organizations pool markets and expertise that result in lower costs and generate profits, they are creating: Select one: A. synergies. B. net marketplaces. C. a value chain. D. core competencies. E. a value web.

A. synergies.

When a firm buys on the marketplace what it cannot make itself, the costs incurred are referred to as ________ costs. Select one: A. transaction B. switching C. agency D. procurement E. network

A. transaction

Which of the following technologies disrupted the traditional publishing industry? A. Instant messaging B. World Wide Web C. Software as a web service D. email E. PCs

B. World Wide Web

Which of the following statements about business processes is not true? A. Business processes are usually ensconced in an organization's culture. B. Business processes are typically unaffected by changes in information systems. C. Business processes are a collection of standard operating procedures. D. A business firm is a collection of business processes. E. Business processes influence the relationship between an organization and information technology.

B. Business processes are typically unaffected by changes in information systems.

Which of the following is not a U.S. federal law affecting private institutions? Select one: A. Video Privacy Protection Act B. Computer Matching and Privacy Protection Act C. Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act D. COPPA E. HIPAA

B. Computer Matching and Privacy Protection Act

Which of the following is not a principal cause of poor system performance? Select one: A. Hardware failures B. Computer abuse C. Software bugs D. Poor input data quality E. Facility failures

B. Computer abuse

Which of the following is not one of the current key technology trends that raises ethical issues? Select one: A. Increase in use of mobile devices B. Increase in data quality C. Advances in networking technology D. Data analysis advancements E. Decline in data storage costs

B. Increase in data quality

FIP principles are based on a belief in which of the following? Select one: A. Accountability of the record holder B. Mutuality of interest between the record holder and the individual C. Privacy of the individual D. Responsibility of the record holder E. Difference between the interests of the individual and commercial organizations

B. Mutuality of interest between the record holder and the individual

Which ethical rule states that if an action cannot be taken repeatedly, it is not right to take at all? Select one: A. High-failure cost rule B. Slippery-slope rule C. Lemming rule D. Utilitarian principle E. Golden Rule

B. Slippery-slope rule

Which of the following industries has the lowest barrier to entry? Select one: A. Automotive B. Small retailer C. Solar energy D. Computer chip E. Airline

B. Small retailer

Which of the following is a support activity in a firm's value chain? Select one: A. Operations B. Technology C. Inbound logistics D. Service E. Sales and marketing

B. Technology

Which of the following best describes how new information systems can result in legal gray areas? Select one: A. They work with networked, digital data, which are more difficult to control than information stored manually. B. They result in new situations that are not covered by old laws. C. They are implemented by technicians rather than managers. D. They are little understood by politicians or lawyers. E. They are created from sets of logical and technological rules rather than social or organizational mores.

B. They result in new situations that are not covered by old laws.

A virtual company: Select one: A. provides entirely Internet-driven services or virtual products. B. uses networks to link people, assets, and ideas, enabling it to ally with other companies to create and distribute products and services without being limited by traditional organizational boundaries or physical locations. C. uses Internet technology to maintain a virtual storefront. D. is limited by traditional organizational boundaries. E. uses Internet technology to maintain a networked community of users.

B. uses networks to link people, assets, and ideas, enabling it to ally with other companies to create and distribute products and services without being limited by traditional organizational boundaries or physical locations.

Which of the following is an example of synergy in business? Select one: A. Amazon's use of the Internet to sell books B. Netflix combining traditional video rental with online video subscriptions C. Bank of America acquiring Countrywide Financial Corporation to reach a large pool of new customers D. Nike's use of technology to improve its product offerings E. Walmart's order entry and inventory management system to coordinate with suppliers

C. Bank of America acquiring Countrywide Financial Corporation to reach a large pool of new customers

Which of the following models uses a general view of the firm, its competitors, and the firm's environment to understand competitive advantage? Select one: A. Competitive advantage model B. Demand control model C. Competitive forces model D. Network economics model E. Agency costs model

C. Competitive forces model

Which of the following is by far the most common source of business system failure? Select one: A. Hardware failures B. Software errors C. Data quality D. Facilities failures E. Software bugs

C. Data quality

Which of the following adjusts copyright laws to the Internet age by making it illegal to circumvent technology-based protections of copyrighted materials? Select one: A. Electronic Communications Privacy Act B. Freedom of Information Act C. Digital Millennium Copyright Act D. Privacy Act E. Computer Software Copyright Act

C. Digital Millennium Copyright Act

________ is a feature of law-governed society and involves having laws that are known and understood, along with the ability to appeal to higher authorities to ensure that the laws are applied correctly. Select one: A. Liability B. Responsibility C. Due process D. Accountability E. The judicial system

C. Due process

All of the following could be considered substitute products for industrial electricity generation except: Select one: A. wind B. ethanol C. coal D. hydropower E. solar

C. Ethanol

Which of the following statements about disruptive technologies is not true? Select one: A. Disruptive technologies may be substitute products that perform better than other products currently being produced. B. Disruptive technologies may sometimes simply extend the marketplace. C. Firms that invent disruptive technologies as first movers always become market leaders. D. Disruptive technologies radically change the business landscape and environment. E. Disruptive technologies may put entire industries out of business.

C. Firms that invent disruptive technologies as first movers always become market leaders.

Which of the following best describes Immanuel Kant's categorical imperative? Select one: A. If an action cannot be taken repeatedly, then it is not right to be taken at any time. B. You should act towards others as you would like them to act towards you. C. If an action is not right for everyone to take, it is not right for anyone to take. D. One can put values in rank order and understand the consequences of various courses of action. E. One should take the action that produces the least harm or incurs the least cost.

C. If an action is not right for everyone to take, it is not right for anyone to take.

Which of the following is a primary drawback to the "do anything anywhere" computing environment? Select one: A. It creates a digital divide. B. It centralizes power at corporate headquarters. C. It blurs the traditional boundaries between work and family time. D. It makes work environments less pleasant. E. It leads to employees being paid less for the total amount of work performed.

C. It blurs the traditional boundaries between work and family time.

Which of the following statements about the technical view of organizations is not true? Select one: A. It sees the firm as being infinitely malleable. B. It focuses on how inputs are combined to create outputs when technology changes are introduced into a company. C. It emphasizes group relationships, values, and structures. D. It sees the organization as a social structure. E. It sees capital and labor as being easily substituted for one another.

C. It emphasizes group relationships, values, and structures.

________ grants the owner exclusive ownership of the ideas behind an invention for 20 years. Select one: A. Trade secret protection B. Trademark law C. Patent law D. Copyright law E. Privacy law

C. Patent law

The value chain model: Select one: A. categorizes five related advantages for adding value to a firm's products or services. B. categorizes four basic strategies a firm can use to enhance its value chain. C. highlights specific activities in the business where competitive strategies can best be applied. D. sees the supply chain as the primary activity for adding value. E. enables more effective product differentiation.

C. highlights specific activities in the business where competitive strategies can best be applied.

The four major competitive strategies are: Select one: A. new market entrants, substitute products and services, customers, and suppliers. B. low-cost leadership, new market entrants, product differentiation, and focus on market niche. C. low-cost leadership, product differentiation, focus on market niche, and strengthening customer and supplier intimacy. D. low-cost leadership, substitute products and services, customers; and suppliers. E. customers, suppliers, new market entrants, and substitute products.

C. low-cost leadership, product differentiation, focus on market niche, and strengthening customer and supplier intimacy.

Firms use a ________ strategy to provide a specialized product or service for a narrow target market better than competitors. Select one: A. mass customization B. process efficiency C. market niche D. product differentiation E. low-cost leadership

C. market niche

In the ________ model of informed consent, personal information cannot be collected until the consumer specifically agrees that his or her data can be collected. Select one: A. P3P B. opt-out C. opt-in D. PGP E. safe harbor

C. opt-in

Walmart's continuous replenishment system allows it to do all of the following except: Select one: A. better meet customer demands. B. fine-tune merchandise availability. C. provide mass customization. D. transmit orders to restock directly to its suppliers. E. keep costs low.

C. provide mass customization.

Which of the following ethical guidelines suggests that you put yourself in the place of others, and think of yourself as the object of the decision? Select one: A. Kant's categorical imperative B. the no-free-lunch rule C. the Golden Rule D. the utilitarian principle E. the risk aversion principle

C. the Golden Rule

Which of the following represent the primary activities of a firm? Select one: A. Procurement, operations, technology, sales and marketing, and services B. Inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, technology, and service C. Procurement, inbound logistics, operations, technology, and outbound logistics D. Inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, sales and marketing, and service E. Organization infrastructure, human resources, technology, and procurement

D. Inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, sales and marketing, and service

All of the following are IT-enabled products and services providing competitive advantage except: Select one: A. Apple's iTunes. B. Amazon's one-click shopping. C. PayPal's online person-to-person payment system. D. Nike's use of celebrities to market their products. E. Ping's golf club customization.

D. Nike's use of celebrities to market their products.

Struggles for resources, competition, and conflict within an organization that result from divergent viewpoints about how resources, rewards, and punishments should be distributed are an example of which of the following? Select one: A. Organizational environment. B. Organizational structure C. Organizational culture D. Organizational politics E. Business processes

D. Organizational Politics

Under Mintzberg's classification of organizational structure, knowledge-based organizations fall under the category of: A. divisionalized bureaucracies. B. adhocracies. C. entrepreneurial structures. D. professional bureaucracies. E. machine bureaucracies.

D. Professional bureaucracies

Which of the following is a competitive force that has challenged the music industry? Select one: A. Customers' bargaining power B. Suppliers' bargaining power C. Low cost of entry D. Substitute products or services E. Positioning and rivalry among competitors

D. Substitute products or services

Hilton Hotels uses its OnQ system for which of the following purposes? Select one: A. To lower its operating costs B. To create synergies with its suppliers C. To benchmark its progress against competitors D. To estimate each guest's profitability and give additional privileges to profitable customers E. To take advantage of network economics

D. To estimate each guest's profitability and give additional privileges to profitable customers

Which of the following is not a true statement about value webs? Select one: A. Value webs involve highly synchronized industry value chains. B. Value webs operate in a less linear fashion than traditional value chains. C. Value webs are more customer-driven than traditional value chains. D. Value webs are inflexible and cannot adapt quickly to changes in supply and demand. E. Value webs involve a collection of independent firms that use information technology to coordinate their value chains.

D. Value webs are inflexible and cannot adapt quickly to changes in supply and demand.

In network economics, the value of a commercial software vendor's software products: Select one: A. decreases according to the law of diminishing returns. B. is unrelated to the number of people that use them. C. decreases as more people use them. D. increases as more people use them. E. increases due to higher marginal gain in output.

D. increases as more people use them.

The ability to offer individually tailored products or services using the same production resources as bulk production is known as: Select one: A. micromarketing. B. niche customization. C. mass marketing. D. mass customization. E. micro customization.

D. mass customization.

The FIP principle of Notice/Awareness states that: Select one: A. there must be a mechanism in place to enforce FIP principles. B. data collectors must take responsible steps to assure that consumer information is accurate and secure from unauthorized use. C. consumers should be able to review the data collected about them. D. websites must disclose their information practices before collecting data. E. customers must be allowed to choose how their information will be used for secondary purposes other than the supporting transaction.

D. websites must disclose their information practices before collecting data.

According to agency theory, the firm is viewed as a(n): Select one: A. entrepreneurial endeavor. B. entrepreneurial structure. C. task force organization that must respond to rapidly changing environments. D. unified, profit-maximizing entity. E. "nexus of contracts" among self-interested individuals.

E. "nexus of contracts" among self-interested individuals.

________ means that you accept the potential costs and obligations for the decisions you make. Select one: A. Due process B. Duty C. Liability D. Responsibility E. Accountability

E. Accountability

Which of the following protects the authors of a book from having their work copied by others? Select one: A. Due process B. Trade Secret law C. Fair Use Doctrine D. Patent protection E. Copyright law

E. Copyright law

Which of the following U.S. laws gives patients access to personal medical records and the right to authorize how this information can be used or disclosed? Select one: A. Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act B. Freedom of Information Act C. Privacy Protection Act D. COPPA E. HIPAA

E. HIPAA

Along with capital, ________ is the primary production input that the organization uses to create products and services. Select one: A. feedback B. structure C. politics D. culture E. labor

E. Labor

The obligations that individuals and organizations have regarding the preservation of existing values and institutions fall within which of the following moral dimensions of the information age? Select one: A. Family and home B. System quality C. Accountability and control D. Quality of life E. Property rights and obligations

E. Property rights and obligations

Which of the five moral dimensions of the information age does the weakening of boundaries between work and family life involve? Select one: A. Property rights and obligations B. Information rights and obligations C. System quality D. Accountability and control E. Quality of life

E. Quality of life

Which of the following regulates the U.S. federal government collection, use, and disclosure of information? Select one: A. The Freedom of Information Act B. HIPPA C. The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act D. COPPA E. The Privacy Act

E. The Privacy Act

________ allows an organization to collect personal information without the user's explicit consent. Select one: A. A safe harbor B. P3P C. FIP principles D. The opt-in model E. The opt-out model

E. The opt-out model

All of the following are FTC privacy guidelines except: Select one: A. firms should build products and services that protect privacy. B. firms should require consumer consent and provide clear options to opt out of data collection. C. firms should increase the transparency of their data collection. D. firms should limit the length of time that any personal data is stored to six months or less. E. consumers should be able to review and contest the accuracy and completeness of data collected about them in a timely, inexpensive process.

E. consumers should be able to review and contest the accuracy and completeness of data collected about them in a timely, inexpensive process.

The ethical no-free-lunch rule states that: Select one: A. if an action is not right for everyone to take, it is not right for anyone to take. B. if an action cannot be taken repeatedly, then it is not right to be taken at any time. C. one can put values in rank order and understand the consequences of various courses of action. D. one should take the action that produces the least harm or incurs the least cost. E. if something someone else has created is useful to you, it has value, and you should assume the creator wants compensation for this work.

E. if something someone else has created is useful to you, it has value, and you should assume the creator wants compensation for this work.

Redesigning and automating business processes can be seen as a double-edged sword because: Select one: A. increases in efficiency may be accompanied by poor data quality. B. it can concentrate power in the hands of senior executives. C. support for middle-management decision making may be offset by poor data quality. D. reliance on technology results in the loss of hands-on knowledge. E. increases in efficiency may be accompanied by job losses.

E. increases in efficiency may be accompanied by job losses.

An information system can enable a company to focus on a market niche through: Select one: A. enabling new products and services. B. developing intimacy with customers. C. producing products and services at a lower price than competitors. D. tightening linkages with suppliers. E. intensive customer data analysis.

E. intensive customer data analysis.

The Internet increases the bargaining power of customers by: Select one: A. lowering transaction costs. B. enabling the development of new services. C. making more products available. D. creating new opportunities for building loyal customer bases. E. making information available to everyone.

E. making information available to everyone.

A firm can exercise greater control over its suppliers in terms of price, quality, and delivery schedules by having: Select one: A. local suppliers. B. fewer suppliers. C. global suppliers. D. only a single supplier. E. more suppliers.

E. more suppliers.

When a cookie is created during a website visit, it is stored: Select one: A. in the browser's application settings. B. on the ISP's servers. C. nowhere, because they are only used during a visit and are discarded once a visitor leaves the website. D. on the website's server. E. on the hard drive of the visitor's computer.

E. on the hard drive of the visitor's computer.

According to research on organizational resistance, the four components that must be changed in an organization in order to successfully implement a new information system are: Select one: A. environment, people, structure, and tasks. B. technology, people, culture, and structure. C. costs, tasks, structure, and management. D. tasks, culture, management, and environment. E. tasks, technology, people, and structure.

E. tasks, technology, people, and structure.

The idea that the more any given resource is applied to production, the lower the marginal gain in output, until a point is reached where the additional inputs produce no additional value, is referred to as: Select one: A. supply and demand. B. the point of no return. C. virtual economics. D. network inelasticity. E. the law of diminishing returns.

E. the law of diminishing returns.