Chapter 22

An enzyme secreted by the gastric mucosa of a newborn that assists in the digestion of milk proteins is

Rennin

What is incorrect regarding smooth muscle in the digestive tract?

A smooth muscle fiber has an extensive network of T tubules.

The movement of organic molecules, electrolytes, minerals, and water across the digestive epithelium into interstitial fluid is known as

Absorption

What are Peyer's patches?

Aggregated lymphoid nodules

What stimulus initiates the gastric phase of gastric secretion?

An increase in the pH of the gastric contents

A small, wormlike structure attached to the posteromedial surface of the cecum is the

Appendix

The esophagus connects to which region of the stomach?

Cardia

The sac-like structure that joins the ileum at the ileocecal valve is the

Cecum

In the center of a liver lobule there is a

Central vein

Pepsinogen is released by which of the following gastric cell types?

Chief cells

An intestinal hormone that stimulates contraction of the gallbladder to release bile is

Cholecystokinin

What terminology describes a series of transverse folds in the lining of the small intestine?

Circular folds

The duodenal ampulla receives secretions from the

Common bile duct and pancreatic duct

Which type of teeth, also known as canine teeth, are conical, with a sharp ridgeline and a pointed tip?

Cuspids

Which structure is the remnant of the ventral mesentery between the liver and the anterior wall of the peritoneal cavity?

Falciform ligament

Gastrin secretion is associated with

Food arriving in the stomach

The human liver is composed of ________ lobe(s).

Four

Which region of the stomach is superior to the junction between the stomach and the esophagus?

Fundus

Which of the following conditions can lead to esophageal cancer if left untreated?

GERD (gastroesophageal-reflux disease)

The crystallization of cholesterol can lead to the development of what?

Gallstones

Which digestive hormone is secreted when fats and carbohydrates, especially glucose, enter the small intestine?

Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP)

An intestinal hormone that stimulates gastric secretion is

Gastrin

G cells of the stomach secrete

Gastrin

Your patient has inflammation of the mucous membrane lining of the stomach. This is known clinically as

Gastritis

The ridge of oral mucosa that surrounds the base of a tooth is the

Gingiva

What is the name of the juncture between the ascending and transverse colons?

Hepatic flexure

Circular folds and intestinal villi

Increase the surface area of the mucosa of the small intestine.

Enteritis

Inflammation of the intestine

The bile duct

Is formed by the union of the cystic duct and the common hepatic duct.

What accurately describes the pharyngeal phase of swallowing?

It begins when tactile receptors on the palatal arches and uvula are stimulated.

Which description of the alkaline tide is true regarding a countertransport mechanism?

It ejects the bicarbonate ions into the interstitial fluid

What is true regarding the defecation reflex?

It involves two positive feedback loops.

Why might the positive feedback loop described above potentially cause damage to digestive organs?

It will cause the stomach pH to get lower and lower

Which characteristic of H. pylori is most likely an adaptation to deal with the stomach's powerful muscle contractions that churn its contents?

Its surface adhesions

Tom has hepatitis, an inflammation of the liver. Which of the following symptoms would you expect to observe in Tom?

Jaundice

The part of the digestive tract that plays the primary role in chemical digestion and nutrient absorption is the

Jejunum

Where are the villi most developed?

Jejunum

Which organ is responsible for dehydration and compaction of indigestible materials?

Large intestine

What provides access for blood vessels entering and leaving the liver?

Lesser omentum

Which organ is the only organ connected to the anterior body wall by a mesentery in the adult?

Liver

The movement of materials along the digestive tract, as well as many secretory functions, is primarily controlled by what?

Local factors

A patient has been identified to have a "leaky" ileum, which is causing inflammation and irritation of one of his mesenteries. Which of the following mesenteries is most likely to become inflamed?

Mesentery proper

Which mesentery suspends the transverse and sigmoid colons from the posterior body wall?

Mesocolons

________ are teeth with flattened crowns and prominent ridges that are adapted for crushing and grinding.

Molars

Contraction of the ________ alters the shape of the intestinal lumen and moves epithelial pleats and folds.

Muscularis mucosa

Which salivary gland produces a serous secretion containing large amounts of salivary amylase?

Parotid

What do chief cells secrete?

Pepsinogen

The haustra of the large intestine

Permit the expansion and elongation of the colon.

The parotid salivary glands

Produce a secretion containing large amounts of salivary amylase.

The pancreas produces ________ -digesting enzymes in the form of proteolytic enzymes.

Protein

The chamber within a tooth that contains blood vessels and nerves is the

Pulp cavity

The region of the stomach that empties into the duodenum is the

Pylorus

Duodenal glands are characteristic of the

Small intestine

In the digestive and urinary systems, rings of smooth muscle, called ________, regulate the movement of materials along internal passageways.

Sphincters

What is the salivary gland that secretes a watery mixture rich in salivary amylase and buffers?

Submandibular

Which layer of the digestive tract has a dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds the muscularis mucosae?

Submucosa

Which major layer of the digestive tract is a dense layer of irregular connective tissue that has large blood vessels and lymphatic vessels?

Submucosa

Which of the following are longitudinal bands of smooth muscle in the large intestine?

Taeniae coli (teniae coli)

H. pylori probably prefers the pyloric antrum, because

The environment is slightly less acidic

The jejunum

The site where the bulk of chemical digestion and nutrient absorption occurs.

During the cephalic phase of gastric secretion

The vagus nerve innervates the stomach

At the right colic flexure, the colon becomes the

Transverse colon

Which process, supported by the posterior margin of the soft palate, helps prevent food from entering the pharynx prematurely?

Uvula

What is the name for the space between the lips and the gingiva?

Vestibule

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term "duodenal ampulla"?

Where pancreatic juice and bile enter the duodenum