Chapter 22
An enzyme secreted by the gastric mucosa of a newborn that assists in the digestion of milk proteins is
Rennin
What is incorrect regarding smooth muscle in the digestive tract?
A smooth muscle fiber has an extensive network of T tubules.
The movement of organic molecules, electrolytes, minerals, and water across the digestive epithelium into interstitial fluid is known as
Absorption
What are Peyer's patches?
Aggregated lymphoid nodules
What stimulus initiates the gastric phase of gastric secretion?
An increase in the pH of the gastric contents
A small, wormlike structure attached to the posteromedial surface of the cecum is the
Appendix
The esophagus connects to which region of the stomach?
Cardia
The sac-like structure that joins the ileum at the ileocecal valve is the
Cecum
In the center of a liver lobule there is a
Central vein
Pepsinogen is released by which of the following gastric cell types?
Chief cells
An intestinal hormone that stimulates contraction of the gallbladder to release bile is
Cholecystokinin
What terminology describes a series of transverse folds in the lining of the small intestine?
Circular folds
The duodenal ampulla receives secretions from the
Common bile duct and pancreatic duct
Which type of teeth, also known as canine teeth, are conical, with a sharp ridgeline and a pointed tip?
Cuspids
Which structure is the remnant of the ventral mesentery between the liver and the anterior wall of the peritoneal cavity?
Falciform ligament
Gastrin secretion is associated with
Food arriving in the stomach
The human liver is composed of ________ lobe(s).
Four
Which region of the stomach is superior to the junction between the stomach and the esophagus?
Fundus
Which of the following conditions can lead to esophageal cancer if left untreated?
GERD (gastroesophageal-reflux disease)
The crystallization of cholesterol can lead to the development of what?
Gallstones
Which digestive hormone is secreted when fats and carbohydrates, especially glucose, enter the small intestine?
Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP)
An intestinal hormone that stimulates gastric secretion is
Gastrin
G cells of the stomach secrete
Gastrin
Your patient has inflammation of the mucous membrane lining of the stomach. This is known clinically as
Gastritis
The ridge of oral mucosa that surrounds the base of a tooth is the
Gingiva
What is the name of the juncture between the ascending and transverse colons?
Hepatic flexure
Circular folds and intestinal villi
Increase the surface area of the mucosa of the small intestine.
Enteritis
Inflammation of the intestine
The bile duct
Is formed by the union of the cystic duct and the common hepatic duct.
What accurately describes the pharyngeal phase of swallowing?
It begins when tactile receptors on the palatal arches and uvula are stimulated.
Which description of the alkaline tide is true regarding a countertransport mechanism?
It ejects the bicarbonate ions into the interstitial fluid
What is true regarding the defecation reflex?
It involves two positive feedback loops.
Why might the positive feedback loop described above potentially cause damage to digestive organs?
It will cause the stomach pH to get lower and lower
Which characteristic of H. pylori is most likely an adaptation to deal with the stomach's powerful muscle contractions that churn its contents?
Its surface adhesions
Tom has hepatitis, an inflammation of the liver. Which of the following symptoms would you expect to observe in Tom?
Jaundice
The part of the digestive tract that plays the primary role in chemical digestion and nutrient absorption is the
Jejunum
Where are the villi most developed?
Jejunum
Which organ is responsible for dehydration and compaction of indigestible materials?
Large intestine
What provides access for blood vessels entering and leaving the liver?
Lesser omentum
Which organ is the only organ connected to the anterior body wall by a mesentery in the adult?
Liver
The movement of materials along the digestive tract, as well as many secretory functions, is primarily controlled by what?
Local factors
A patient has been identified to have a "leaky" ileum, which is causing inflammation and irritation of one of his mesenteries. Which of the following mesenteries is most likely to become inflamed?
Mesentery proper
Which mesentery suspends the transverse and sigmoid colons from the posterior body wall?
Mesocolons
________ are teeth with flattened crowns and prominent ridges that are adapted for crushing and grinding.
Molars
Contraction of the ________ alters the shape of the intestinal lumen and moves epithelial pleats and folds.
Muscularis mucosa
Which salivary gland produces a serous secretion containing large amounts of salivary amylase?
Parotid
What do chief cells secrete?
Pepsinogen
The haustra of the large intestine
Permit the expansion and elongation of the colon.
The parotid salivary glands
Produce a secretion containing large amounts of salivary amylase.
The pancreas produces ________ -digesting enzymes in the form of proteolytic enzymes.
Protein
The chamber within a tooth that contains blood vessels and nerves is the
Pulp cavity
The region of the stomach that empties into the duodenum is the
Pylorus
Duodenal glands are characteristic of the
Small intestine
In the digestive and urinary systems, rings of smooth muscle, called ________, regulate the movement of materials along internal passageways.
Sphincters
What is the salivary gland that secretes a watery mixture rich in salivary amylase and buffers?
Submandibular
Which layer of the digestive tract has a dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds the muscularis mucosae?
Submucosa
Which major layer of the digestive tract is a dense layer of irregular connective tissue that has large blood vessels and lymphatic vessels?
Submucosa
Which of the following are longitudinal bands of smooth muscle in the large intestine?
Taeniae coli (teniae coli)
H. pylori probably prefers the pyloric antrum, because
The environment is slightly less acidic
The jejunum
The site where the bulk of chemical digestion and nutrient absorption occurs.
During the cephalic phase of gastric secretion
The vagus nerve innervates the stomach
At the right colic flexure, the colon becomes the
Transverse colon
Which process, supported by the posterior margin of the soft palate, helps prevent food from entering the pharynx prematurely?
Uvula
What is the name for the space between the lips and the gingiva?
Vestibule
Which of the following descriptions best matches the term "duodenal ampulla"?
Where pancreatic juice and bile enter the duodenum