Open and Closed Chain Exercises

open chain exercises are typically performed in what positions?

NWB

closed chain exercises are typically performed in what positions?

WB

open chain or closed chain exercises: improve strength, power, and endurance?

both

- quadruped activities - press-ups from a chair - wall or prone push-ups - lunges - squats - step-ups or step-downs - heel raises - bicycle - stair stepper examples of open chain or closed chain exercises?

closed chain

balance: with external support to no external support; eyes open to eyes closed range of movement: small to large ranges direction of movement: uniplanar to multiplanar speed: slow to fast progression of open chain or closed chain exercises?

closed chain

body weight: partial to full weight-bearing base of support: wide to narrow; bilateral to unilateral support surface: stable to unstable/moving; rigid to soft progression of open chain or closed chain exercises?

closed chain

motions in which the body moves on a distal segment that's fixed or stabilized on a surface open chain or closed chain exercises?

closed chain

movement at one joint causes motion at distal and proximal joints open chain or closed chain exercises?

closed chain

open chain or closed chain: inclusive in the scope of exercises are WB activities where the distal segment moves but remains in contact with the support surface

closed chain

open chain or closed chain exercises: can mask strength deficits of individual muscles? why?

closed chain. multi-joint exercises; but the reliance of stronger muscles can assists weaker muscles in the completion of an activity

do open chain or closed chain exercises better stimulate mechanoreceptors? why?

closed chain. this causes co-contraction of agonists and antagonists; however, evidence suggests open chain can also be effective at improving proprioception

limb movement occurs where in open chain exercises?

distal to the moving joint

are open chain or closed chain exercises more effective for improving muscle performance?

evidence supports both can be effective

how should exercises be incorporated into a rehab program?

exercises that simulate desired functions

muscle contraction occurs where in open chain exercises?

in the muscles that cross the moving joint

WB during closed-chain is thought to cause an increase in?

joint congruency

- bicep curls - triceps extensions - seated knee extensions - seated hip marching examples of open chain or closed chain exercises?

open chain

are open chain or closed chain exercises more effective for isolation?

open chain

most open chain or closed chain exercises could be described as single-joint exercises?

open chain

motions in which the distal segment (hand or foot) is free to move in space open or closed chain?

open chain

open chain or closed chain exercises: high-load exercise may have an adverse effect on unstable, injured, or recently repaired joints, as demonstrated in the ACL-deficient knee

open chain

open chain or closed chain exercises may be the only option when WB is contraindicated or must be restricted?

open chain exercises

are open chain or closed chain exercises more functional?

there's no evidence that one is more functional than the other

the exercise load (resistance) is applied where in open chain exercises?

to the moving distal segment

when should you choose between open chain or closed chain?

use of each type is dependent on what you are trying to accomplish