Oral Pathology Exam #1 Chapter 1,2,3
define linea alba
"white line" that extends anteroposteriorly on the buccal mucosa along the occlusal plane. may be bilateral. mostly found in individuals with a clenching/bruxism habit
define coalescence
the process by which parts of a whole join together, or fuse, to make one
define internal root resorption
triggered by pulpal tissue reaction within the tooth. the pulpal area can be seen as a diffuse radiolucency beyond the confines of normal pulp area
what is a lingual thyroid nodule
undescended, trapped remnants of thyroid tissue. can be found on the midline of the dorsal surface of the tongue, posterior to circumvallate papillae in area of foramen cecum. sessile 2-3 cm in width
define well circumscribed
used to describe a lesion with borders that are specifically defined.. can see the exact margins
define pustule
variously sized circumscribed elevations containing pus
where can a traumatic bone cyst be found
will appear as a radiolucency that scallops around the roots of a tooth
how is a diagnosis simply made
with data collection
define corrugated
wrinkled
an elevated serum alkaline phosphate level is significant in the diagnosis of what disease
Paget disease
define papule
a small, circumscribed lesion usually less than 1 cm in diameter. it is elevated and protrudes above the surface of normal tissue
define erythema
an abnormal redness of the mucosa or gingiva
define macule
an area that is usually distinguished by a color different than that of surrounding tissue.. it is flat and does not protrude above the surface of normal tissue. example: freckles
define external root resorption
arises from tissue outside the tooth.. example: periodontal ligament
define pedunculated
attached by a stemlike or stalklike base similar to that of a mushroom
who has a predilection for periodical cemento-osseous dysplasia (cementoma)
black women in their 30's. this is asymptomatic and is found in a vital tooth
what are the 8 areas within the diagnostic process
clinical, radiographic, historical, laboratory, microscopic, surgical, therapeutic and differential
what are fordyce granules
clusters of ectopic sebaceous glands. appears as yellow lobules in clusters. commonly observed on vermillion border of lips/buccal mucosa. no tx
define multilocular
describes a lesion that extends beyond the confines of one distinct area. described as many lobes or parts that are somewhat fused together.. can resemble soap bubbles
define diffuse
describes a lesion with borders that are not well defined, making it impossible to detect exact parameters of the lesion
define erythroplakia
describes a oral mucosal lesion that appears as a smooth red patch or granular red and velvety patch. less common than leukoplakia. 90% of cases of erythroplakias are epithelial dysplasia or squamous cell carcinoma
define sessile
describing the base of a lesion that is flat or broad instead of stemlike
describe mandibular tori
outgrowths of normal dense bone found on lingual aspect of the mandible. no predilection for sex
define pallor
paleness of the skin or mucosal tissues
what is a black hairy tongue
papillae are brown or black in color due to chromogenic bacteria. contributing factors can be tobacco, foods, hydrogen peroxide, alcohol and chemical rinses
what is an ectopic geographic tongue
same patches from geographic tongue but found on mucosal surfaces
define vesicle
small, elevated lesions less than 1cm in diameter that contain serous fluid
what are other names for a lingual mandibular bone concavity
static bone cyst or Stafne bone cyst
define unilocular
having one compartment or unit that is well defined or outlined as in a simple radicular cyst
define bulla
a circumscribed, elevated lesion that is more than 5mm in diameter. it usually contains serous fluid and looks like a blister
define fissure
a cleft or groove, normal, showing prominent depth
define leukoplakia
a clinical term for a white plaque like lesion of the oral mucosa that cannot be rubbed off or diagnosed as a specific disease
define nodule
a palpable solid lesion up to 1cm in diameter found in soft tissue. can occur above, level with or beneath surface skin
define a lingual mandibular bone concavity
a radiolucent area that is oval in shape and is found anterior to the angle of the ramus and inferior to the mandibular canal
define scalloping around the root
a radiolucent lesion that appears to extend up the PDL and between roots.. example: traumatic bone cyst
define lobule
a segment or lobe that is part of a whole, these lobes sometimes fuse together; example: lobulated torus palatinus
describe retrocuspid papilla
a sessile nodule on the gingival margin on the lingual aspect of mandibular cuspids
white hairy tongue
elongated filiform. result in an increase in keratin production or a decrease in normal desquamation
what are other names for geographic tongue
erythema migraines and benign migratory glossitis
what is a geographic tongue
erythematous patches surrounded by a white or yellow border found on the tongue. can be exacerbated from stress although there is no known cause. pt may complain of burning sensation. no tx
what is the predilection for lingual thyroid nodules
females going through hormonal changes
what is a median rhomboid glossitis
flat or slightly raised oval or rectangular erythematous area in the center of the tongue. can be associated with a chronic infection with Candida albicans. no tx necessary although antifungals may be used
what is another name for an amalgam tattoo
focal argyrosis
what is a fissured tongue
found on the dorsal surface of the tongue that has deep fissures or grooves. cause is unknown, can involve genetic factors. 5% of population
describe torus palatinus
found on the hard palate. exophytic growth of compact bone which is observed on the midline of hard palate. it is inherited and grows gradually. occurs mostly in women
define leukoedema
generalized opalescence on buccal mucosa. most commonly observed in black individuals. if mucosa is stretched it becomes less prominent
what are lingual variscosities
prominent lingual veins which are usually found on the ventral and lateral surfaces of the tongue. red/purple clusters most commonly found in older individuals
define root resorption
radiographically, the apex of the tooth appears shortened or blunted/irregularly shaped. occurs as a response of stimuli, which can include a cyst, trauma, or tumor
define papillary
resembling a small, nipple like shaped projection or elevation found in clusters