Order of Lymphatic System A&P II Lab, Test Your Knowledge! questions https://useast1.kuracloud.com/i/f70b8523/student/courses

Cisterna chyli

(or cysterna chyli, and etymologically more correct, receptaculum chyli) is a dilated sac at the lower end of the thoracic duct into which lymph from the intestinal trunk and two lumbar lymphatic trunks flow.

Identify each characteristic as relating to the thymus

-decreases in size significant as humans age -aids in T-lymphocyte

Identify each characteristic as relating to the tonsils.

-first defense against ingested or foreign pathogens -crypts increase surface area

Identify each characteristic as relating to the spleen

-includes areas of red pulp and white pulp -recovers hemogloben

Sequence the vessels based on the direction in which lymph moves from the first vessel to the last vessel.

1-Lymph vessel on medial side of the leg 2-Inguinal lymph node 3-Cisterna chyli 4-Thoracic duct 5-Left subclavian vein

Sequence the structures of the lymphatic system, beginning where lymph enters the lymphatic system and ending where lymph exits the lymphatic system.

1-Lymphatic capillaries 2-Lymphatic vessels 3-Lymphatic trunks 4-Collecting ducts 5-Subclavian Veins

What happens during the helper T cell activation and action process?

1. Antigen recognition (Antigen enters the APC and then MHC-II connects with CD4+ the helper cell) 2. Clonal selection (the helper cell is cloned in to effector cells and memory cells) 3. Interleukin secretion (the effector cells develop into other types defenses and immunity. Nonspecific Defenses are the Neutrophils and Macrophages, the Cellular Immunity are killer T cells and the Humoral Immunity are B cells.

What is the role of an Antigen-Presenting Cell (APC)

1. Phagocytosis of enemy cell (antigen) 2. Fusion of lysosome and phagosome 3. Enzymes start to degrade enemy cell 4. Enemy cell broken into small fragments 5. Fragments of antigen presented on APC surface 6. Leftover fragments released by exocytosis

What are the parts of the lymph system from the top of the head down?

Cervical Lymph, Right lymphatic duct, Thoracic Lymph, Axillary Lymph, Cisterna chyli, Lumber Lymph, Inguinal Lymph, Popliteal Lymph Nodes

Subclavian Veins

Each subclavian vein is a continuation of the axillary vein and runs from the outer border of the first rib to the medial border of anterior scalene muscle. From here it joins with the internal jugular vein to form the brachiocephalic vein (also known as "innominate vein").

Tonsils have no known value to the human body.

False they contain immune cells to destroy foreign pathogens.

Lymph nodes

Immune cells are concentrated in these areas to remove foreign invaders such a bacteria

Lymphatic vessels

In anatomy, lymphatic vessels or lymph vessels are thin walled, valved structures that carry lymph. As part of the lymphatic system, lymph vessels are complementary to the cardiovascular system.

Lymphatic trucks

Lymph trunk is a lymph vessel that carries lymph, and is formed by confluence of many efferent lymph vessels. It in turn drains into one of the two lymph ducts (right lymph duct and the thoracic duct).

Lymph vessel on medial side of the leg

Lymph vessels from the superficial tissues of the foot congregate on either the medial or lateral side of the ankle

What is the pathway of lymph movement?

Lymphatic capillaries collect fluid and substances from interstitial space, Lymphatic vessels, Lymphatic trunks, Collecting ducts, Subclavian veins

Reticualr fiber

Offer support and provides a surface for adhesion of lymphocytes, macrophages and other immune cells

Where are the location of tonsils in the body?

Pharyngeal tonsil, Palatine tonsil, Lingual tonsil

_____ throughout the lymph node offer support and provide a surface for adhesion of lymphocytes.

Reticular fibers

Antigens

Substances that activate the immune response in the body

collecting ducts

The thoracic duct drains lymph into the circulatory system at the left brachiocephalic vein between the left subclavian and left internal jugular veins.

Antibodies

These proteins attach to the substances that activate the immune response when they enter the body and ultimately cause them to clump togher

Does the thymus decreases in size with age?

Yes-since we develop our immune system capabilities early in life the thymus decreases in size with age.

An antigen is?

a substance that activates the immune response in the body.

What does the thymus do?

aids in T-lymphocyte maturation. It is divided into lobules held together by areolar connective tissue.

B cells produce?

antibodies that will attach to the antigens when they enter the body and ultimately cause the antigens to clump together, or agglutinate.

A foreign pathogen may also be called a(n) _____.

antigen

Pre-T cells

are created in the bone marrow and carried to the thymus in blood vessels. The Pre-T cells are held in the cortex where they are matured to recognize antigens, substances that activate the immune response in the body.

Lymphatic capillaries

are tiny, thin-walled vessels located in the spaces between cells (except in the central nervous system and non-vascular tissues) which serve to drain and process extra-cellular fluid.

When a red blood cell bursts and releases hemoglobin, macrophages in the spleen, what recovers the hemoglobin and releases the iron to be recycled?

bone marrow, or the liver

The Lingual tonsil is located in the ___part of the mouth

bottom back

thoracic duct

collects lymph from most of the body except for the right upper quadrant

Left subclavian vein

each subclavian vein is a continuation of the axillary vein and runs from the outer border of the first rib to the medial border of anterior scalene muscle. From here it joins with the internal jugular vein to form the brachiocephalic vein (also known as "innominate vein").

Lymph flows mainly in one direction, but may also flow back out into the interstitial spaces.

false- lymph only flows in one direction

The spleen

filters the blood, destroying and recycling old red blood cells and storing white blood cells. It also acts as a reservoir for blood and aids in immune functions.

Cells that are developed with specific proteins to recognize foreign pathogens are _____.

immunocompetent

Where does lymph fluid from the right upper quadrant collect?

in the right lymphatic trunk, which passes through the right lymphatic duct into the right subclavian vein.

Inguinal lymph node

is a type of lymph node in the inguinal region. It can refer to: Superficial inguinal lymph nodes. Deep inguinal lymph nodes.

cisterna chyli

is the beginning of the thoracic duct, which receives lymph from the intestinal trunk and two lumbar trunks.

Thoracic duct

is the largest lymphatic vessel within the human body, and plays a key role in the lymphatic system. It is also called the left lymphatic duct or the alimentary duct.

Tonsils contain what?

lymphatic tissues that defend against ingested or inhaled foreign pathogens.

The Palatine tonsil is located in the ___part of the mouth

middle back

Antigens may be any type of?

molecule or cell, including proteins or polysaccharides.

The white pulp consists

of lymphoid tissue surrounding arterioles.

Matured T cells that are immunocompetent

or those that develop specific proteins to recognize foreign invaders, move to the medulla, where they can then connect with the bloodstream and function as immune cells in the body

The spleen has 2 areas-what are they?

red pulp and white pulp.

The tonsil tissues have an outer layer of

stratified squamous epithelium.

The tonsils have crypts and

surrounding areas of lymph nodules with diffuse lymphatic tissue.

B cells (a type of lymphocyte) protect against?

the antigens by differentiating themselves to match the antigens.

Where does the lymph that drains into the thoracic duct comes from?

the lumbar, intestinal, bronchomediastinal, and subclavian lymphatic trunks, and the thoracic duct drains into the left subclavian vein.

Red pulp is red because it is located in areas of the spleen that collect red blood cells.

true

The lymphatic system transports fats to the bloodstream.

true- the lymphatic system transports fats to the bloodstream

The pharyngeal tonsil is located in the ___part of the mouth

upper roof

The red pulp contains?

venous sinuses with red and white blood cells.