org comm midterm
Principles of Organizational Reward
-Renumeration of personnel -Equity -Tenure stability
Constitutive Model (model of models)
-Rhetorical -Semiotic (signs & symbols) -Phenomenological -Cybernetic -Sociopsychological (expression, interaction, influence) -Sociocultural -Critical
Traditional Elements of Organizations
-Social collectivity -Organizational and individual goals -Coordination of activities -Organizational structure -Organizational embeddedness
Principles of Organizational Attitude
-Subordination of individual interest to general interest -Initiative -Espirt de corps (all for one & one for all)
Currently, we are functioning in an economy that is primarily made up of the manufacturing and selling of physical goods
False, golbalization- outsourcing, multi-national or international presence, complex interconnections between business, political and cultural systems
In a cybernetic system, enactment serves to maintain the system goal
False, Mechanisms
Weber believed that all bureaucracies should resemble open systems
False, closed systems
Organizational communication today can primarily be characterized by the S-M-C-R model (the transmission model) of communication
False, constitutive model
The systems approach is prescriptive-it tells organizations "how to function."
False, discriptive- how we should study organizations
Hierarchical ordering is a systems principle that implies that the functioning of one component of the system relies on other components of the system
False, interdepedence
The "New Science" systems theory is founded on the notion that all systems in nature and society are like those described by classical physics
False, not all systems
Fayol's Elements of Management provide an accurate description of what managers actually do on the job
False, provide the "what" and "how"
Systematic soldiering was Taylor's way of breaking up the social interaction in the work groups that often led to slow production
False, selection process for specific jobs
Terrorist organizations are not true organizations
False, true organizations
In Weick's view of organizing, responding to highly equivocal information requires the use of assembly rules
False, use of communication cycles
Today's organizations are not characterized by any of the components of classical organizational theory
False; military, universities, fast food industry have components of classical organizational theory
The machine metaphor includes the characteristics of standardization, specialization, predictability and reliability
False; not reliablility but replacibility
Holism is a property of systems that suggests that a system is more than the sum of its parts
True
Negative feedback is deviation-reducing in that in encourages the system to return to a steady state
True
Network participants who connect disparate groups within the network without membership in either group fulfill the role of liaison
True
Four terms used to describe the machine metaphor
specialization, standardization, replaceability and predictability
A term used to describe when workers under classical management would engage in a practice of discouraging one another from working harder
systematic soldiering
Classical scholars assume workers work. Human Relations scholars assume workers feel. Human Resources scholars assume
worker's work, feel, and think
what is hegemony
"Manufactured consent"
Principles of Management ("How") - Fayol
-Principles of organizational Structure -Power -Reward -Attitude
Fayol's Theory of Classical Management (blueprint)
-An effective organization is highly structured and each individual knows where he or she fits -Clear structures and clear rules -Prescriptive
Principles of Organizational Power
-Centralization -Authority and responsibility -Discipline
Climate Change debate
-Global warming vs. Larger weather patterns -The relationship between "the organization" and "the environment" -Organizations communicating "green" contributions
Theories of the Classical Approaches
-Henri Fayol's Theory of Classical Management -Max Weber's Theory of Bureaucracy -Fredrick Taylor's Theory of Scientific Management
Modern Elements of Organizations
-NPO's and NGO's -Service organizations -Cooperatives -Virtual organizations -Social organizations -Diversity -Irrationality (analogical)
Globalization
-Outsourcing -Multinational or international presence -Complex interconnections between business, political, & cultural systems
Elements of Management ("What") - Fayol
-Planning -Organizing -Command -Coordination -Control
Terrorism
-Post 9/11 organizational environment -Terrorist networks & operations -Military organizations -Government entities (i.e. Homeland Security)
changing population (demographics)
1990: 9% Hispanic, 12.1% Black. 2000: 12.5% Hispanic, 12.3% Black. 1970: 40.3% of households consisted of married couples with their own children; 2000: 24.1%. 1930: 5.4% of population 65 or older. 2000: 12.4% of population 65 or older. 2050: >20% of population 65 or older
What is Theory of Concertive Control
Control, identification, discipline
Values, Heroes, Rites and Rituals, Cultural Networks
Deal and Kennedy's "Strong Culture"
hierarchical ordering
Embeddedness
People alter their behavior when being observed
Hawthorne effect
the classical scholar who is known as the "father of beaucracy"
Max Weber
A systems theory that argues organizational systems are complex and adaptive systems that emerge from disorder
New Science Systems Theory, Chaos Theory, Complexity Theory, or Self-Organizing Systems Theory
These management gurus constructed prescriptions for managerial practice through this model
Peters and Watermans "Excellent Cultures"
Traditional Elements of Communication
Sender -> Message -> Channel -> Receiver (manager) -> (overtime) -> (email) -> (employees)
This type of manager assumes that workers are highly motivated to satisfy achievement and self-actualization needs
Theory Y manager
Communication in classical organizations is highly formal and standardized
True
The relational tradition of network analysis was a response to the fact that the organizational chart was not the best representation of communication flow within an organization
True
The three concepts that characterize systems components include interdependence, hierarchicalordering and permeability
True
There are many organizational types in today's economy such as social organizations, NPOs, NGOs and cooperatives, creating an additional complexity to our modern organizational society
True
What are political frames of reference
Unitary, pluralist, radical
According to Schein's model, these are taken for granted, invisible and preconscious suppositions
basic assumptions or what is level three
This chapter assumes which approach to researching organizational culture? (Hint - "ought to" vs. explanatory)
both prescriptive and descriptive approaches or just both
Karl Weick Charges that we use these in highly equivocal communication scenarios, according to his theory of sensemaking
communication cylcles
This Theory depends heavily on organizational feedback
cybernetic systems theory
This chapter assumes which approach to researching organizational structures
discriptive
Chosen method for many organizational scholars studying culture
ethnography
An organizational way of thinking about Maslow's concept of "self-actualization"
innovation
The metaphor is used to describe classical forms of organizing
machine
This metaphor describes the systems approaches
organism
The content, direction, medium and style of communication from a classical perspective
task, vertical-downward, written and formal communication
According to Blake and Mouton's Leadership Grid, all managers should adopt this form of leadership
team management
what are approaches to power
traditional, symbological, radical