Organic Chem spring semester chap 1

Which of the following statements correctly describe the components of a neutral atom? (Select all that apply.)

-Neutral atoms contain equal numbers of protons and electrons. -The nucleus contains positively charged protons. -The electrons are located outside the nucleus of the atom.

Which of the following statements correctly describe electron orbitals and shells? -Each 2p orbital contains a maximum of 6 electrons. - The second shell can contain a maximum of 8 electrons. - The second shell contains three p orbitals. -There is only one orbital in the first shell.

-The second shell can contain a maximum of 8 electrons. -The second shell contains three p orbitals. -There is only one orbital in the first shell.

Which of the following statements correctly describe electron orbitals and shells? Select all answers that apply.

-The second shell can contain a maximum of 8 electrons. -The second shell contains three p orbitals. -There is only one orbital in the first shell.

Each orbital can have a maximum of how many electrons?

2

How many p orbitals are present in each shell from the second row onward?

3

Atoms will bond chemically so as to attain a complete outer shell of valence electrons. For elements beyond the first row of the periodic table, this means attaining _________ , electrons in the valance shell. By contrast, hydrogen, which is in the first row, will bond so as to attain a valence shell that contains __________, electrons.

8, 2

Which of the following can contain a maximum of 2 electrons? (Select all that apply.)

A 2p orbital The 1s orbital The first shell

Which of the following statements correctly describe a chemical bond?

A chemical bond leads to increased stability. Atoms bond to attain a full outer shell of valence electrons.

Which of the following statements correctly describe the general rule that governs chemical bonding?

An atom will seek to attain the electron configuration of the nearest noble gas. An atom will bond so as to attain a complete valence shell.

Which of the following statements correctly describe a chemical bond? (Select all that apply.)

Atoms bond to attain a full outer shell of valence electrons. A chemical bond leads to increased stability.

Which of the following statements correctly describe the atomic number of an element? (Select all that apply.)

Each element has a unique atomic number. The atomic number is equal to the number of protons in the nucleus.

Which of the following statements correctly describe isotopes? (select all that apply)

Isotopes have different numbers of neutrons. Isotopes have different mass numbers.

Sodium chloride (NaCl) is an ionic compound. Which of the following statements correctly describe the bonding in NaCl?

The electrostatic attractive force between Na+ and Cl- ions defines the ionic bond in NaCl. Na loses an electron to form the cation Na+.

Which of the following options correctly describes the mass number of an atom?

The mass number is given by the sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus.

Which of the following options correctly defines the atomic weight of an element?

The weighted average of the mass of all isotopes of a particular element

An atom may lose or gain electrons to form an ion. If an ion has more electrons than its neutral form, it is called a(n)_______ and has a ______ charge

anion, negative

The elements in the periodic table are organized in order of increasing _____ number. The vertical columns in the periodic table are called _____ and the horizontal rows are called _____.

atomic, groups, periods

Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the same _____ number but a different _____ number. This is because isotopes have the same number of protons but a different number of _____.

atomic, mass, neutrons

An ion with fewer electrons than its neutral form is a(n_____ and has a ______ charge

cation, positive

The atomic weight of an element is the weighted average of the mass of all the _____ of a particular element.

isotopes

The _____ of an atom is equal to the sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus of the atom.

mass number

Each element has a unique number of _____, which is called its atomic number. In an uncharged atom, this number is also equal to the number of _____ present.

protons, electrons

Atoms bond in order to achieve a full shell of _____ electrons, leading to a system that has _____ energy and increased stability, compared to the unbonded atoms.

valence; decreased