Organic Chemistry Chapter 12

Which of the following would result from the polymerization of ethene?

-ch2-ch2-ch2-ch2-

A ring of six carbon atoms, each of which is attached to a hydrogen atom. C6H6

Benzene

a reaction in which atoms or groups of atoms bond to a carbon-carbon double bond. Addition reactions include the addition of hydrogen (hydrogenation) and water

addition

The reaction of hydrogen (H2) and propene using a platinum catalyst is called combustion. substitution. addition. neutralization. condensation.

addition.

The reaction of hydrogen (H2) and propene using a platinum catalyst is called combustion. substitution. addition. neutralization. condensation.

addition.

The odors you associate with lemons, oranges, roses, and lavender are due to alkenes. alkanes. alkynes. thiols. amines.

alkenes.

he compound below is named cyclohexane. cyclohexene. cyclohexyne. benzene. cyclobenzene.

benzene.

An isomer of an alkene in which similar groups in the double bond are on the same side.

cis isomer

an organic compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen

hydrocarbon

A method of naming that indicates substituents at carbons 1 and 3 of a benzene ring.

meta

What is the product of this reaction? CH3CH2CH = CHCH3 + Cl2 ?

pic

organic compounds in which identical molecular formulas have different arrangements of atoms.

structural isomers

An addition reaction in which the components of water. H- and -OH bond to the carbon-carbon double bond to form an alcohol.

hydration

Some alkenes have cis-trans isomers because the carbon atoms in the double bond cannot rotate. each of the carbon atoms in the double bond has four different groups attached to it. one of the carbon atoms in the double bond has two identical groups attached to it. the carbon atoms in the double bond are free to rotate. all of the carbon atoms in the compound are rigid and cannot rotate.

the carbon atoms in the double bond cannot rotate.

The IUPAC name for CH3CH2C CCH3 is 3-pentyne. 2-pentyne. pentyne. 1-methylbutyne. 2-propene.

2-pentyne.

Name the following compound. 2,2-diethylpenatane 2,2-diethylpentene 4-ethyl-4-methyl-5-hexene 3-ethyl-3-methyl-1-hexene 4-ethyl-4-methylhexane

3-ethyl-3-methyl-1-hexene

What is the IUPAC name for the following compound? 4-chloro-4,5-dimethyl-2-hexene 3-chloro-1,3,4-trimethyl-1-pentene 3-chloro-2,3-dimethyl-4-hexene 3-chloro-2,3,5-trimethyl-4-pentene 3-chloro-1,3,4,4-tetramethyl-1-butene

4-chloro-4,5-dimethyl-2-hexene

A hydrocarbon that contains only single bonds between carbon atoms.

Alkane

A hydrocarbon that contains one or more carbon-carbon double bonds (C=C)

Alkene

An alkane minus one hydrogen atom. Alkyl groups are named like the alkanes except a yl ending replaces ane.

Alkyl group

A compound that contains the ring structure of benzene

Aromatic compound

What is the condensed structural formula of the compound propene? CH3CH2CH3 H3C = CH2CH3 H2C = C = CH2 CH3CH = CH2 HC CCH3

CH3CH = CH2

Which set of reactants would give this compound? Pic CH3CH2CH2CH3 + 2HCl CH3CHCHCH3 + 2HCl CH3CH2CH CH2 + 2HCl CH3CHCHCH3 + Cl2 CH3CH2CHCH2 + Cl2

CH3CH2CHCH2 + Cl2

a system for naming organic compounds devised by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry

IUPAC systema

When adding water to alkenes with different numbers of groups attached to the double bonds, the H- adds to the carbon that has he greater number of hydrogen atoms.

Markovnikov's rule

The compound 1-butyne contains all single bonds. a double bond. a triple bond. a ring structure. a bromine atom.

a triple bond.

The compound 1-butyne contains all single bonds. a double bond. a triple bond. a ring structure. a bromine atom.

a triple bond.

A hydrocarbon that contains one or more carbon-carbon triple bonds

alkyne

A compound that contains the ring structure of benzene is called a(n) alkane. cycloalkane. alkyl group. aromatic compound. hydrocarbon.

aromatic compound.

A structural formula that shows the arrangement of the carbon atoms in a molecule but groups each carbon atom with its bonded hydrogen atoms.

condensed structural formula -CH3-CH2- or -ch-

An alkane that is ring or cyclic structure

cycloalkane

A type of structural formula that shows the arrangement of the atoms by drawing each bond in the hydrocarbon

expanded structural formula

The reaction of an alkene and water in the presence of an acid catalyst to produce an alcohol is called hydrolysis. alkoholysis. halogenation. hydration. hydrohydration.

hydration.

the addition of hydrogen (H2) to the double bond of alkenes to yield alkanes

hydrogenation

a simplified structure that shows a zig-zag line in which carbon atoms are represented as the ends of each line and as corners.

line-angle structural formula

When chlorine atoms are attached to carbon 1 and carbon 3 in benzene, the compound is named dichlorobenzene. o-dichlorobenzene. m-dichlorobenzene. p-dichlorobenzene. j-dichlorobenzene.

m-dichlorobenzene.

The name of the compound shown below is Pic o-ethylmethylcyclohexane. m-ethylmethylcyclohexane. o-ethyltoluene. m-ethyltoluene. p-ethyltoluene.

m-ethyltoluene.

The small organic molecule that is repeated many times in a polymer

monomer

Small molecules that make up the repeat unit in polymers are called monomers. alkenes. alkynes. minipolymers. synthetic polymers.

monomers.

a compound made of carbon made of carbon that typically has covalents bonds, is nonpolar has low melting and boiling points is insoluble in water and is flammable

orgainc compound

a method of naming that indicates substituents at carbon 1 and 2 of a benzene ring

ortho

a method of naming that indicates substituents at carbons 1 and 4 of a benzene ring.

para

a very large molecule that is composed of many small repeating monomer units.

polymer

groups of atoms such as an alkyl group or a halogen bonded to the main carbon chain or ring of carbon atoms.

substituent

According to Markovnikov's rule, the hydrogen in HCl adds to the carbon in the double bond attached to the end carbon. that has the smaller number of hydrogen atoms attached. that has the greater number of hydrogen atoms attached. that has the smaller number of carbon atoms attached. that has the greater number of carbon atoms attached.

that has the greater number of hydrogen atoms attached.

According to Markovnikov's rule, the hydrogen in HCl adds to the carbon in the double bond attached to the end carbon. that has the smaller number of hydrogen atoms attached. that has the greater number of hydrogen atoms attached. that has the smaller number of carbon atoms attached. that has the greater number of carbon atoms attached.

that has the greater number of hydrogen atoms attached.

Alkenes and alkynes are called unsaturated compounds because 1. they have the maximum number of hydrogen atoms attached to each carbon in the compound. 2.they have fewer hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon chain than alkanes. 3.they have more hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon chain than alkanes. 4.they have more carbon atoms than alkanes. 5.they have fewer carbon atoms than alkanes.

they have fewer hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon chain than alkanes

Alkenes and alkynes are called unsaturated compounds because they have the maximum number of hydrogen atoms attached to each carbon in the compound. they have fewer hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon chain than alkanes. they have more hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon chain than alkanes. they have more carbon atoms than alkanes. they have fewer carbon atoms than alkanes.

they have fewer hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon chain than alkanes.

an isomer of an alkene in which similar groups in the double bond are on opposite sides

trans isomer