Organizational Behavior Final

In the ________, organizations tend to be more effective when they are structured to fit the demands of the situation.

Contingency approach

The four phases of mentoring are initiation, cultivation, socialization, and definition

False

__________ is a control mechanism in which organizations make sure that the right people do the right things at the right time.

The hierarchy of authority

Which of the following is not a benefit of functional structures?

They work well in dynamic environments

The complete absence of stress is death.

True

To reduce groupthink, someone should be given the role of devil's advocate.

True

Position power is composed of sources of influence that you possess independent of your position or job.

False

The degree to which people focus on either task and technical concerns or people and social concerns when making decisions is known as their analytical preference.

False

The last step in Bagley's decision tree is, "Does the proposed action maximize shareholder value?"

False

The rational model of decision making explains how managers actually make decisions.

False

Secondary appraisals are perceptions of how you are able to deal or cope with a given demand.

True

The first step of Kotter's change model is to establish a sense of urgency.

True

Transformational innovations are targeted at creating new markets and customers.

True

What cultural types represent competing values?

Adhocracy and hierarchy

The career functions of the mentoring process that enhance career development include

Challenging assignments

Which of the following is not an underlying assumption of Lewin's model?

Change should only be taken as a final resort

Grace takes a broad perspective to problem solving and likes to consider many options and future possibilities. She has a long-term perspective and relies heavily on intuition and discussions with others, and is good at finding creative solutions to problems. Grace has a(n) ________ style.

Conceptual

Sharing power, via empowerment, is a means for increasing your own power.

True

Which of the following is a traditional organizational design?

Divisional

In the encounter phase of organizational socialization

Employees' values, skills and attitudes start to shift as the new recruit discovers what the organization is truly like

In making a decision,

Evidence forms the basis of the decision

Managers use _______ in three different ways: to make a decision, to inform a decision, and to support a decision.

Evidence or data

A clan culture has an internal focus and values stability and control.

False

Emotional intelligence has been shown by research to have a large, positive, and significant association with leadership effectiveness.

False

Evidence should never be used to make a decision, only to inform or support one.

False

In Lewin's model, refreezing creates the motivation to change

False

In effective organizations, politics have been eliminated.

False

Unlike other elements of OB, leadership is not influenced by situational factors.

False

When implementing cultural change through the use of organizational activities, processes, or outcomes, a leader is operating at the level of espoused values.

False

One of the "pros" of _________ organizations is clear roles and responsibilities.

Functional

Individuals who are behavioral in decision-making style

Have a tendency to avoid conflict

_________ is a stress reduction technique that is expensive because it requires a trained psychologist or counselor.

Holistic wellness

In the ___________ subprocess, a learning organization makes sense of the information it has acquired.

Information interpretation

Which of the following statements about innovation is true?

Innovation can be motivated by profit

When a leader is encouraging employees to question the status quo and seek innovative and creative solutions to organizational problems, he or she is engaging in

Intellectual stimulation

Companies often adopt continuous improvement programs in pursuit of the _________ approach.

Internal processes

The two dimensions of the competing values framework are

Internal-external and stable-flexible

_________ are the dimensions of situational control in Fiedler's model.

Leader-member relations, task structure, and position power

Which of the following is a "soft" influence tactic?

Rational persuasion

One's reputation is an example of ________ power.

Referent

Leader-member exchange theory focuses on the leader's

Relationship with followers

The primary purpose of _________ behaviors is to enhance employees' skills and to create positive work relationships among coworkers and between the leader and his or her employees.

Relationship-oriented

A person who is indifferent to and ignores another's influence attempt is exhibiting

Resistance

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a change agent that would cause resistance to change?

Respecting existing cultural traditions

Which of the following is not one of the career functions of mentoring?

Role Modeling

_____ is the sense that you have control over your work and its outcomes.

Self-determination

The socialization tactic that ranges from a newcomer being socialized over time with the help of an experienced member, to the newcomer not being provided with a role model, is

Serial versus disjunctive

Which of the following mechanisms for changing organizational culture addresses all three levels of culture?

Stories, legends, or myths about key people and events

A ________ outlines an organization's long-term direction and the actions necessary to achieve the planned results.

Strategic plan

A coalition is an informal group bound together by the active pursuit of a single issue.

True

A key variable in Fiedler's model is situational control, which is composed of leader-member relations, task structure, and the leader's position power.

True

Artifacts include an organization's acronyms, manner of dress, and myths and stories told about the organization.

True

Intuition is represented by two distinct processes—one automatic, involuntary, and mostly effortless; and the other being controlled, voluntary, and effortful.

Ture

The ________ principle specifies that each employee should report to only one manager.

Unity of command

The participation and involvement approach to overcoming resistance to change should be used when

the initiators do not have all the information they need to make the change.

Organizational culture is not statistically related to any measures of organizational effectiveness.

False

In the _________ bias, a decision maker subconsciously decides something even before investigating, and then seeks information that supports the decision.

Confirmation

In influence sharing, the manager adopts the _________ style.

Consultation

In Kotter's step of creating the guiding coalition, managers

Create a cross- functional, cross- level group of people with enough power to lead the change

Organizational climate is defined as the set of shared, taken-for-granted, implicit assumptions that a group holds and that determines how it perceives, thinks about, and reacts to its various environments.

False

The making of new mental connections regarding the creative task or problem at hand is represented in the _________ stage of the creative performance process.

Idea generation

_______ might be any attempt to control or manipulate the images related to a person, organization, or idea.

Impression management

Leaders increase psychological empowerment by engaging in behaviors that enhance perceptions of

Meaningfulness, self-determination, competence, and progress

According to research, which of the following statements about men's and women's leadership traits is true?

Men and women are equally assertive

ABC Company states, "We put the smiles on kids' faces." This is its

Mission

An example of social and political pressures for change is

Oil prices

Which of the following is not a symptom of groupthink?

Overestimating of opponents

Which of the following is one of the assumptions underlying nonrational models of decision making?

Rational decision making is a struggle

___________ focuses on clarifying employees' role and task requirements and providing followers with positive and negative rewards contingent on performance

Transactional leadership

Coalition tactics are considered one of the "hard" influence tactics.

True

Consideration involves leader behavior associated with creating mutual respect or trust and focuses on a concern for group members' needs and desires.

True

Empowerment not only positively affects job performance, it also tends to increase citizenship behaviors and job satisfaction and decrease turnover intentions.

True

If there is a lack of information or inaccurate information about the change, management should adopt an education and communication approach to managing resistance to change.

True

In a horizontal structure, workgroups are created to improve collaboration and work on common products.

True

Meditation is an approach to stress reduction that involves redirecting thoughts away from self, following a structured procedure.

True

Mission statements represent the reason that an organization exists.

True

One of the important functions of organizational culture is to facilitate collective commitment.

True

One way to make a bad impression on others is to have a negative mindset.

True

Inspirational motivation involves establishing an attractive vision, the use of emotional arguments, and exhibition of optimism and enthusiasm

True

In the change and acquisition phase of organizational socialization, the newcomer's values, skills, and attitudes start to shift as the new recruit discovers what the organization is truly like.

False

Managers should use the goal accomplishment approach to measuring effectiveness when organizational performance is strongly influenced by specific processes.

False

Managers, for instance, have personal power because they control your pay, your work assignments, your hiring and firing, and your evaluations. In contrast, expert and referent are forms of personal power, which you possess independent of your position or job.

False

Meetings should be held as scheduled, whether or not there is a goal for a meeting.

False

Not everyone is a leader who exerts influence over others in pursuit of organizationally relevant matters.

False

Strategic skills are the most important to managers at middle levels of the organization.

False

The strategic contingencies' satisfaction approach to organizational assessment relates to inputs rather than outputs.

False

In a __________ structure, teams or workgroups, either temporary or permanent, are created to improve collaboration and work on common products.

Horizontal

Which of the following is not an advantage of group decision making?

Less pressure to conform

Which of the following interpersonal traits has research shown to have a negative relationship with leadership effectiveness?

Machiavellianism

In an organization, coordination of effort is achieved through the unity of command principle

True