Overview of nutrition Chapter 1 (BMS 305)

How much energy does fat provide?

9 kcal/g

What study is used for researching the incidence, distribution, and control of disease in a population?

Epidemiological studies

What study is used for testing cause-and-effect relationships between variables?

Experimental studies

What study involves researchers to ask people to adopt a new behavior. These trials help determine the effectiveness of such interventions of the development or prevention of disease.

Human intervention (or clinical) trials

What are known as nutrients that can be made by the body?

Non essential nutrients

Which one of the following is a weakness of Epidemiological studies: a) cannot prove cause and effect b) cannot use certain treatments for clinical or ethical reasons c) cannot generalized findings on human beings to all human beings d) cannot apply results from test tubes or animals to human beings

a

What study involves researchers to analyze data collected from a selected group of people at intervals over a certain period of time?

cohort studies

What was the trend with BRFSS?

higher BMI was added

Carbohydrate, fat, and protein, are called _____ because the body requires them in relatively large amounts (many grams daily)

macronutrients

What is known as the science of foods and the nutrients and other substances they contain, and of their actions within the body?

nutrition

How did the BRFSS sampled the obese population?

phone calls

What is the process of choosing the members of the experimental and control groups without bias?

randomization

What is used as the systematic process for conducting research?

the scientific method

True or false: Vitamins, minerals, and water do not yield energy.

true

What is the recommended percentage amount of protein for Americans?

10-35%

What is the recommended percentage amount of fat for Americans?

20-35%

How much energy does carbohydrate provide?

4 kcal/g

What is the recommended percentage amount of carbohydrate for Americans.

45-65%

Calculate the percentage of kcalories for fat: Once slice of bread with 1 tablespoon of peanut butter on it contains 16 grams of carbohydrate, 7 grams of protein, and 9 grams of fat.

47%

How much energy does alcohol provide?

7 kcal/g

Which one of the following is a weakness of Experimental studies: a) cannot apply results from test tubes or animals to human beings b) cannot control variables that may influence the development or the prevention of a disease. c) cannot prove cause and effect d) all of the above

a

Which one of the following is strength of Experimental studies: a) can narrow down the list of possible causes b) can raise questions to pursue through other research c) can apply some findings on human beings to some groups of beings. d) none

c

What are known as the units by which energy is measured?

calories (kcal=measurement of heat)

The Purpose of the Framingham study was to study the incidence and prevalence of _____ _____ and its risk factors over time within family.

cardiovascular disease (CVD)

What study involves investigators to select a group of exposed individuals and a group of non-exposed individuals and follows up both groups to compare the incidence of disease (or rate of death) in the two groups?

case control studies

What is known as nutrients that must be supplied to the body only under special conditions, such as stress, illness, or aging.

conditionally essential nutrients

What study involves researchers to observe how much and what kinds of foods a group of people eat and how healthy those people are.

cross sectional studies

Which one of the following is a strength of Epidemiological studies: a) can control conditions (for the most part) b) can determine effects of a variable c) can apply some findings on human beings to some groups of beings. d) can narrow down the list of possible causes

d

What is an experiment in which neither the subjects nor the researchers know which subjects are members of the experimental group and which are serving as control subjects, until after the experiment is over?

double blind experiments

What are known as nutrients a person must obtain from food because the body cannot make them for itself in sufficient quantity to meet physiological needs?

essential nutrients

Whole grains contain the entire grain seed or "______"

kernel

What study involves researchers to test possible disease causes and treatments in a laboratory where all conditions can be controlled?

laboratory based animal studies

What study involves researchers to examine the effects of a specific variable on a tissue, cell, or molecule isolated from a living organism.

laboratory based in vitro studies

Vitamins and minerals are required only in small amounts as they are known as ______

micronutrients

What gives you the most nutrients for the fewest calories?

nutrient dense foods

What is an inert, harmless medication given to provide comfort and hope; (a sham treatment used in controlled research studies)

placebo