Part ch 14 BRAIN
Which of the following is a property of the blood-brain barrier? ANSWER: It is generally permeable to lipid-soluble compounds. The capillary endothelial cells are interconnected by tight junctions. Astrocytes surround the CNS capillaries. It is absent in portions of the hypothalamus. All of the answers are correct.
All of the answers are correct
Autonomic centers that control blood pressure, heart rate, and digestion are located in the diencephalon. cerebellum. medulla oblongata. mesencephalon. pons.
Medulla Oblongata
The control of heart rate and blood pressure is based in the ANSWER: diencephalon. cerebrum. cerebellum. heart. medulla oblongata.
Medulla Oblongata
Damage to the substantia nigra causes a decrease in the neurotransmitter dopamine. This causes a gradual, generalized increase in muscle tone, which is the main symptom of ANSWER: rabies. Alzheimer's disease. Parkinson's disease. tetanus. myasthenia gravis.
Parkinson's disease.
The layer of the meninges that closely follows every gyrus and sulcus is the ANSWER: neural cortex. arachnoid membrane. pia mater. dura mater. subarachnoid mater.
Pia Mater
Which of the following is not a function of cerebrospinal fluid? ANSWER: provides buoyant support for the brain provides cushioning for delicate neural tissues acts as a transport medium for waste products acts as a transport medium for nutrients provides ATP for impulse transmission
Provides ATP for impulse transmission
Damage to the superior colliculi would interfere with the reflex ability to ANSWER: react to loud noises. react to a bright light. express rage. voluntarily move the arm. maintain proper posture.
React to a bright light
Sensory information is processed and relayed to the cerebrum by the ANSWER: pons. midbrain. thalamus. cerebellum. medulla oblongata.
Thalamus
Terry suffers from dissociation of memories from their emotional content as the result of an automobile accident. What system of the brain is probably damaged? ANSWER: the thalamus the prefrontal lobe the limbic system the putamen the general interpretive area
The Limbic System
Which of the following cranial nerves is classified as mixed nerve? olfactory nerve (I) oculomotor (III) optic nerve (II) vagus nerve (X)
Vagus Nerve (X)
Cortical regions that interpret sensory information or coordinate motor responses are called ________ areas. ANSWER: sensory processing somesthetic commissural association
association
At the optic chiasm ANSWER: axons from the temporal halves of each retina cross. axons from the retinae synapse on those from the other half. axons from the nasal halves of each retina cross. the optic nerve enters the cerebellum. the olfactory nerve crosses to the opposite side of the brain
axons from the nasal halves of each retina cross.
The medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain comprise the ________
brain stem
The highest levels of information processing occur in the ANSWER: medulla oblongata. corpus callosum. diencephalon. cerebellum. cerebrum.
cerebrum.
The corpus callosum is composed of ANSWER: association fibers. commissural fibers. arcuate fibers. longitudinal fasciculi. projection fibers.
commissural fibers.
Which of the following cranial nerves innervates the tongue musculature? ANSWER: abducens nerve (VI) trigeminal nerve (V) facial nerve (VII) accessory nerve (XI
facial nerve (VII)
The folds of the surface of the cerebellum are called ________.
folia
Parkinson's disease is the result of ANSWER: decreased levels of acetylcholine from neurons in the substantia nigra. inadequate production of GABA by neurons in the basal nuclei. weak response of the red nuclei of the mesencephalon. inadequate production of dopamine by substantia nigra neurons. hyperactivity of the limbic system.
inadequate production of dopamine by substantia nigra neurons
Excitation of neurons in the basal nuclei would lead to ANSWER: increased muscle tone. inability to sense pain. loss of consciousness. involuntary speech production. sexual arousal.
increased muscle tone.
Cerebrospinal fluid is secreted by ependymal cells. is formed by a passive process. contains blood cells and blood plasma. has almost the same composition as blood plasma. is normally produced twice as fast as it is removed
is secreted by ependymal cells
The two cerebral hemispheres are separated by the ANSWER: central sulcus. postcentral sulcus. transverse fissure. parieto-occipital sulcus. longitudinal fissure.
longitudinal fissure.
The auditory cortex is located in the ANSWER: temporal lobe. frontal lobe. occipital lobe. parietal lobe. insula.
temporal lobe.
Stimulation of the reticular formation results in ANSWER: decreased cerebral function. coma. increased consciousness. sleep. coughing.
Increased Consciousness
The medulla oblongata relays auditory information to the ANSWER: superior colliculi. inferior colliculi. red nuclei. substantia nigra. cerebral peduncles.
Inferior Colliculi
There are ________ pairs of cranial nerves. ANSWER: 31 22 12 2 6
12
The choroid plexus produces CSF at a rate of about ANSWER: 250 mL/day. 150 mL/day. 1000 mL/day. 50 mL/day. 500 mL/day
500 mL/day
The white matter of the cerebellum forms the ANSWER: flocculonodular lobe. folia. pyramid. vermis. arbor vitae.
Arbor Vitae
The respiratory rhythmicity center is located in ANSWER: the medulla oblongata. the cerebrum. the cerebellum. the pons. the midbrain.
The medulla Oblongata
Which of the following help to protect the brain? ANSWER: the bones of the skull the CSF the blood-brain barrier the cranial meninges All of the answers are correct
all of the answers are correct
The general interpretive area ANSWER: is the site of long-term memory storage. is the speech center of the brain. allows us to interpret what is read or heard. is responsible for predicting future consequences. may be damaged by even a small stroke.
allows us to interpret what is read or heard.
Bob is struck on the left side of the head and is knocked unconscious. When he recovers consciousness, he can hear individual words but cannot understand the meaning of phrases or sentences. This implies damage to his ANSWER: temporal lobe. speech center. general interpretive area. prefrontal lobe. vestibulocochlear nerve.
general interpretive area.
The folds of the cerebrum are called ________.
gyri
Which sensation(s) does the vestibulocochlear nerve carry? ANSWER: atmospheric pressure hearing and equilibrium hearing, equilibrium, and taste equilibrium hearing
hearing and equilibrium
The visual cortex is located in the ANSWER: frontal lobe. temporal lobe. insula. occipital lobe. parietal lobe.
occipital lobe.
Damage to the premotor cortex of the frontal lobe would interfere with the ability to ANSWER: understand spoken words. play the piano. sense the texture of velvet. understand written words. understand visual images
play the piano.
The primary motor cortex is the surface of the ANSWER: postcentral gyrus. precentral gyrus. arcuate gyrus. corpus callosum. insula.
precentral gyrus.
The region of the brain responsible for predicting the consequence of events or actions is the ANSWER: cerebral ganglia. reticular formation. temporal lobe. prefrontal cerebral cortex. occipital association cortex.
prefrontal cerebral cortex.
The tympanic reflex ANSWER: restricts the movement of auditory ossicles. causes the pupil of the eye to constrict when subjected to a bright light. triggers a blink in response to sudden noises. causes the eyes to move in the opposite direction of a rotational movement of the head. produces rapid blinking when something comes into contact with the cornea.
restricts the movement of auditory ossicles.
you suspect your friend has damage to cranial nerve I when he is unable to ANSWER: hear your voice. nod his head. blink his eyes. smell his food. smile.
smell his food.
Chambers within the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid are called ______.
ventricles
Which of the following cranial nerves relays information regarding hearing, motion and balance? ANSWER: facial nerve (VII) vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII) hypoglossal nerve (XII) trochlear nerve (IV)
vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)
