Participation Quizzes
Nurses in community health often use epidemiology because in the community, it is often difficult to control the environment. Which statement demonstrates an epidemiological strategy for monitoring disease trends?
A CHN investigates reported cases of whooping cough in an elementary school
The CHN identifies an elder abuse problem stemming from caregiver stress among families in the local community, resulting from the lack of caregiver support services. What would be the next step in the community health nursing process?
Analyze the community problem
In a team meeting, the public health nurse manager reviews occurred recent experience, in order to encourage staff to examine behaviour and its meaning. Which leadership behaviour is this public health nurse manager demonstrating?
Analyzing
A nurse who speaks only English has just been assigned to do an intake interview for a new client who is a refugee with very limited English proficiency. What should the nurse do to ensure sound nursing practice that respects the client's cultural needs?
Attempt to acquire a professional interpreter and ask the interpreter to sign a confidentiality agreement.
Which group leadership style is best used in situations where decisions need to be made quickly, or when high productivity is needed?
Autocratic
What is the number one killer of women in Canada, and a major cause of disability in this population?
Cardiovascular disease
What strategy aims to reduce health care spending, while at the same time maintaining and improving the quality of care, and is often more complex in rural settings than in urban settings?
Case management
A CHN is invited to work with a coalition of churches to address safety concerns regarding children in the local community. The nurse provides training in problem-solving skills, manages conflict, and facilitates which implementation role?
Change partner
What must the nurse do in order to reach the desired goal of maximizing the full immunization rates for preventable communicable disease and increasing herd immunity levels?
Check an individual's immunization status at each and every visit
What will a CHN be most likely to do as part of a formative program evaluation?
Conduct clinical-record audits for quality assurance
Which term refers to the process that connects clients and services to ensure continuity of care and prevent unnecessary hospital readmission?
Discharge planning
Which occurrence marked a change in public health strategies from illness prevention to health promotion in the community?
Emphasis on the PHN's role in the prevention of chronic illness
Community competence has been linked to which one of the following?
Empowerment
What developed as a response to the technological advances in healthcare science?
Ethic of care
The Romanow Report (2002) identified the most rapidly growing area of community health care as being which one of the following
Home care
Intraprofessional collaboration differs from interprofessional collaboration in which way?
Intraprofessional collaboration involves professionals from the same discipline who come together to work in partnership.
Which of the following statements is true regarding an ethical decision-making process?
It considers ethical principles, client values and abilities, and professional obligations
The Community Health Nursing Standards of Practice lists advocacy as part of the CHN's role. In what way are CHNs carrying out their role as advocates?
Participate in legislative and policymaking activities that influence health determinants and access to services
Which community health nurse (CHN) activity demonstrates tertiary prevention related to mental health?
Providing case management services that link clients with serious mental illnesses to mental health and community support services.
What is the gold standard of evidence gathering in evidence-informed practice?
Randomized controlled clinical trials
Developing a physical activity program to increase wellness and decrease the prevalence of chronic illness in a susceptible population is an example of which process?
Risk reduction
What is an example of a primary prevention activity for the hepatitis C virus (HCV)?
Screening blood products
A nurse supports a culturally safe experience by using which one of the following statements?
"Tell me about your health care beliefs and practices."
Participation, leadership, asking why, and a sense of community are features of which community concept?
Community capacity
Which stage of assessing client health concerns describes the health concern using past and present data to project future population needs?
Interactive
What is an example of tertiary prevention
Intervention that aims to interrupt the course of disease
The statement "will decrease the rate of teenage pregnancy by 5 to 10%," when part of a SMART objective for an initiative aimed at reducing teen pregnancy, meets which part of the objective?
It is measurable
What is the description for the resistance of a group or community to an infectious agent?
Its herd immunity
What is a nationally notifiable disease?
Measles
Barriers to the delivery of services for rural underserved populations include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
· Lack of trained personnel to provide essential services · Prohibitive cost of providing special services in rural areas · Provider insensitivity about rural lifestyle · Lack of public transportation
For CHNs who are either just beginning their careers or who are just starting a new position, the best source of information about the community comes from which of the following groups?
Community members
Cultural awareness and cultural sensitivity are steps to reaching what goal?
Cultural safety
Jordan attends group meetings with his preceptor and notes that his preceptor often provides praise to the other group members for their contributions during the meeting. Which group role is the preceptor demonstrating?
Maintenance role; encourager
What is a core competency required of PHNs?
Skill in developing policy and planning programs to improve health
Which report made the recommendation that public health nursing should become a specialty area in advanced education?
Weir Report
Stress, strain, and burnout are words used to reflect the negative effects of the family caregiver burden. What must the community health nurse (CHN) be aware of when assessing for caregiver stress? (Select all that apply.)
·Social withdrawal ·Lack of concentration
How would a primary health care team composed of nurses, nurse practitioners, family physicians, and dietitians be described?
A collaborative client-centred practice
Which of the following statements accurately distinguishes a team from a group?
A team often performs at a more advanced level of unity than is required of a group
The total of all changes, not just physiological changes, that occur in a person with the passing of time can best be referred to as which of the following?
Aging
What are systematically developed recommendations that facilitate nursing decision making?
Clinical practice guidelines
A CHN provides free, community-based influenza immunization clinics during the months of October and November. This is an example of which of the following concepts that is basic to community health nursing practice?
Community as client
When the community health nurse (CHN) puts emphasis on community strengths in order to deal with community health concerns and blends professional knowledge with knowledge of the community to further develop community capacity in a collaborative milieu with community members, the nurse is using which approach to community?
Community as partner
Which one of the following is an essential element of capacity-building approaches?
Community participation
A Filipino outreach program works with the CHN to train lay Filipino health care workers to provide basic services and education within the local Filipino community. Which concept that is basic to community health nursing practice is best described by this intervention?
Community partnership
Knowledge of communication patterns, social organization, personal space, time perception, and biological variations are important factors to consider for what purpose?
Conducting a cultural assessment
What would be an example of secondary prevention for infectious disease prevention?
Conducting partner notifications for sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
Collaboration is different from, but interdependent on, which approaches?
Coordination and cooperation
The development of cultural competence is an ongoing process that is challenging and sometimes painful as nurses struggle to adopt new ways of thinking and performing. The CHN who understands the basis of his or her own behaviors and how those behaviors can influence the delivery of competent care to persons from other cultures is demonstrating what attribute of cultural competence?
Cultural awareness
Which leadership style is best used in groups that meet for a long period of time, have membership that brings together a variety of different experiences, and need to problem-solve and promote group member growth?
Democratic
The ethic of care was developed in the mid-1980s and early 1990s in response to the technical advances in health care science and what other desire of the nursing profession?
Differentiate nursing practice from medical practice.
A CHN teaches a client with asthma to recognize and avoid exposure to asthma triggers and assists the family in implementing specific protection strategies, such as removing carpets and avoiding pets. What level of intervention is represented by this practice?
Discharge planner and referral agent
Which theoretical framework refers to the fulfillment of each individual's needs as well as the individual's opportunity to reach full potential as a human?
Equity
What is the primary reason why there has been minimal involvement of CHNs in randomized controlled trials?
Ethical issues such as withholding an intervention are problematic.
The concepts of culture, race, and ethnicity influence our understanding of human behavior. An awareness and understanding of these concepts assists the CHN to be more culturally sensitive about the differences and implications related to the terms used. What does the term ethnicity mean?
Ethnicity is the identifying characteristics of culture such as religion and national origin
The underlying principle of evidence-informed practice (EIP) is that high-quality care is based on which one of the following?
Evidence
Home health care can be defined as a broad spectrum of health and social services offered in the home environment to recovering, disabled, or chronically ill persons. Who are considered essential participants in providing the needed maintenance care for the home care client?
Family caregivers
Which historical figure is considered nursing's first moral leader and community-oriented nurse?
Florence Nightingale
Protecting the nation's food supply from contamination by all the virulent microbes is complex, costly, and time consuming. However, much food-borne illness, regardless of causal organisms, can be prevented through simple changes in which area?
Food preparation, handling, and storage
A group member is frequently late for meetings and does not have the expected work completed. This is delaying the group's ability to achieve its goals and represents an example of a lack of which group dimension?
Group involvement
What presents a challenge for human papillomavirus (HPV) prevention?
HPV warts may grow in areas that a barrier (e.g., a condom) does not cover.
CHNs recognize that the prevalence of chronic disease increases with the lengthening of the lifespan and the presence of highly technical care. What then is a priority of focus for community health nursing activities for individuals who have a chronic illness?
Healing the body, mind, and spirit
Which infectious disease intervention is most representative of secondary prevention?
Health care workers are required to have a tuberculosis (TB) skin test or chest X-ray.
A business executive develops symptoms of the flu one day after returning by air from a cross-Atlantic business trip that ran for two consecutive, stressful 10-hour days. What relationships are illustrated by this development of flu symptoms?
Host, agent and environment
The CHN is meeting with staff to systematically plan for a new outreach program. Program planning will assist them to do which of the following?
Identify the resources that will help them meet their program objectives.
Injuries and accidents are the most common causes of preventable disease, disability, and death among children. The CHN recognizes that most accidents occur in which location?
In the home
What is a social determinant of health?
Income
What is considered to be the most important determinant of health
Income and social status
What is considered to be the most important determinant of health?
Income and social status
Which chronic health problem adversely affects the aging experience but is difficult to estimate the numbers affected or the costs associated with managing it?
Incontinence
The chicken pox virus is one of the most contagious of all microbial agents. Which characteristic of this agent best describes this organism's ability to spread rapidly among school-aged children?
Its infectivity
Which term refers to shared and generational societal norms about what constitutes right or wrong conduct?
Morals
Nursing interventions and approaches for helping individuals and families assume that an active role in their care should focus on empowerment rather than enabling. What is the underlying principle of empowerment?
Professional-client partnership
Which of the following is a planning and evaluation framework that illustrates, in diagrammatic form, the connectedness of the basic components of a program?
Program Logic Model
The need for equal standards of access to preventive care must be achieved for risk-reduction strategies to be effective with at-risk groups. This finding speaks to the importance of using risk-reduction strategies within which activity?
Promoting capacity building approaches that foster broad community participation
Disease prevention, health protection, health maintenance, and palliation are distinct parts of which of the Canadian Community Health Nursing Standards of Practice?
Promoting health
Many behaviours place individuals of all ages, genders, ethnicity, or any other factors at greater risk for STIs. What should the nurse discuss to include primary prevention interventions in discussions with clients?
Safer sex
Mass screening programs to assess dental health and hearing in elementary school children exemplifies which type of prevention
Secondary prevention
A nurse is concerned about the accuracy of a purified protein derivative (PPD) test in identifying cases of TB exposure for follow-up chest X-ray. Which measure will help the nurse address the validity of the test?
Sensitivity
Collaboration and partnership are linked to which Ottawa Charter strategy to reach Canada's population health goals?
Strengthen community action
A 3-year smoking cessation program for teens has just concluded. What type of evaluation will the staff conduct?
Summative evaluation
A CHN becomes aware that a teen smoking-cessation program offered at the health department is a demonstration project. In evaluating whether this program can be continued after initial funding is gone, the nurse would be concerned with which aspect of the program?
Sustainability
The school nurse is interested in providing an antismoking program at the local high school and is aware that programs are more effective for this age group when they focus on the short-term effects, not on the long-term effects of smoking. Besides including health risks and cosmetic effects, what else would be a priority for the nurse to include in the program?
Teaching social skills to resist peer pressure
A family from Ottawa takes a long-awaited vacation in sunny Mexico, spending days on the beach eating fresh fruit from a nearby vendor and drinking bottled water. What is the family altering that may impact their risk of disease?
The agent-host-environment interaction
What is the single most important factor in the improvement of the health status of women and their families?
The education of women
When conflict occurs within a group, this conflict can be transformed when which of the following occurs?
The group members verbalize mutually shared beliefs
What were early public health efforts driven by in Canada?
The need to deal with epidemics
One of the basic concepts in epidemiology is the concept of risk. How is risk can be defined?
The probability that an event will occur within a specified time period.
A description of health-related patterns in a population should take into account which information?
The size of the population at risk during a specified time period
Studies in analytic epidemiology differ from descriptive epidemiology because they seek to answer what kind of questions?
The why of disease patterns
Community health nurses (CHNs) need to be cognizant of changing patterns in the cultural composition of the community for which of the following reasons?
To provide culturally congruent care
A communicable disease outbreak has occurred in a town. At a town meeting with public health officials, a community health nurse (CHN) is asked to explain the phrase "virulent organism." What definition of virulence is correct?
Virulence is the ability to produce severe physical reactions.
Which historical nursing figure contributed to establishing the foundation for community health and nursing in community health by working in military field hospitals, using a population-based approach that improved nursing care and environmental conditions?
Weir Report
Two CHNs schedule a day to walk through a low-income community to better understand its boundaries as well as the trends, rhythm, stability, and changes that can affect the health of that community. What is this direct data-collection method often called?
Windshield survey
Which statement supports the need for a preventive focus for men's health? (Select all that apply.)
· Men tend to avoid medical help as long as possible. · Men frequently engage in risk-taking behaviour.
CHNs working in public health have many functions and roles, depending on the needs and resources of an area. Roles of public health nurses (PHNs) can include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
· Referral process · Advocate · Assessor of literacy ·Primary caregiver
What are the major sources of information for program evaluation?
·Program clients ·Community indicators ·Program records
