Passing the PPR TExES Exam for EC-12 Teachers

In a middle school classroom, which of the following methods for returning graded papers most effectively and appropriately maximizes instructional time? A. Distributing graded assignments quietly while students complete seat work B. Calling students up to the front of the classroom to pick up graded assignments C. Assigning a trustworthy student to hand out graded assignments during class D. Returning graded assignments during the last few minutes of the class while students wait

Option (A) is correct because handing out papers while students work maximizes instructional time by giving students an instruction-related task to complete while the teacher quietly takes care of an administrative task.

Which of the following teacher strategies best promotes ongoing communication to enhance parental involvement in student learning? A. Creating an accessible class blog to provide parents with a forum for open discussion B. Using graphing software to display class progress to parents at the end of each grading period C. Producing a monthly slide show for parents of student work samples and class projects D. Establishing an educational social networking site for parents

Option (A) is correct because a blog will allow communication between the teacher and the parents regarding information related to student learning.

An intermediate-level English-language learner (ELL) in a middle school class is having difficulty with writing. When responding to short-answer questions, the student writes with little detail and with frequent errors. To best support the student, the teacher should: A. provide simple sentence stems. B. provide a minilesson on paraphrasing text. C. allow the ELL to use recently memorized phrases. D. allow the ELL to analyze genres to learn how to mimic writing features.

Option (A) is correct because a student at the intermediate level whose writing lacks detail and contains frequent errors would benefit from using simple sentence stems provided by the teacher. Use of sentence stems could ensure that the student includes a set number of details, and the stems provide a model that can reduce student errors.

Which of the following is a general education teacher's primary responsibility in teaching special education students? A. Implementing modifications for students according to their Individualized Education Program (IEP) B. Identifying academic and behavioral goals for each student according to the results of a comprehensive evaluation C. Planning and coordinating annual Admission Review and Dismissal (ARD) meetings for each student D. Providing all modifications that the teacher believes are necessary to help each student succeed in class

Option (A) is correct because all teachers working with a student are required by law to follow the student's IEP.

A middle school teacher observes an unusually high number of behavior problems in one class. The students are violating multiple rules during a typical class period despite having watched a presentation on class expectations at the beginning of the school year. Which of the following strategies is the best next step for the teacher to take to help improve the behavior of the class? A. Rewarding the class when the students keep violations below a predetermined number B. Setting up a video camera to record student violations to show parents at conferences C. Assigning extra work for the class to make up for instruction time that was lost due to violations D. Sending any student who violates the same rule more than once to the principal's office

Option (A) is correct because an incentive system is an effective way to motivate students to want to maintain correct behavior.

A high school student expresses political and religious views during class and often asks career-oriented questions. The student is most likely in which of the following stages of Erikson's stages of psychosocial development? A. Identity versus role confusion B. Industry versus inferiority C. Trust versus mistrust D. Ego integrity versus ego despair

Option (A) is correct because at the identity versus role confusion stage, development primarily depends on what a person does. Adolescents begin to develop a strong affiliation and devotion to ideals, causes, and friends.

Which of the following steps should a high school teacher take first when introducing procedures at the beginning of the year? A. Explaining the details of the procedures B. Correcting misunderstandings about the procedures C. Reinforcing effective use of the procedures D. Practicing the procedures regularly with the class

Option (A) is correct because at this age level the details of the procedures should be explained before actually practicing the procedures.

Ms. Tatum is teaching a mathematics unit that is an essential core of the Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS). According to the suggested district timeline, she has only one more day to finish teaching the unit; however, based on the students' performance, she requires three additional days to teach the unit. Which of the following is the best practice for addressing the students' needs? A. Continuing with her lesson plans to ensure that the students have the opportunity to complete the entire unit B. Adhering to the district timeline and returning to the unit at the end of the year C. Assigning the additional material from the unit for the students to complete as homework D. Altering the lesson plans by reducing the student-learning objectives for the unit

Option (A) is correct because completing the lessons in the unit best ensures the students learn the material identified in the TEKS as essential to know. A district timeline is best utilized as a flexible framework, not rigid requirement.

(Use the information from term 55) A primary benefit of creating the list of people to interview is that it will facilitate: A. scheduling to maximize learning opportunities. B. planning experiences for students to practice problem solving. C. sequencing of learning activities in a logical way. D. improving students' understanding of the unit's content material.

Option (A) is correct because creating a list and contacting city officials to schedule interviews will allow students to spend as much time as possible in an interview learning from an expert. The advance notice will allow the officials to prepare thoughtful and appropriate responses.

A teacher would like to create a more collaborative environment in the classroom but does not know how to implement strategies to do so. Which of the following would be the best first step in developing more collaboration? A. Observing another teacher who effectively implements collaborative activities on a regular basis B. Grouping the students by various learning styles to promote more collaboration C. Consulting with the administrator to enlist suggestions for improving the level of collaboration in the classroom D. Discussing the goals with the school guidance counselor to learn more about the psychology behind grouping students

Option (A) is correct because observing another teacher effectively implement collaborative activities will provide the teacher with firsthand observations and a stronger knowledge base to readily integrate collaborative activities into his or her own classroom.

*Allows for purposeful selection of student work. *Promotes self-reflection on accomplishments. *Provides an emphasis on improvement. *Encourages meaningful goal setting. The listed information best describes: A. portfolio assessment. B. objective testing. C. observational assessment. D. performance testing.

Option (A) is correct because portfolio assessments provide students an opportunity to select the work they want included, invite students to reflect on the growth they see, and encourage improvement by allowing students to set goals based on strengths and weaknesses.

Mr. Chan is preteaching intermediate-level English-language learners key content-area vocabulary for an upcoming unit. He begins by telling them the definitions of the words. To most effectively help them comprehend the meanings, Mr. Chan's best next step is to have students: A. relate the words to their daily lives. B. create a sentence for each of the words. C. memorize the words and their relevant definitions. D. practice the words with word games and puzzles.

Option (A) is correct because relating the vocabulary to the students' daily lives will build upon their prior knowledge and, therefore, help them make personal connections to the words.

Which of the following strategies employed by a middle school teacher best conveys high expectations to students? A. Communicating consistently to students that they have the skills and support necessary to succeed B. Requiring students to complete extended homework assignments on the weekend C. Implementing an accelerated curriculum to move students beyond grade-level work D. Offering extrinsic motivators frequently to encourage student achievement and critical-thinking skills

Option (A) is correct because research indicates that verbal motivators help convey high expectations and elicit student achievement.

One day a week, a middle school social studies teacher holds a class discussion on a current event. To prepare students for the discussion, the teacher sends home an article and a list of online sites related to the topic. The teacher also suggests that students watch the news for additional information regarding the issue. Which of the following is a primary benefit of the teacher's actions? A. Accommodating students' differing access to resources B. Using student diversity to enhance and guide learning C. Providing instruction to support learning goals and objectives D. Differentiating instruction for students' varying reasoning abilities

Option (A) is correct because sending home the article allows students who do not have access to other sources of information on the issue to prepare for the class discussion.

(Use the information from term 55) Which of the following is a primary purpose of providing the handout? A. Clarifying expectations of the students regarding the learning activities B. Differentiating instruction for the learning activities for students of multiple ability levels C. Involving the students in creating an assessment for the learning activities D. Increasing students' ownership by providing a choice of learning activities

Option (A) is correct because the handout of activities is a communication tool that clearly outlines what is expected of the students.

PART 2 Before students begin their research, Ms. Soto posts the broad mathematics goal on the chalkboard. The following is the class discussion. Ms. Soto: OK, I have written the mathematics goal on the board, "To practice estimation skills." We completed an estimation unit about a week ago. We used a jar of jelly beans to start out the unit... does anyone remember what estimating is in measurement? Corey: It's when you figure how much something weighs or how many things there are, or something like that. I mean, not exactly how much, but around how much. Ms. Soto: Yes, that's correct. You give an educated guess. We estimated how many jelly beans were in a jar based on the size of the jar and the size of the jelly beans. Now, for our research, we are going to use estimation to help others understand the size of the animal based on things that we already know. For example, let's look at this science textbook. We don't know how much it weighs, but what can you tell me about its weight? [No one volunteers to answer the question.] Well, let's see, is the textbook heavier or lighter than this magazine? Several students: Heavier! Ms. Soto: Good! Now what's another question you could ask to help us estimate its weight? Amanda: You could ask if it's heavier or lighter than a student dictionary, and it's lighter. [The conversation continues, and students practice estimating the relative heights and volumes of different objects.] Ms. Soto: So for each of the endangered animals you research, you will be responsible for helping us understand its height and weight in terms of estimation based on things that we already know. For example, an African elephant can weigh more than four tons and stand twelve feet tall. In terms that we can understand, that's the weight of three average-sized cars and the height of a tall man standing on the shoulders of another tall man. Ms. Soto mentions the jelly bean activity primarily to do which of the following? A. Connect ideas to prior knowledge B. Relate the project to real life C. Stimulate critical thinking D. Encourage visual learners

Option (A) is correct because the teacher connects ideas related to estimation with the students' prior knowledge. The teacher mentions jelly beans, which draws on an activity that students completed together at an earlier date. By reminding students of the activity, the teacher allows students to consider how the previous lesson might relate to the current lesson.

(Use the information from term 29) The feedback provided by Ms. Galloway, as shown on the record sheet, is primarily effective because it provides: A. encouraging support. B. constructive criticism. C. procedural reminders. D. assessment criteria.

Option (A) is correct because the teacher is reassuring and positive in both of her comments.

(Use the information from term 80) The best reason for incorporating the slide show portion into the unit is to have students: A. use productivity tools to communicate information. B. gain experience using new computer software. C. work collaboratively to ensure understanding. D. access information from electronic sources.

Option (A) is correct because the teacher wants the students to share what they have learned about endangered animals with the class. By using slide show software to display their information, the teacher uses an appropriate electronic software tool to achieve her goal.

An elementary school teacher presents a lesson in which students write a positive statement about each of their classmates. Which of the following is a primary purpose of the activity? A. Promoting a respectful learning environment B. Fostering equitable achievement C. Developing skills for self-directed learning D. Integrating the use of goal setting

Option (A) is correct because writing a positive statement about each classmate promotes students focusing on positive qualities in one another and may produce a more respectful environment.

A class reads a novel about a man who returns to his homeland. The teacher extends the reading by having the students each create a family tree, research their family's homeland, model that country's traditional clothing, and share a food of that country. A primary benefit of including the project in the curriculum is that it: A. promotes acceptance of and respect for students' diverse backgrounds. B. adapts materials and instruction to address students' varied learning styles. C. communicates the teacher's enthusiasm and high academic expectations. D. provides instruction that is responsive to cultural and socioeconomic differences.

Option (A) is correct because, according to research, this activity helps students become more accepting of the foods, clothing, and history of different cultures.

Ms. Stevenson: Minh, I saw you at the football game last Friday. Did you have a good time? Minh: Yes, I am liking American football. I am liking every sports. Ms. Stevenson: You should join a team here at school. Minh: I am studying. Ms. Stevenson: Oh, I see. Well, I hope you'll get some free time soon. Minh: I hoping. Minh's speech can best be classified as being at which of the following English-language proficiency levels? A. Beginning B. Intermediate C. Advanced D. Advanced-high

Option (B) is correct because Minh demonstrates an intermediate level of English-language proficiency. He is able to communicate simple messages with basic vocabulary. He speaks using limited grammatical structures, with several errors that may inhibit understanding.

(Use the information from term 55) Which of the following best describes Mr. Wylie's role during the interview day? A. Content specialist B. Facilitator C. Interview director D. Evaluator

Option (B) is correct because Mr. Wylie prepares everything for the interviews in order to facilitate students' independent learning.

A father complained to Ms. Adair, a fifth-grade teacher, about an incident that occurred between his son and another fifth-grade teacher, Ms. Riley. The father feels Ms. Riley has treated his son unfairly. To best maintain her professionalism in the situation, Ms. Adair should: A. state her opinion, calm the parent, and report the complaint about Ms. Riley to the principal. B. suggest a conference between the student, the parent, and Ms. Riley. C. discuss the incident, agree with the parent, and advocate the parent's perspective to Ms. Riley. D. defend Ms. Riley's approach to the parent and reprimand the student.

Option (B) is correct because Ms. Adair should encourage the parties directly involved to discuss the matter in an appropriate setting without outside interference.

(Use the information from term 41) During the conversation with Minh, Ms. Stevenson primarily uses which of the following techniques to create a productive classroom environment? A. Conveying her enthusiasm for continued learning B. Interacting with her students on a personal level C. Relating her instruction to everyday experiences D. Encouraging her students to respect the community

Option (B) is correct because Ms. Stevenson is showing interest in Minh's life, which will positively impact his learning environment.

According to Piaget, which of the following is the last stage of cognitive development? A. Preoperational stage B. Formal operational stage C. Sensorimotor stage D. Concrete operational stage

Option (B) is correct because according to Piaget's stages of cognitive development, the expected order of development is sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational, respectively.

At the beginning of the school year, a middle school science teacher presents a lesson demonstrating safe practices in the science lab. Which of the following activities is the most effective informal assessment of the lesson? A. Asking students to record laboratory safety notes in their science journals B. Allowing students to explore safety equipment at various laboratory stations C. Having students match laboratory safety rules to the explanations of the rules D. Observing students' use of laboratory tools as they complete a simple experiment

Option (B) is correct because allowing students to explore safety equipment is an effective way to actively engage them while informally assessing their mastery of safe practices.

PART 1 Ms. Soto, a fourth-grade teacher, begins a unit about endangered animals with her class. Read the following excerpt from the student assignment sheet. Our Precious Animals Goals: Mathematics: To practice estimation skills by writing estimation statements about the endangered animals Science: To understand factors that contribute to the endangerment of animals Social Studies: To learn about various world cultures and land formations English/Language Arts: To incorporate research into a concise computer-based slide show and to write song lyrics There are hundreds of endangered animals in our country alone and many more around the world. Over the next three weeks, we will be studying such endangered animals. You will be assigned to a group of 3-4 students and to a specific region of the world. Each group will be asked to research ten animals within the group's assigned region that are considered endangered and present the information to the class. Which of the following terms best characterizes the project described? A. Culminating B. Interdisciplinary C. Multicultural D. Kinesthetic

Option (B) is correct because an interdisciplinary unit incorporates teaching objectives from multiple curriculum areas, allowing students to make links between disciplines. The excerpt provided from the student assignment sheet shows goals and objectives in all the core subject areas, as required of an interdisciplinary unit.

Which of the following classroom management approaches for high school students is based on Skinner's theory of operant conditioning? A. Providing breakfast for students to help them pay attention better in class B. Praising students who are on task while correcting students who are off task C. Creating collaborative groups for students to assist one another in learning D. Developing hands-on activities to promote the highest level of engagement

Option (B) is correct because both positive and negative reinforcement can elicit desired effects.

While grading students' research projects, a teacher observes that many of the students document unreliable Internet sources. To best ensure students use the most reliable sources, the teacher should provide students with: A. Internet sites that list basic technology terms and concepts. B. a list of several school-subscribed Web sites. C. Web sites that provide examples of correct references. D. names of widely used Internet search engines.

Option (B) is correct because by providing students with a list of school-subscribed Internet sources, the teacher is giving students examples of reliable, reputable sources to use for their research.

Su-Mei, a high school English-language learner, is at an intermediate level of English-language proficiency. She can communicate and understand a wide range of everyday topics but has difficulty understanding complex content material in class lectures. Which of the following strategies is the most appropriate for her teachers to use to help her comprehend academic content? A. Assigning supplemental homework based on content material B. Discussing learning objectives at the beginning and end of class C. Modeling the use of inferential skills to develop prediction skills D. Monitoring progress through observation during group work

Option (B) is correct because discussing learning objectives before the lesson focuses the English-language learner on what she needs to learn, and restating them after the lesson helps recap for the student what she should have learned from the lesson.

In order to provide the most beneficial feedback to students on their research papers, a teacher should: A. provide students with corrective marks on their graded papers. B. schedule individual conferences to address comments and questions. C. return the graded papers and display a graph of the overall class performance. D. return the graded papers and offer students the option to set up a teacher conference.

Option (B) is correct because effective feedback is specific, timely, and focuses on improvements that each individual student can control or correct.

A new elementary school teacher attends a writing workshop that addresses strategies for improving student writing. After the workshop, the teacher can best help students by: A. explaining the strategies to parents during parent-teacher conferences. B. incorporating the strategies into current and future lesson plans. C. explaining the strategies to the administrators and other faculty members. D. incorporating the strategies in a reflective teaching journal.

Option (B) is correct because incorporating the strategies into current and future lessons is the most effective and direct strategy for positively influencing instruction for students.

Because Matthew is a student who is struggling in mathematics, his teacher schedules a conference with his parents. Which of the following is the best way for the teacher to begin the conference? A. Discussing Matthew's low mathematics grades and better ways for him to study B. Identifying Matthew's strengths in other subjects before addressing his mathematics grades C. Discussing Matthew's mathematics grades and study habits from previous years D. Identifying Matthew's weaknesses in mathematics based on a recent mathematics exam

Option (B) is correct because it is always a good practice to open a parent-teacher conference on a positive note. This practice reduces the likelihood that parents will be defensive and sets a positive tone for the meeting. By identifying the student's strengths before addressing concerns, the teacher has effectively set a positive start to the conference.

(Use the information from term 55) To best help officials understand the expectations for the interviews, it is most important for Mr. Wylie to explain the: A. question-and-answer format the students will use during the students' interviews. B. students' learning objectives to be achieved for the unit. C. lesson format that will be followed after the students' interviews. D. students' varied learning preferences for the unit.

Option (B) is correct because knowing the student learning objectives will explain the purpose of the interview, which helps the officials focus on relevant information.

A primary benefit of using classroom portfolios for assessment purposes is to: A. facilitate comparing students' work to that of their peers. B. provide an opportunity for students to reflect on their progress. C. promote the implementation of cooperative group projects. D. support the application of learning strategies across the curriculum.

Option (B) is correct because portfolios are a collection of student work compiled over time to show progress and growth.

(Use the information from term 67) Ms. Yan is aware that two of her students do not have computers at home, making it difficult for them to complete their weekly interactive online journal assignment. To best address this situation without depriving the two students of important learning opportunities, the teacher should: A. exempt them from their weekly journal assignment that requires Internet access to complete. B. provide them with Internet access during the school day to work on their weekly journal assignment. C. allow them to submit their weekly journal assignment on paper. D. allow them an extra day to complete their weekly journal assignment.

Option (B) is correct because providing the two students with Internet access during the school day gives them the same learning experience as that of students who do have Internet access at home.

Claire is a 10-year-old student who is unable to focus on any academic task for more than a couple of minutes at a time. She spends much of her work time tapping her pencil, bothering others, rummaging through her desk, or crawling on the floor. She is currently receiving special education services and has a behavioral intervention plan (BIP). Which of the following is the most appropriate way for the teacher to seek support in teaching Claire how to better manage her behaviors? A. Encouraging Claire's parents to initiate a system at home that will reward Claire for appropriate behaviors B. Requesting that Claire's behaviors be reevaluated by an Admission Review Dismissal (ARD) committee C. Meeting with colleagues to study case histories related to behavior management D. Consulting with the school nurse to learn about attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Option (B) is correct because requesting that the ARD committee study Claire's current behaviors will determine if the BIP needs to be modified. Since the ARD committee is responsible for establishing the educational needs of students with special needs, it is most appropriate to work with them to better support the student.

PART 3 After the groups have compiled their research, students are to choose and present relevant facts. Ms. Soto brings them to the school computer lab to give them time to create their group slide shows. Before having the students begin their assignment, Ms. Soto reviews how to create a slide show with the students. After their group presentations, students are given an assignment that will count as their final assessment for the unit. They are to choose one endangered animal from their group and compose song lyrics to the tune of a nursery rhyme or popular song. The song lyrics should describe the animal. Which of the following will best ensure that Ms. Soto clearly explains the directions for the slide show assignment? A. Giving students two minutes to discuss the assignment with a partner B. Providing a visual example of a completed assignment C. Asking each student to write his or her understanding of the assignment D. Restating the goal of the assignment after discussing the directions

Option (B) is correct because showing the students a visual example of a correctly completed assignment will best help the teacher communicate to the students her expectations.

(Use the information from term 55) The project develops students' higher-order thinking skills primarily by promoting which of the following? A. Problem solving B. Inquiry learning C. Community involvement D. Multisensory learning

Option (B) is correct because students have to develop a variety of questions to ask during the interview. Developing questions, especially open-ended questions, will promote students' higher-level thinking about the subject matter.

(Use the information from term 29) Which of the following is a primary purpose of the teacher's comment section on the record sheet? A. Extending student knowledge through questioning B. Facilitating individual communication with students C. Promoting equitable opportunities for student learning D. Providing examples to clarify student expectations

Option (B) is correct because the comments are a way for the teacher and students to communicate one-on-one in an efficient and effective way.

*Offering student choices. *Incorporating real-world applications. *Designing appropriately challenging tasks. A high school teacher can expect implementation of the above listed strategies to primarily increase student: A. inquiry. B. motivation. C. responsibility. D. communication.

Option (B) is correct because the strategies in the bulleted list offer students positive perspectives of their education. Offering students choices allows students to develop a sense of ownership in their learning. Incorporating real-world applications helps students see the value and benefits of education. Designing appropriately challenging tasks engages students by maintaining their interest levels; tasks that are too easy become boring and tasks that are too challenging become frustrating.

A teacher allows students in a seventh-grade science class to choose objects from home or from the classroom to use for a demonstration. By allowing the students to choose the objects for the demonstration, the teacher primarily addresses the typical adolescent's developmental need for: A. success. B. autonomy. C. acceptance. D. reflection.

Option (B) is correct because the students will develop a sense of independence as a result of selecting materials for themselves.

When conducting a class discussion, a high school teacher makes eye contact with individual students and listens intently to their responses. Which of the following classroom management techniques does the teacher's conduct best exemplify? A. Redirecting student focus B. Modeling desired behaviors C. Monitoring student behavior D. Enforcing desired expectations

Option (B) is correct because the teacher is modeling how students should behave when participating in a classroom discussion.

A fourth-grade teacher reviews whole-number place value before introducing decimal place value. It is evident that four students still struggle with the concept of whole-number place value. The teacher's best approach is to: A. continue with the lesson plans to avoid deviating from the mathmatics-curriculum timeline. B. adapt the lesson plans to include small-group instruction for those students who have not mastered the concept. C. plan lessons to reteach place-value concepts to the whole class, to review and reinforce students' understanding. D. prepare lessons to teach the next concept during class, and assign practice activities on place value as homework.

Option (B) is correct because the teacher responds to the learning needs of the four students by adapting the lesson plan to include small-group instruction on the foundational skill. Adjusting the lesson plan in this way also provides for the needs of the rest of the class because students who understand the foundational skill will remain engaged in lessons that are appropriately challenging.

Mr. Marin, a middle school teacher, wants to establish a productive learning environment for his students. Which of the following should Mr. Marin focus on first? A. Helping his students make decisions about their future academic plans and their careers B. Developing a feeling of trust between the students and the teacher C. Communicating with administrators about his students' needs D. Assessing his students' ability to apply concrete thinking and conflict resolution skills

Option (B) is correct because trust is one of the key components in building a productive learning environment. By developing trust, the teacher can help establish a safe learning environment and increase student productivity, which is especially important for middle school students.

A teacher finds a cell phone after students have left class. Which of the following is the most ethical way for the teacher to handle the situation? A. Turning off the phone and returning it the following day B. Taking the phone to the school office as soon as possible C. Asking other students if they know who owns the phone D. Searching for information on the phone to determine the owner

Option (B) is correct because turning the phone in to the office is the best choice in the situation. The school office has procedures for returning cell phones as well as for notifying parents.

After teaching a unit on the War of 1812, a teacher assesses the students' learning by asking them to summarize the war, first as if they were a United States journalist and then as if they were a British government official. Which of the following teaching strategies does the assignment primarily use? A. Providing instructional scaffolding B. Activating prior knowledge C. Exploring multiple perspectives D. Promoting student choice

Option (C) is correct because the assignment is using multiple perspectives to create a deeper understanding of the topic.

After meeting with her mentor teacher, Ms. Galloway devises a folder system for student work. Each student is given a record sheet stapled inside a folder for keeping all lab work together during the semester. The folders are kept in boxes on a table in the back of the classroom, with each class having its own in-box and out-box. When lab notes and reports are ready for Ms. Galloway to review, students place their folders in the in-box. After Ms. Galloway looks through a folder and notes any problems, she places the folder in the out-box. Students pick up their folders as soon as they enter the classroom and place them in the appropriate box at the end of the period. The following is part of a record sheet from one student's folder. (See image for record sheet) A primary benefit of the folder system is that it: A. encourages students to support classroom procedures. B. maximizes time for students' learning. C. promotes a sense of community among students in the classroom. D. incorporates a variety of student learning styles.

Option (B) is correct because using the folders should save time that can then be utilized for student learning.

(Use the information from term 55) To best help students accomplish their task on Day 4, Mr. Wylie should provide them with a: A. semantic map. B. sample script. C. performance rubric. D. behavior checklist.

Option (C) is correct because a rubric helps students to evaluate and reflect on the quality of the questions they wrote and to improve them.

During a face-to-face conference about a student, which of the following strategies best ensures open communication between the teacher and parents? A. Beginning with a discussion of the student's behavioral weaknesses B. Minimizing opportunities for parental suggestions on classroom management C. Limiting the use of education-specific terminology D. Maintaining a demeanor that emphasizes authority

Option (C) is correct because a teacher who uses education-specific terms can make it difficult for parents to completely understand the situation or possible solutions. By replacing education terminology with easier-to-understand language, the teacher can help establish an effective discussion.

(Use the information from term 76) Ms. Soto allows each student to select two or three animals to research for the group. The purpose of allowing students to choose the animals is to: A. ensure organization. B. monitor effectiveness. C. increase motivation. D. use hands-on learning

Option (C) is correct because allowing students to make choices is an appropriate strategy for increasing student motivation. If students choose the animals they want to research, their interest level in the project increases.

To make the final assessment most valid, the teacher should instruct the students to: A. tell a fictional story about the animal in the song. B. use a familiar song. C. include facts about the animal in the song. D. memorize the song.

Option (C) is correct because an assessment is valid when it measures what it is intended to measure. The teacher intends for the song to describe the animal, which will measure the students' learning about the endangered animal. If the students include facts about the animal in the song, the assessment will best meet the teacher's intended purpose.

Emily, a student in Ms. Hess's class has recently been boasting to other students about her connections to a local gang. Emily's friends are intrigued and preoccupied by what she says and does, and they are also showing an interest in the gang. Which of the following is the most appropriate action for the teacher to take in the situation? A. Alerting administrators to the problem and having them create and implement a punishment for the students involved B. Calling the local authorities to alert them to the situation and to have them deal with the students at an official level C. Requesting that a law-enforcement officer educate all of the students on gang activities and possible consequences D. Ignoring the situation, assuming a lack of interest will diminish the students' interest in the gang

Option (C) is correct because bringing in a law-enforcement officer will provide an opportunity to educate students about the realities of gang involvement, correct any misinformation the student is providing the class, and remove any glamorization that students perceive.

Middle school science students are creating a multimedia presentation about different types of soil. The students are required to include pictures of various types of soil and an explanation of the attributes of each soil type. Which of the following best ensures that students can include pictures in the presentation without breaking copyright laws? A. Having students copy pictures from Web sites and reference the sources within the presentation B. Allowing students to use pictures that they scanned from available books C. Having students use photographs that they took with a digital camera D. Allowing students to use digital photographs that they purchased to use in the presentation

Option (C) is correct because copyright permission is not needed; since the students are taking the pictures themselves, they have the right to include the pictures in their presentation.

(Use the information from term 21) When Claire disrupts the class, the teacher's most appropriate course of action is to: A. send Claire to the principal's office so that other students' learning is not disrupted. B. inform Claire that she will not attend her elective classes that day or the next. C. document Claire's behavior and implement the consequences detailed in her behavioral plan. D. remind Claire that she must follow the school's discipline plan.

Option (C) is correct because documenting Claire's behaviors provides a log that Claire's parents and the ARD committee can review to measure the progress she has made toward reaching her goals. The teacher should implement the consequences detailed in Claire's BIP because the ARD committee has decided that those consequences are most appropriate for her, considering her qualifying condition.

A third-grade teacher has several English-language learners (ELLs) at varying language proficiency levels in the class. Which of the following best ensures that the ELLs will participate in whole-class discussions? A. Modeling different sentence structures found in English and having the ELLs repeat the sentences B. Pairing ELLs with native English speakers and encouraging conversation between them C. Increasing wait time to allow ELLs to process information before contributing ideas D. Incorporating systematic documentation to record when ELLs participate

Option (C) is correct because increasing wait time is a research-based tool for teachers to use to improve student participation, because, as the option states, it allows ELLs the time necessary to process and understand the information.

For the units in her high school physics class, Ms. Galloway develops a series of experiments for students to work on independently at their own pace within a specified time frame. After each experiment, students turn in their lab notes and a detailed report, and Ms. Galloway notes any problems for students to review. Students determine how to improve and revise their work according to Ms. Galloway's feedback before they can move on to the next experiment. As the school year progresses, Ms. Galloway is very pleased with the overall improvement in her students' lab skills, scientific thinking, and writing skills. However, she feels overwhelmed by the amount of time she spends reviewing student work and maintaining student records. Ms. Galloway discusses the issue with her mentor teacher who helps her list the specific problems she is having, as shown below. 1. Too much class time gets wasted collecting and passing out student papers. 2. Too much time is spent sorting and matching lab notes and reports before they can be read. 3. Students sometimes misplace or lose part of their earlier sets of notes on a particular experiment, making it difficult to monitor their progress. The teaching approach Ms. Galloway uses with her students can best be described as developmentally appropriate because it provides: A. academic support from peers. B. challenges through competition. C. opportunities for reflection. D. content from varied perspectives.

Option (C) is correct because opportunities for reflection are provided when the students make decisions about how to improve and revise their work based on the teacher's notes. Reflection is developmentally appropriate for the high school students because students develop confidence and independence as they complete their work well. Intellectual interests gain importance as students begin to consider their career paths.

A high school English-language arts teacher wants to ensure that students successfully complete a content-specific essay. Which of the following actions by the teacher will best help students understand the teacher's expectations for the assignment's format? A. Supplying students with more information about the topic B. Asking students if they have any questions about the task C. Showing students examples of what to do and what not to do D. Assigning students a related reading and reviewing the content with them

Option (C) is correct because providing examples to students will clarify the task, both visually and auditorily, by showing a pattern of defining features. Providing examples of what to do and what not to do will allow students to understand that the content essay is not a persuasive essay or an outline. Nonexamples can also provide information on the quality of an essay by noting that the product should not be too short, contain excessive misspellings, or numerous crossed-out words.

A high school teacher observes that English-language learners (ELLs) at the beginning level of language proficiency in speaking do not participate in classroom discussions. The most effective way to help the ELLs is to: A. have native-language-speaking peers interpret discussion points and provide responses for the ELLs. B. have English-speaking peers model discussions and then allow the ELLs to rehearse before participating. C. provide short sentence stems and terms related to the discussion for the ELLs to practice before participating. D. provide one-on-one oral language instruction and then practice discussing a wide range of topics with the ELLs.

Option (C) is correct because providing short sentence stems and terms for practice before conversations is an appropriate way to encourage speaking skills in beginning-level ELLs.

(Use the information from term 67) Ms. Yan wants to increase the level of ongoing dialogue and student investment in the interactive online journal. She could best promote positive student engagement by: A. requiring students to answer questions in their journal entries that will clarify misconceptions. B. increasing the number of times a week students are expected to log in to the online journal. C. allowing students to add new topics and questions to which other students respond. D. posting assignments and student solutions to homework and test questions.

Option (C) is correct because providing student choice and ownership in an activity is a strong motivator for students. By allowing students to post new topics and answer each other's questions, the teacher can effectively increase student interest and promote their engagement in the interactive online journal.

A teacher can best simplify language for an English-language learner with which of the following strategies? A. Eliminating nonverbal facial expressions and gestures B. Avoiding the use of cognates while doing group work C. Reducing the number of pronouns used in spoken instructions D. Using slang commonly spoken by students of that age group

Option (C) is correct because reducing the use of pronouns will increase comprehension by eliminating the ELL's need to guess what the pronouns are referencing.

While reviewing student data from a recent mathematics exam, a high school teacher notices that a majority of students do not understand a key concept. Which of the following actions should the teacher take first to address the students' deficiency in understanding? A. Readministering the exam to improve student performance B. Allowing students to make corrections to their original answers C. Reteaching the essential concept before covering any new material D. Presenting the original lesson using the same instructional methodology

Option (C) is correct because reteaching a concept is a necessary step in effective lesson planning when there is evidence that a majority of the students do not understand the essential concept. The teacher should not move on until students understand the concept.

If a teacher suspects a student is being abused or neglected, it is the teacher's primary responsibility to: A. interview the student thoroughly to determine the exact details of the injuries or neglect. B. contact a parent or family member to inquire about the student's injuries or neglect. C. report the suspected abuse or neglect to law enforcement or family protective services within 48 hours. D. ask a school administrator to report the abuse or neglect to law enforcement or family protective services within 24 hours.

Option (C) is correct because state law requires anyone who is licensed by the state that works with children to report suspected abuse or neglect no later than 48 hours after the certified professional first suspects the abuse or neglect.

(Use the information from term 29) The student folders can best be used as a tool for which of the following? A. Creating closure of lessons for students B. Helping students connect lessons to the world beyond school C. Monitoring students' understanding of the content D. Activating students' prior knowledge about the content

Option (C) is correct because students' comments in the folder allow the teacher to quickly see what students understand and what they need more help understanding.

Which of the following is the most effective way for a teacher to establish a solution-focused approach to parent-teacher conferences? A. Providing school safety procedures to each parent B. Explaining student behavior management structures C. Seeking to establish a partnership with each parent D. Conveying interest in each student's hobbies

Option (C) is correct because the goal of a parent-teacher conference is to establish a strong working relationship with the parents to best ensure the success of the student.

(Use the information from term 25) Ms. Galloway's discussion with her mentor teacher is effective primarily because it involves A. Ms. Galloway and her mentor sharing personal experiences with similar situations. B. Ms. Galloway and her mentor examining their personal philosophies of teaching. C. a reflective process for Ms. Galloway to use to improve her instruction. D. a review of proactive ideas for how Ms. Galloway can avoid future problems.

Option (C) is correct because the mentor is helping Ms. Galloway reflect on her teaching and identify problems she needs to address to improve her instructional effectiveness.

At the beginning of the school year, a sixth-grade language arts teacher gives students a hand-shaped cutout and tells them to write an "I" statement on it focusing on something they like to do in relation to language arts. Students then present their statements to the class and put their cutouts up on a classroom bulletin board. Which of the following teacher's goals is best achieved through the activity? A. Assessing students' current skill levels and learning styles to appropriately differentiate instruction B. Establishing a means to monitor students' academic goals throughout the year C. Using students' diverse skills and interests to create a sense of community within the classroom D. Planning instruction that helps students identify their goals for future careers

Option (C) is correct because the teacher is trying to promote a learning community where students are aware of their peers' interests and skills and can seek out one another as resources.

(Use the information from term 55) Before arranging for his students to leave the school grounds for the project on Day 5, it is most important for Mr. Wylie to: A. notify the students' other teachers in writing. B. create a trip schedule to present parents with procedures to ensure students' safety. C. obtain a consent form signed by a parent from each student. D. provide information to each student about their legal rights with regard to the trip.

Option (C) is correct because the teacher must have permission from the students' parents before students can leave the campus for the field trip.

A group of teachers work together to create a common assessment for an upcoming unit. Which of the following features of word processing software is best to use for facilitating collaboration among the teachers on the assessment? A. Capturing screen shots B. Inserting a table C. Tracking changes D. Converting to Web format

Option (C) is correct because the track changes tool provides an efficient way for multiple users to share and see input as a document is reviewed and revised.

During a lesson about the American Revolution, the teacher asks students the following questions. • Why did the Americans rebel? • Where did the Revolution begin? • What is a Patriot and what is a Tory? By asking these questions, the teacher best demonstrates an understanding of how to: A. foster students' inquiry skills. B. measure students' evaluation skills. C. assess students' recall of the content. D. promote students' critical thinking about the content.

Option (C) is correct because these questions help the teacher see if the students have learned and are able to recall the content.

A high school teacher realizes during a direct-teach lesson that many students seem confused and are not participating. To best respond, the teacher should continue the lesson by: A. maintaining the established lesson sequence. B. establishing collaborative groups as support. C. making adjustments to the instructional approach. D. introducing a different topic to the class.

Option (C) is correct because when students are confused the teacher should make adjustments in the teaching to ensure student understanding.

(Use the information from term 41) Based on the grammatical errors Minh makes in the conversation, he would benefit most from focused English-language instruction on which of the following skills? A. Applying the proper endings to plural nouns B. Ensuring proper subject-pronoun agreement C. Placing parts of speech correctly in the sentence D. Using the correct form of present-tense verbs

Option (D) is correct because Minh uses two verbs incorrectly, "liking" and "hoping." These verbs are nonaction verbs; therefore, they must be used in the simple, not progressive, tense.

A high school teacher is creating a mathematics unit assessment for the class. It is most important for the teacher to align the assessment questions with the: A. objectives in the national mathematics standards. B. content of the previous mathematics unit as a review. C. interests of the students during the mathematics unit. D. material taught during the mathematics unit.

Option (D) is correct because aligning material to previously taught material during the mathematics unit is most important when planning a unit assessment.

Mr. Smigla's students are reading a novel in history class. He provides twenty minutes for sustained silent reading each class period. Near the end of the established time frame, one of the students asks Mr. Smigla a question about a character in the novel. He answers the question, and this sparks a conversation about the novel that involves the whole classroom. The best way for Mr. Smigla to respond to this situation is by: A. extending the time frame for the sustained silent reading. B. stopping the discussion and having the students write any comments they may have in their journals. C. giving an impromptu quiz after the students have finished the conversation. D. allowing the students to continue the conversation while he monitors the discussion.

Option (D) is correct because allowing the students to continue the conversation best takes advantage of the unplanned opportunity for students to gain insight from each other—a teachable moment.

Which of the following approaches would most effectively support kindergarten students' social development when they participate in learning centers? A. Balancing the students' time between quiet learning and the activity of centers B. Keeping the same groups of students together as they rotate through the learning centers C. Assessing students' strengths and weaknesses in the skills that the centers emphasize D. Creating opportunities for interaction among students during learning center activities

Option (D) is correct because creating opportunities for interaction among students during center time supports social development by encouraging students to work together.

(Use the information from term 25) To best help Ms. Galloway identify potential solutions for the listed problems, the mentor should suggest that Ms. Galloway A. initiate a personal blog of classroom management teaching experiences. B. chat with an online community of teachers about managing materials. C. join a professional educational association that focuses on classroom management. D. review research-based educational articles about managing materials.

Option (D) is correct because it is important to use resources that are backed by research; otherwise, the problems may just be exacerbated.

Which of the following is a realistic role for a mentor teacher in supporting a first-year teacher? A. Facilitating the new teacher's parent conferences B. Replacing the administrator as the new teacher's evaluator C. Enforcing behavioral consequences for the new teacher's students D. Modeling instructional strategies for the new teacher

Option (D) is correct because modeling instructional strategies for the new teacher will provide the new teacher with skills to enhance classroom instruction. It also allows for follow-up discussions reflecting on the modeled behaviors.

While teaching a new science unit on weather, a teacher wants to measure the instructional effectiveness of lessons that have been presented against specific science Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS). The best way to determine the lessons' effectiveness is to: A. incorporate cooperative learning activities into the unit and have students reflect on their contribution to the group. B. record how much time students are actively engaged and on task during the unit. C. ask students to develop learning goals for the unit and to reflect on their progress. D. monitor students' learning by asking specific questions and measuring students' performance on assignments.

Option (D) is correct because monitoring student learning informally through asking questions will allow the teacher to adjust instruction quickly. Monitoring student performance on assignments will allow the teacher to objectively measure student mastery toward specific TEKS objectives.

Erin is a kindergartner who can skip, jump, dress herself, and trace a square. Which of the following best describes this area of development? A. Emotional development B. Cognitive development C. Social development D. Motor development

Option (D) is correct because skipping, jumping, dressing oneself, and tracing a square are skills that require gross and fine motor skills, which are part of the motor-development process.

Middle school students are working in cooperative learning groups on a project. While monitoring the classroom, the teacher notices that some students are not actively working on the project. Which of the following techniques should the teacher implement first to address the issue? A. Having students complete the remainder of the project independently B. Reassigning group members based on the teacher's observations C. Asking students to view their project from a different perspective D. Reviewing assigned roles for the project with members of each group

Option (D) is correct because speaking with individual group members will encourage student involvement. In cooperative learning, each student is assigned a particular responsibility prior to beginning group work, and all members are responsible for the final product. A reminder of the assigned role should be the first step a teacher takes in engaging students in the activity.

PART 1 Mr. Wylie, a seventh-grade Texas history teacher, is planning a unit to help his students understand the structure and functions of government as created by the Texas Constitution. To address the objective, he plans to have pairs of students work together to interview a city official. He gives students the following handout that provides a timeline of activities for student pairs to perform during the project. Straight From the Source: Learning About Our City Government. Day 1 Brainstorm a list of ten to fifteen possible questions to ask a city official to help you learn how the Texas Constitution affects decisions that city officials make every day. The questions should elicit a variety of answers. Day 2 Share your list of potential questions in small groups to get feedback. Revise your questions. Day 3 Practice your interview using role-playing with at least two different members of the class (other than your partner). Take turns as the interviewer, asking your questions and taking notes. Day 4 Use your experiences from Day 3 to reflect on the quality and scope of your questions. Refine your list of questions based on your reflection. Day 5 Conduct yourself appropriately during the interview and take good notes. Write a summary of the information you learned from your interview. Day 6 Make a brief oral presentation to the class to share what you learned. PART 2 In preparing for the interviews, Mr. Wylie develops a list of officials who have an office in the city hall building. Then he contacts the officials to determine if they are interested in the project and their availability for interviews. The project design primarily demonstrates Mr. Wylie's understanding of the importance of: A. establishing an environment that respects diversity. B. helping students make potential career decisions. C. monitoring teacher effectiveness during instruction. D. connecting students' learning to the real world.

Option (D) is correct because students are learning about the Texas Constitution in social studies through an experience in the world beyond school as they interview officials at city hall.

A high school science teacher has students keep a personal dictionary of content-related vocabulary words. The teacher first models for the students and then asks them to come up with personal learning connections for each word, such as graphics, lab notes, and references to enhance understanding. Which of the following skills will the activity most likely help the students develop? A. Abstract thinking B. Stimulus-response learning C. Critical thinking D. Self-directed learning

Option (D) is correct because students are self-directing their own learning. They are making their own connections and enhancing their understanding of the words.

According to the Code of Ethics and Standard Practices for Texas Educators, an educator can reveal confidential information concerning a student only when the disclosure: A. is beneficial to the student's community. B. is requested by the media for investigative purposes. C. improves the student's educational opportunities. D. serves a lawful professional purpose.

Option (D) is correct because the Texas Administrative Code outlines the Code of Ethics and Standard Practices for Texas Educators in standard 3.1. The regulation states that an educator shall not reveal confidential information concerning students unless disclosure serves a lawful professional purpose or is required by law.

After reading from a science textbook written in English, an English-language learner at the advanced-high level of proficiency completes the following activity card by listing a definition for precipitation, listing its part of speech, and listing an example. (See image for example) Which of the following is a primary purpose of the activity? A. Applying English phonetics B. Understanding English syntax C. Assessing reading comprehension D. Building academic vocabulary

Option (D) is correct because the activity is a four-corners activity designed to build vocabulary understanding. The card contains a term, its definition, the part of speech, and a synonym.

Ms. Ellis, a high school biology teacher, is struggling to maintain student engagement throughout her lessons. Although she has begun to use several motivational strategies, the situation has not improved. The most appropriate next step for Ms. Ellis to take is to discuss the issue with the: A. assistant principal. B. school counselor. C. district science coordinator. D. head of the science department.

Option (D) is correct because the department head is the first point of contact for getting additional help with instruction.

(Use the information from term 25) Ms. Galloway's system for noting problems with completed assignments will primarily benefit students by which of the following? A. Enhancing students' awareness of the cognitive processes involved in problem solving and decision making B. Encouraging students to apply teacher-directed methods to promote their own learning C. Helping students understand relationships between specific content learned and broader learning goals D. Developing students' sense of personal responsibility for their own achievement

Option (D) is correct because the responsibility is put on students to decide how to improve their own work rather than simply doing what the teacher tells them.

(Use the information from term 78) Which of the following excerpts from the discussion best indicates that Ms. Soto adjusted instruction based on students' needs? A. Yes, that's correct. You give an educated guess. B. ...but what can you tell me about its weight? C. ...we are going to use estimation to help others understand... D. ...is the textbook heavier or lighter than this magazine?

Option (D) is correct because the teacher asks students if the textbook is "heavier or lighter than this magazine" directly after no one volunteers to answer the previous question. The silence indicates that students do not have enough knowledge to answer the previous question. The teacher adjusts instruction by asking a clarifying question to scaffold students' learning.

Jim leaves class each day to take medication in the nurse's office. A student asks the teacher why Jim leaves each day. Which of the following is the most appropriate teacher response? A. Asking the class not to inquire about Jim's condition B. Telling the student to ask Jim the question upon his return C. Using the opportunity to clarify for the class why Jim leaves D. Letting the student know that Jim is fine and will return shortly

Option (D) is correct because the teacher is required to maintain confidentiality about the student's medical needs, unless such disclosure serves lawful professional purposes or is required by law. The teacher should simply reassure the class that Jim is fine so that students do not become distracted by his absences.

Ms. Yan is using a weekly interactive online journal to encourage her middle school students to write about mathematics and to discuss concepts with each other. Students write entries related to one of the topics Ms. Yan has posted. She hopes that the interactive online journal will encourage ongoing dialogue among her students, both online and during class. After the teacher briefly explains the process of making an entry in an interactive online journal, which of the following teacher actions would best ensure that the students are successful with the journal? A. Giving detailed, step-by-step directions before students begin working on their own B. Modeling the journal-entry process in great detail, using complex technology terms C. Allowing students to write a journal entry independently and to ask questions while they are working D. Using a projector to display and model how to write a journal entry before students begin working

Option (D) is correct because using a projector to display and model the journal-entry process allows students an opportunity to see the action completed correctly. This will best provide students with auditory and visual information needed to correctly complete the task independently.

Elementary students are presenting to their classmates descriptive paragraphs that they wrote. The teacher asks students to name each new descriptive word they hear and post the new words on a word wall. The primary purpose of the activity is to: A. use various discussion methods. B. incorporate authentic learning. C. stimulate higher-order thinking. D. promote active engagement.

Option (D) is correct by having students record new descriptive words as classmates present their paragraphs, the teacher is promoting active listening and encouraging students to write and name the vocabulary words.

A strategy to use while taking the PPR

Sometimes the test will give you excellent answer choices that are true and do make sense...but they do not answer the question at hand. So,....... * Underline important words in the decision-set prompt and the questions themselves to keep you focused on exactly what is being asked.

Standard II

The teacher creates a classroom environment of respect and rapport that fosters a positive climate for learning, equity, and excellence.

Standard I

The teacher designs instruction appropriate for all students that reflects an understanding of relevant content and is based on continuous and appropriate assessment.

Standard IV

The teacher fulfills professional roles and responsibilities and adheres to legal and ethical requirements of the profession.

Standard III

The teacher promotes student learning by providing responsive instruction that makes use of effective communication techniques; instructional strategies that actively engage students in the learning process; and timely, high-quality feedback.

Competency 001

The teacher understands human developmental processes and applies this knowledge to plan instruction and ongoing assessment that motivate students and are responsive to their developmental characteristics and needs.

Competency 003

The teacher understands procedures for designing effective and coherent instruction and assessment based on appropriate learning goals and objectives.

Competency 002

The teacher understands student diversity and knows how to plan learning experiences and design assessments that are responsive to differences among students and that promote all students' learning.

An EC-6 teacher recognizes factors

affecting physical growth and health of students in EC-6 grade; Examples: nutrition, sleep, prenatal exposure to drugs, and abuse. And knows that students' physical growth and health related to childhood and adolescence impact their development in other domains such as; cognitive, social, and emotional.

An EC-6 teacher recognizes challenges

for students during later childhood and early adolescence; Examples: self-image, physical appearance, eating disorders, and feelings of rebelliousness. And recognizes effective ways to help students address these challenges.

The teacher TExES PPR is divided

into four standards.

An EC-6 teacher understands

that student involvement in risky behavior such as use of tobacco, alcohol and other drugs, gang involvement, and misuse of technology, impacts development and learning.