PATH370 CHAPTER 16,18,19,20

Which blood pressure reading is considered to be indicative of prehypertension according to the JNC-7 criteria?

128/82

An elderly patient's blood pressure is measured at 160/98. How would the patient's left ventricular function be affected by this level of blood pressure?

Left ventricular workload is increased with high afterload.

A patient presenting with fever, hypotension, and lactic acidosis is most likely to be experiencing what type of shock?

Septic

Which finding is indicative of orthostatic hypotension in a person with a supine blood pressure (BP) of 110/70 and a heart rate (HR) of 100?

Sitting BP 88/60, HR 118

Restriction of which electrolytes is recommended in the management of high blood pressure?

Sodium

What compensatory sign would be expected during periods of physical exertion in a patient with limited ventricular stroke volume?

Tachycardia

Administration of a vasodilator to a patient in shock would be expected to

decrease left ventricular afterload.

Hypertension with a specific, identifiable cause is known as _____ hypertension.

secondary

Massive release of histamine with consequent vasodilation and hypotension occurs with what type of shock?

Anaphylactic

In contrast to all other types of shock, the hyperdynamic phase of septic shock is associated with

high cardiac output.

A middle-aged patient has a follow up visit for a recorded blood pressure of 162/96 mm Hg taken 3 weeks ago. The patient has no significant past medical history and takes no medications, but smokes 1 1/2 packs of cigarettes per day, drinks alcohol regularly, and exercises infrequently. The patient is about 40 lbs. overweight and admits to a high-fat, high-calorie diet. At the office visit today, the patient's blood pressure is 150/92 mm Hg. What is the least appropriate intervention for this patient at this time?

Begin antihypertensive drug therapy.

In which stage of shock is a patient who has lost 1200 mL of blood, who has normal blood pressure when supine, but who experiences orthostatic hypotension upon standing?

Class II, Compensated Stage

After being diagnosed with hypertension, a patient returns to the clinic 6 weeks later. The patient reports "moderate" adherence to the recommended lifestyle changes and has experienced a decreased from 165/96 to 148/90 mm Hg in blood pressure. What is the most appropriate intervention for this patient at this time?

Continue lifestyle modifications only.

Administration of which therapy is most appropriate for hypovolemic shock?

Crystalloids

Chronic elevation of myocardial wall tension results in atrophy.

False

New-organ damage is a function of both the stage of hypertension and its duration.

False

Disseminated intravascular coagulation is a serious complication of septic shock characterized by abnormal clot formation in the microvasculature throughout the body.

True

Lactated Ringer solution and normal saline are commonly used crystalloid solutions that contain electrolytes.

True

What results when systemic blood pressure is increased?

Vasoconstriction

A patient who reports dizziness and who has absent P waves, wide QRS complexes, and a heart rate of 38 beats/minute on an ECG is most likely in which rhythm?

Ventricular escape rhythm

Mitral stenosis is associated with

a pressure gradient across the mitral valve.

Sepsis has been recently redefined as

a systemic inflammatory response to infection.

High blood pressure increases the workload of the left ventricle, because it increases

afterload.

The majority of cases of anaphylactic shock occur when a sensitized individual comes in contact with

antibiotics.

Low cardiac output in association with high preload is characteristic of ________ shock.

cardiogenic

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors block the

conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II.

Aortic regurgitation is associated with

diastolic murmur.

The therapy that most directly improves cardiac contractility in a patient with systolic heart failure is

digitalis.

Constrictive pericarditis is associated with

impaired cardiac filling.

Lusitropic impairment refers to

impaired diastolic relaxation.

A loud pansystolic murmur that radiates to the axilla is most likely a result of

mitral regurgitation.

An abnormally wide (more than 0.10 second) QRS complex is characteristic of

premature ventricular complexes.

A patient with pure left-sided heart failure is likely to exhibit

pulmonary congestion with dyspnea.

Hypertrophy of the right ventricle is a compensatory response to

pulmonary stenosis.

The majority of tachydysrhythmias are believed to occur because of

reentry mechanisms.

Cor pulmonale refers to

right ventricular hypertrophy secondary to pulmonary hypertension.

A patient with a history of myocardial infarction continues to complain of intermittent chest pain brought on by exertion and relieved by rest. The likely cause of this pain is

stable angina.

Rheumatic heart disease is most often a consequence of

β-hemolytic streptococcal infection.

Hypotension, distended neck veins, and muffled heart sounds are classic manifestations of

cardiac tamponade.

Cardiogenic shock is characterized by

reduced cardiac output.