PATHO 370 Week 4 quiz (CH 22,23,24,25)
Dysrhythmias are significant for which reasons? (Select all that apply.)
• Can indicate an underlying disorder. • Can impair cardiac output.
Administration of which therapy is most appropriate for hypovolemic shock?
crystalloids
Constrictive pericarditis is associated with
impaired cardiac filling
Hypertension with a specific, identifiable cause is known as _____ hypertension.
secondary
An example of an acyanotic heart defect is
ventricular septal defect
The most common causes of heart failure include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
• Coronary artery disease • Cardiomyopathy • Hypertension
Atherosclerosis puts a patient at risk for which of the following problems?
• ischemic stroke. • retinal injury • renal impairment
Class II hypovolemic shock is characterized by__________
Tachycardia
High blood pressure increases the workload of the left ventricle because it increases
afterload
Critically ill patients may have parenterally administered vasoactive drugs that are adjusted according to their _____ pressure.
mean arterial
A loud pansystolic murmur that radiates to the axilla is most likely a result of
mitral regurgitation
Hypotension associated with neurogenic and anaphylactic shock is because of
peripheral pooling of blood
Low cardiac output to the kidneys stimulates the release of _____ from juxtaglomerular cells.
renin
Improvement in a patient with septic shock is indicated by an increase in
systemic vascular resistance
Which statement is true about the incidence of heart failure? (Select all that apply.)
• Heart failure is the fastest-growing cardiac disorder. • The increasing incidence and hospitalization rates of heart failure reflect the aging population in the United States. • The incidence of heart failure is 10 per 1000 population after age 65.
Blood pressure is regulated on a short-term basis through which measures?
• Interaction of carotid and aortic baroreceptors • Vasomotor center in the brainstem • Activation of SNS • Inhibition of PSNS
High blood pressure increases the risk of which conditions? (Select all that apply.)
• Stroke • Renal disease • liver disease
Acute coronary syndrome in the presence of thrombosis may present with which manifestations? (Select all that apply.)
• Unstable angina • MI • Sudden cardiac arrest
The majority of cardiac cells that die after myocardial infarction do so because of
apoptosis
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors block the
conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II
Beta-blockers are advocated in the management of heart failure because they
reduce cardiac output
Cardiogenic shock is characterized by
reduced cardiac output
The majority of tachydysrhythmias are believed to occur because of
reentry mechanisms
Pulse pressure is defined as
systolic pressure - diastolic pressure
What compensatory sign would be expected during periods of physical exertion in a patient with limited ventricular stroke volume?
tachycardia
An erroneously low blood pressure measurement may be caused by
Positioning the arm above the heart level
Angina caused by coronary artery spasm is called _____ angina.
Prinzmetal variant
After sitting in a chair for an hour, an older patient develops moderate lower extremity edema. His edema is most likely a consequence of
Right sided heart failure
Massive release of histamine with consequent vasodilation and hypotension occurs with what type of shock?
Anaphylactic
A laboratory test that should be routinely monitored in patients receiving digitalis therapy is
Serum Potassium
The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) has which effects on the heart? (Select all that apply.)
• Vasoconstriction • Increased arterial blood pressure • Increased myocardial contractility • Sodium and water retention
Aortic regurgitation is associated with
diastolic murmur
In which dysrhythmias should treatment be instituted immediately?
Atrial fibrillation with a ventricular rate of 220 bpm
Myocarditis should be suspected in a patient who presents with
acute onset of left ventricular dysfunction.
A patient is diagnosed with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). This patient is most likely described as a(n)
elderly woman without a previous history of MI.
Sepsis has been recently redefined as____________.
A systemic inflammatory response to infection
Right-sided heart failure is usually a consequence of which conditions?
Cor pulmonale PP 19 SLIDE 14
A patient has a history of falls, syncope, dizziness, and blurred vision. The patient's symptomology is most likely related to
Hypotension
Restriction of which electrolytes is recommended in the management of high blood pressure?
Sodium
What results when systemic blood pressure is increased?
Vasoconstriction